Ae Ri Kim,Min Seo Kim,Jiwon Seo,Eun-Jung Bak,Yun-Jung Yoo
BACKGROUNDPeriodontitis and high phosphate (HP) intake can negatively affect the kidney in the presence of renal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of periodontitis or HP intake, either alone or concurrently, on the periodontal tissue and the kidney under normal renal conditions.METHODSRats were divided into normal diet (C), HP diet (HP), tooth ligation and normal diet (P), and tooth ligation and HP diet (P+HP) groups. The mandibular first molars were ligated, and a 0.9% HP diet was provided for 12 weeks from the day of ligation. An additional group (P+HP+IFX) was administered infliximab (IFX), a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, weekly to evaluate the TNF-α inhibitory effect.RESULTSAlveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation did not differ between the P and P+HP groups or between the C and HP groups. In the kidney, interstitial fibrosis and Col1a1 expression increased in the HP group, and ED1 expression increased in the P group, compared to the C group. Tubular basophilia, interstitial fibrosis, and the expression of Col1a1 and ED1 increased in the P+HP group compared to the other groups. The P+HP+IFX group showed a decrease in periodontal inflammation and these renal alterations compared to the P+HP group.CONCLUSIONRegardless of periodontitis, 0.9% HP intake did not affect periodontal tissue. Renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration induced by HP intake and periodontitis, respectively, worsened when combined, indicating a synergistic adverse effect. These changes were reversed by IFX, suggesting that TNF-α inhibition may alleviate renal injury caused by periodontitis and HP intake.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYOur study examined the impact of periodontitis and a 0.9% high phosphate (HP) diet, individually and together, on periodontal tissue and kidney. We divided rats into 4 groups: normal diet, HP diet, periodontitis with a normal diet, and periodontitis with an HP diet, and assessed various periodontal and renal parameters. Although we did not observe any effects of HP intake on periodontal tissue, we found that HP intake worsened kidney health by increasing fibrosis, while periodontitis did so by increasing macrophage infiltration. Combined, these conditions worsen kidney health more than when each condition exists alone, causing more tubular basophilia, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration. However, these negative effects were reversed with TNF-α inhibition. These findings indicate that the combination of periodontitis and HP intake exacerbates renal damage, which can be ameliorated by TNF-α inhibition.
{"title":"Periodontitis and high phosphate intake alone or in combination adversely affect the kidney.","authors":"Ae Ri Kim,Min Seo Kim,Jiwon Seo,Eun-Jung Bak,Yun-Jung Yoo","doi":"10.1002/jper.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70013","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDPeriodontitis and high phosphate (HP) intake can negatively affect the kidney in the presence of renal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of periodontitis or HP intake, either alone or concurrently, on the periodontal tissue and the kidney under normal renal conditions.METHODSRats were divided into normal diet (C), HP diet (HP), tooth ligation and normal diet (P), and tooth ligation and HP diet (P+HP) groups. The mandibular first molars were ligated, and a 0.9% HP diet was provided for 12 weeks from the day of ligation. An additional group (P+HP+IFX) was administered infliximab (IFX), a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor, weekly to evaluate the TNF-α inhibitory effect.RESULTSAlveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation did not differ between the P and P+HP groups or between the C and HP groups. In the kidney, interstitial fibrosis and Col1a1 expression increased in the HP group, and ED1 expression increased in the P group, compared to the C group. Tubular basophilia, interstitial fibrosis, and the expression of Col1a1 and ED1 increased in the P+HP group compared to the other groups. The P+HP+IFX group showed a decrease in periodontal inflammation and these renal alterations compared to the P+HP group.CONCLUSIONRegardless of periodontitis, 0.9% HP intake did not affect periodontal tissue. Renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration induced by HP intake and periodontitis, respectively, worsened when combined, indicating a synergistic adverse effect. These changes were reversed by IFX, suggesting that TNF-α inhibition may alleviate renal injury caused by periodontitis and HP intake.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYOur study examined the impact of periodontitis and a 0.9% high phosphate (HP) diet, individually and together, on periodontal tissue and kidney. We divided rats into 4 groups: normal diet, HP diet, periodontitis with a normal diet, and periodontitis with an HP diet, and assessed various periodontal and renal parameters. Although we did not observe any effects of HP intake on periodontal tissue, we found that HP intake worsened kidney health by increasing fibrosis, while periodontitis did so by increasing macrophage infiltration. Combined, these conditions worsen kidney health more than when each condition exists alone, causing more tubular basophilia, fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration. However, these negative effects were reversed with TNF-α inhibition. These findings indicate that the combination of periodontitis and HP intake exacerbates renal damage, which can be ameliorated by TNF-α inhibition.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arwa Badahdah,Arwa Banjar,Amal Jamjoom,Mohammad Assaggaf,Lina Bahanan,Reem A Asiri,Reem Alsulami,Shatha Bamashmous,Brian L Mealey
BACKGROUNDAccurate periodontal disease diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment planning and patient care. However, variability in applying the 2017 Periodontal Classification may affect diagnostic reliability and treatment outcomes. This study investigated diagnostic accuracy and consistency among periodontists, periodontal residents, and dental interns in Saudi Arabia.METHODSForty-four participants, including 13 periodontists, 14 periodontal residents, and 17 dental interns, independently classified 25 periodontitis cases. Agreement with a gold-standard diagnosis, established by expert periodontists using the 2017 Classification System, was assessed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests with Bonferroni-adjusted z-tests were used to compare agreement levels between rater groups. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss' kappa, while Cohen's kappa was used to assess intra-rater reliability.RESULTSPeriodontists demonstrated the highest agreement with the gold standard (92.0%) for periodontitis diagnosis. Staging agreement was highest among residents (51.7%) and periodontists (49.1%). Grading accuracy was highest for grade C cases across all groups (60.7%). Underestimation was common across rater groups, with interns exhibiting the highest rates in staging (49.6%) and grading (58.3%). The second assessment demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy across all groups. Inter-rater reliability ranged from fair to moderate across rater groups (κ = 0.22-0.60). Intra-rater reliability was highest among interns, indicating substantial agreement (κ = 0.63-0.75).CONCLUSIONFindings highlight considerable variability in the application of the 2017 Periodontal Classification among dental professionals, underscoring the role of clinical experience and training in influencing diagnostic accuracy. Structured calibration and targeted educational strategies are essential to improve diagnostic consistency, minimize misclassification, and support optimal patient care.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYUnderstanding gum disease correctly is important for providing patients with the right treatments. This study looked at how accurately different groups of dental professionals - specialists in gum disease (periodontists), dentists in training (residents), and recent dental graduates (interns) - could diagnose cases of periodontitis using a new system called the 2017 Periodontal Classification. A group of expert periodontists created a "gold-standard" diagnosis for comparison. We found that periodontists were the most accurate, while interns had more difficulty correctly identifying disease severity. Across all groups, many participants underestimated how serious the cases were. Participants were better at recognizing advanced disease compared to milder forms. When the participants repeated the diagnosis of the cases later, their accuracy improved, suggesting that practice and training help. Our results show that diagnosing gum disease can vary depending on exp
{"title":"Evaluating diagnostic accuracy and consistency in applying the 2017 periodontal classification among dental professionals.","authors":"Arwa Badahdah,Arwa Banjar,Amal Jamjoom,Mohammad Assaggaf,Lina Bahanan,Reem A Asiri,Reem Alsulami,Shatha Bamashmous,Brian L Mealey","doi":"10.1002/jper.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70011","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAccurate periodontal disease diagnosis is essential for optimal treatment planning and patient care. However, variability in applying the 2017 Periodontal Classification may affect diagnostic reliability and treatment outcomes. This study investigated diagnostic accuracy and consistency among periodontists, periodontal residents, and dental interns in Saudi Arabia.METHODSForty-four participants, including 13 periodontists, 14 periodontal residents, and 17 dental interns, independently classified 25 periodontitis cases. Agreement with a gold-standard diagnosis, established by expert periodontists using the 2017 Classification System, was assessed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests with Bonferroni-adjusted z-tests were used to compare agreement levels between rater groups. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Fleiss' kappa, while Cohen's kappa was used to assess intra-rater reliability.RESULTSPeriodontists demonstrated the highest agreement with the gold standard (92.0%) for periodontitis diagnosis. Staging agreement was highest among residents (51.7%) and periodontists (49.1%). Grading accuracy was highest for grade C cases across all groups (60.7%). Underestimation was common across rater groups, with interns exhibiting the highest rates in staging (49.6%) and grading (58.3%). The second assessment demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy across all groups. Inter-rater reliability ranged from fair to moderate across rater groups (κ = 0.22-0.60). Intra-rater reliability was highest among interns, indicating substantial agreement (κ = 0.63-0.75).CONCLUSIONFindings highlight considerable variability in the application of the 2017 Periodontal Classification among dental professionals, underscoring the role of clinical experience and training in influencing diagnostic accuracy. Structured calibration and targeted educational strategies are essential to improve diagnostic consistency, minimize misclassification, and support optimal patient care.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYUnderstanding gum disease correctly is important for providing patients with the right treatments. This study looked at how accurately different groups of dental professionals - specialists in gum disease (periodontists), dentists in training (residents), and recent dental graduates (interns) - could diagnose cases of periodontitis using a new system called the 2017 Periodontal Classification. A group of expert periodontists created a \"gold-standard\" diagnosis for comparison. We found that periodontists were the most accurate, while interns had more difficulty correctly identifying disease severity. Across all groups, many participants underestimated how serious the cases were. Participants were better at recognizing advanced disease compared to milder forms. When the participants repeated the diagnosis of the cases later, their accuracy improved, suggesting that practice and training help. Our results show that diagnosing gum disease can vary depending on exp","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDRecent advancements in bone tissue biomarker research have identified 2 promising molecules: Dickkopf-1 and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5. This study aims to evaluate the levels of these biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis and to assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on these biomarkers.METHODSA total of 99 adult subjects were included in this study, divided into 3 groups: 33 periodontally healthy individuals, 33 with gingivitis, and 33 with periodontitis. Patients in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid levels of biomarkers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 6-8 weeks post-treatment.RESULTSPre-treatment Dickkopf-1 levels were found to be highest in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Conversely, secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels were highest in the healthy group (p < 0.001). Post-treatment, a statistically significant reduction in Dickkopf-1 levels was observed in the gingivitis (p = 0.015) and periodontitis (p < 0.001) groups, while secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels significantly increased (respectively, p = 0.008 and p < 0.001). A statistically significant weak negative correlation was identified between total Dickkopf-1 and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels (τ = -0.117, p = 0.027). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess diagnostic performance between periodontal health and periodontitis revealed an area under the curve of 0.938 for Dickkopf-1 and 0.803 for secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5.CONCLUSIONSThese biomarkers could serve as valuable biomarkers in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly affects the levels of these biomarkers, indicating their potential utility in monitoring therapeutic outcomes.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYIn the human body, bone tissue is in a state of constant balance of production and destruction. This balance supports the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of the skeleton and the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels. Bone markers have been developed to monitor various bone diseases and the effect of treatments without any interventional procedures. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 (sFRP5) are two of the current bone markers that play a role in the balance of bone formation and destruction in the human body. The presence of these molecules in periodontal diseases, which cause inflammation and bone destruction in the gingiva surrounding the teeth, is not yet clear. In this study, Dkk-1 and sFRP5 levels were investigated in periodontal diseases, and the effect of treatment of periodontal diseases on these molecules was evaluated. In the transition from periodontal disease to health, Dkk-1 levels decreased while sFRP5 levels increased. Consistent
{"title":"The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on Dickkopf-1 and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels.","authors":"Sukran Acipinar,Kubilay Baris","doi":"10.1002/jper.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70005","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDRecent advancements in bone tissue biomarker research have identified 2 promising molecules: Dickkopf-1 and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5. This study aims to evaluate the levels of these biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis and to assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on these biomarkers.METHODSA total of 99 adult subjects were included in this study, divided into 3 groups: 33 periodontally healthy individuals, 33 with gingivitis, and 33 with periodontitis. Patients in the gingivitis and periodontitis groups received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid levels of biomarkers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 6-8 weeks post-treatment.RESULTSPre-treatment Dickkopf-1 levels were found to be highest in the periodontitis group (p < 0.001). Conversely, secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels were highest in the healthy group (p < 0.001). Post-treatment, a statistically significant reduction in Dickkopf-1 levels was observed in the gingivitis (p = 0.015) and periodontitis (p < 0.001) groups, while secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels significantly increased (respectively, p = 0.008 and p < 0.001). A statistically significant weak negative correlation was identified between total Dickkopf-1 and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 levels (τ = -0.117, p = 0.027). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess diagnostic performance between periodontal health and periodontitis revealed an area under the curve of 0.938 for Dickkopf-1 and 0.803 for secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5.CONCLUSIONSThese biomarkers could serve as valuable biomarkers in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly affects the levels of these biomarkers, indicating their potential utility in monitoring therapeutic outcomes.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYIn the human body, bone tissue is in a state of constant balance of production and destruction. This balance supports the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of the skeleton and the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels. Bone markers have been developed to monitor various bone diseases and the effect of treatments without any interventional procedures. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 (sFRP5) are two of the current bone markers that play a role in the balance of bone formation and destruction in the human body. The presence of these molecules in periodontal diseases, which cause inflammation and bone destruction in the gingiva surrounding the teeth, is not yet clear. In this study, Dkk-1 and sFRP5 levels were investigated in periodontal diseases, and the effect of treatment of periodontal diseases on these molecules was evaluated. In the transition from periodontal disease to health, Dkk-1 levels decreased while sFRP5 levels increased. Consistent","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Mainas,Giuseppe Grosso,Jason Di Giorgio,Joshua Hurley,Meaad Mohammed Alamri,Gaetano Isola,Mark Ide,Luigi Nibali
BACKGROUNDEvidence is emerging about the effects of a balanced nutrition in maintaining periodontal health. The aim of this project was to investigate the association between diet, severity of periodontitis, and periodontal and systemic inflammation.METHODSTwo hundred consecutive hospital patients underwent a full periodontal assessment, had blood samples taken, and filled out a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was assessed through the FFQ. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 were analyzed. Correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test the relationships between dietary factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and clinical data.RESULTSA total of 195 patients had complete data, with 112 participants categorized as highly adherent to the Mediterranean diet. Multivariate analysis showed that low adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated to periodontitis stage III-IV (p = 0.055, odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.89); among individual food groups, more frequent red meat consumption was independently associated with more severe periodontitis stage (p = 0.042, OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.03-7.41). Periodontal disease severity showed moderate associations with both circulating hs-CRP and IL-6 in the univariate analysis, but only IL-6 association was confirmed after adjusting for confounders. Consumption of several plant-derived food groups was significantly inversely related to increased levels of hs-CRP, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that low adherence to Mediterranean diet and higher red meat consumption may be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Studies with a larger sample size are needed to further clarify the current findings.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThis study explored how everyday eating habits might impact gum health and overall inflammation. We evaluated 200 hospital patients by performing dental exams, taking blood samples, and asking them about their diets through questionnaires. In particular, we looked at how closely people followed a Mediterranean-style diet, known for its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Our findings revealed that patients who did not follow the Mediterranean diet as closely tended to have more severe gum disease, especially if they consumed red meat frequently. We also observed that higher levels of a key inflammatory marker, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), were linked to worse gum health, while diets rich in plant-based foods were associated with lower levels of various inflammatory markers. These results suggest that a balanced, Mediterranean-type diet could be important in reducing gum disease and systemic inflammation. Further studies with larger groups are needed to confirm these promising observations.
{"title":"Relationship between Mediterranean diet and periodontal inflammation in a UK population: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Giuseppe Mainas,Giuseppe Grosso,Jason Di Giorgio,Joshua Hurley,Meaad Mohammed Alamri,Gaetano Isola,Mark Ide,Luigi Nibali","doi":"10.1002/jper.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70016","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDEvidence is emerging about the effects of a balanced nutrition in maintaining periodontal health. The aim of this project was to investigate the association between diet, severity of periodontitis, and periodontal and systemic inflammation.METHODSTwo hundred consecutive hospital patients underwent a full periodontal assessment, had blood samples taken, and filled out a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was assessed through the FFQ. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 were analyzed. Correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to test the relationships between dietary factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and clinical data.RESULTSA total of 195 patients had complete data, with 112 participants categorized as highly adherent to the Mediterranean diet. Multivariate analysis showed that low adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated to periodontitis stage III-IV (p = 0.055, odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.89); among individual food groups, more frequent red meat consumption was independently associated with more severe periodontitis stage (p = 0.042, OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.03-7.41). Periodontal disease severity showed moderate associations with both circulating hs-CRP and IL-6 in the univariate analysis, but only IL-6 association was confirmed after adjusting for confounders. Consumption of several plant-derived food groups was significantly inversely related to increased levels of hs-CRP, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that low adherence to Mediterranean diet and higher red meat consumption may be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Studies with a larger sample size are needed to further clarify the current findings.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThis study explored how everyday eating habits might impact gum health and overall inflammation. We evaluated 200 hospital patients by performing dental exams, taking blood samples, and asking them about their diets through questionnaires. In particular, we looked at how closely people followed a Mediterranean-style diet, known for its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Our findings revealed that patients who did not follow the Mediterranean diet as closely tended to have more severe gum disease, especially if they consumed red meat frequently. We also observed that higher levels of a key inflammatory marker, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), were linked to worse gum health, while diets rich in plant-based foods were associated with lower levels of various inflammatory markers. These results suggest that a balanced, Mediterranean-type diet could be important in reducing gum disease and systemic inflammation. Further studies with larger groups are needed to confirm these promising observations.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDTo explore the effects and mechanisms of melatonin on orthodontically induced root resorption (OIIRR) by focusing its role on IL-6 secretion in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).METHODSCytokine array was used to identify the key inflammatory cytokine secreted by hPDLCs under excessive compressive force. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) were conducted to examine the key proteins in the YAP/P65/IL-6 signaling pathway both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor, was used to confirm the involvement of p-YAP and its downstream signaling factor p-P65. Root resorption volume was assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).RESULTSCytokine array revealed that excessive compressive force significantly elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in hPDLCs. IHC indicated that both IL-6 and melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) were highly expressed in hPDLCs on the compressive side in the mouse OIIRR model. in vitro experiments demonstrated that the levels of p-YAP and p-P65 significantly increased when compressive force was applied to hPDLCs, and melatonin reversed this effect. Furthermore, Verteporfin produced effects similar to melatonin on IL-6 expression and the YAP/P65 signaling pathway. Micro-CT analysis showed noticeable root resorption in the mouse OIIRR model, which was significantly reduced following intraperitoneal injection of melatonin. IHC staining further confirmed that the YAP/P65/IL-6 signaling pathway was inhibited on the compressive side of the mouse OIIRR model after melatonin injection.CONCLUSIONSMelatonin was able to inhibit root resorption in the mouse OIIRR model and reduced IL-6 secretion in hPDLCs under compressive force by suppressing the YAP/P65 signaling pathway.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThis study explored how melatonin, a natural hormone, protects against root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Specifically, we focused on how excessive compressive force induces IL-6 production and root resorption in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. in vitro, we found that applying compressive force to hPDLCs increased the release of IL-6, a molecule that promotes inflammation and bone resorption. Melatonin, however, reduced IL-6 levels by blocking the YAP/P65 signaling pathway. In vivo, we developed a mouse model of orthodontically induced root resorption, in which melatonin was injected intraperitoneally. Results showed that melatonin reduced root resorption and decreased IL-6 secretion in the periodontal tissues. Additionally, proteins of the YAP/P65 signaling pathway and the RANKL/OPG system were involved in vivo. Our findings suggest that melatonin could be a promising preventive approach to protect against root resorption during orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"Melatonin inhibits orthodontically induced root resorption through YAP/P65/IL-6 signaling pathway.","authors":"Tian Wei,Jialin Liu,Peishen Chen,Jie Zhang,Dongyang Li,Liyan Liu,Runze Zhang,Chunmiao Jiang","doi":"10.1002/jper.24-0600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.24-0600","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDTo explore the effects and mechanisms of melatonin on orthodontically induced root resorption (OIIRR) by focusing its role on IL-6 secretion in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).METHODSCytokine array was used to identify the key inflammatory cytokine secreted by hPDLCs under excessive compressive force. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) were conducted to examine the key proteins in the YAP/P65/IL-6 signaling pathway both in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Verteporfin, a YAP inhibitor, was used to confirm the involvement of p-YAP and its downstream signaling factor p-P65. Root resorption volume was assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).RESULTSCytokine array revealed that excessive compressive force significantly elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in hPDLCs. IHC indicated that both IL-6 and melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) were highly expressed in hPDLCs on the compressive side in the mouse OIIRR model. in vitro experiments demonstrated that the levels of p-YAP and p-P65 significantly increased when compressive force was applied to hPDLCs, and melatonin reversed this effect. Furthermore, Verteporfin produced effects similar to melatonin on IL-6 expression and the YAP/P65 signaling pathway. Micro-CT analysis showed noticeable root resorption in the mouse OIIRR model, which was significantly reduced following intraperitoneal injection of melatonin. IHC staining further confirmed that the YAP/P65/IL-6 signaling pathway was inhibited on the compressive side of the mouse OIIRR model after melatonin injection.CONCLUSIONSMelatonin was able to inhibit root resorption in the mouse OIIRR model and reduced IL-6 secretion in hPDLCs under compressive force by suppressing the YAP/P65 signaling pathway.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYThis study explored how melatonin, a natural hormone, protects against root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Specifically, we focused on how excessive compressive force induces IL-6 production and root resorption in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. in vitro, we found that applying compressive force to hPDLCs increased the release of IL-6, a molecule that promotes inflammation and bone resorption. Melatonin, however, reduced IL-6 levels by blocking the YAP/P65 signaling pathway. In vivo, we developed a mouse model of orthodontically induced root resorption, in which melatonin was injected intraperitoneally. Results showed that melatonin reduced root resorption and decreased IL-6 secretion in the periodontal tissues. Additionally, proteins of the YAP/P65 signaling pathway and the RANKL/OPG system were involved in vivo. Our findings suggest that melatonin could be a promising preventive approach to protect against root resorption during orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"310 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDTitanium nanoparticle (TP) migration into peri-implant bone may influence osseointegration. It remains unclear how loading protocols may affect TP distribution. This study aimed to detect TP in the bone around implants undergoing different loading protocols in Macaca fascicularis.METHODSNine histological samples containing 21 implants with two loading groups were analyzed. In the delayed-loaded (DL) group (n = 16), the implants were loaded after 3 months and retrieved after 3 months, and in the immediately loaded (IL) group (n = 5), they were loaded on the day of surgery and retrieved after 3 months. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) grayscale-level detection and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) microchemical analysis were used to assess TP and bone mineralization. Regions of interest (ROI) located at the implant coronal/apical portion (100×) and at the bone-implant interface (1000×) were selected. Bone area distribution (mean% ± SD%) and titanium content were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05).RESULTSTitanium granules (2-10 µm) were detected in all regions, with a higher prevalence in the coronal portions of DL implants. In IL implant sections, bone closer to the implants showed a lower prevalence of titanium (p < 0.05). EDX analysis demonstrated a decreasing trend in titanium from the nearest areas to those more distant (up to 2.0 mm). DL implants exhibited lower percentages of mineralized bone compared to IL implants in the coronal portion (mean values 31.0 ± 13.7 and 11.6 ± 2.8) (p < 0.05). IL implants showed a higher percentage of mineralized bone (p < 0.05) in the apical region (mean values 51.8 ± 15.5 and 32.2 ± 15.6).CONCLUSIONTP were widely present in bone tissues adjacent to the implant surface, particularly at the coronal bone. In the coronal portion of the DL group, a less mineralized bone area was observed compared to the IL group, suggesting higher bone remodeling activities.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYTitanium particles were widely present in bone tissues adjacent to the implant areas, with greater distribution observed in regions experiencing significant wear (i.e., the coronal portion of the cortical bone), likely due to surgical insertion and related procedures.
{"title":"Titanium migration and bone response in loaded osseointegrated implants: ESEM-EDX analysis in Macaca fascicularis.","authors":"Fausto Zamparini,Andrea Spinelli,Maria Giovanna Gandolfi,Stefano Chersoni,Achille Tarsitano,Giovanni Badiali,Chooi Gait Toh,Carlo Prati,Georgios Romanos","doi":"10.1002/jper.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70003","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDTitanium nanoparticle (TP) migration into peri-implant bone may influence osseointegration. It remains unclear how loading protocols may affect TP distribution. This study aimed to detect TP in the bone around implants undergoing different loading protocols in Macaca fascicularis.METHODSNine histological samples containing 21 implants with two loading groups were analyzed. In the delayed-loaded (DL) group (n = 16), the implants were loaded after 3 months and retrieved after 3 months, and in the immediately loaded (IL) group (n = 5), they were loaded on the day of surgery and retrieved after 3 months. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) grayscale-level detection and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) microchemical analysis were used to assess TP and bone mineralization. Regions of interest (ROI) located at the implant coronal/apical portion (100×) and at the bone-implant interface (1000×) were selected. Bone area distribution (mean% ± SD%) and titanium content were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05).RESULTSTitanium granules (2-10 µm) were detected in all regions, with a higher prevalence in the coronal portions of DL implants. In IL implant sections, bone closer to the implants showed a lower prevalence of titanium (p < 0.05). EDX analysis demonstrated a decreasing trend in titanium from the nearest areas to those more distant (up to 2.0 mm). DL implants exhibited lower percentages of mineralized bone compared to IL implants in the coronal portion (mean values 31.0 ± 13.7 and 11.6 ± 2.8) (p < 0.05). IL implants showed a higher percentage of mineralized bone (p < 0.05) in the apical region (mean values 51.8 ± 15.5 and 32.2 ± 15.6).CONCLUSIONTP were widely present in bone tissues adjacent to the implant surface, particularly at the coronal bone. In the coronal portion of the DL group, a less mineralized bone area was observed compared to the IL group, suggesting higher bone remodeling activities.PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARYTitanium particles were widely present in bone tissues adjacent to the implant areas, with greater distribution observed in regions experiencing significant wear (i.e., the coronal portion of the cortical bone), likely due to surgical insertion and related procedures.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaolin Li, Yujun Jiang, Minglei Zhang, Hongrui Liu, Minqi Li
<p><strong>Background: </strong>CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes play a central role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, with the Treg/Th17 (regulatory T cell/T helper 17 cell) imbalance closely linked to diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD). Maxacalcitol (OCT), an analog of active vitamin D, has therapeutic effects on diseases involving Treg/Th17 imbalance. This study aimed to determine whether OCT improved DPD by restoring the Treg/Th17 imbalance via store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The DPD model was established in male C57BL/6 mice and treated with local injections or oral administration of OCT. Microcomputed tomography and flow cytometry were used to assess the alveolar bone, Treg/Th17 balance, and SOCE. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were applied to detect Treg/Th17 balance and mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCT attenuated alveolar bone loss and Treg/Th17 imbalance and enhanced the expressions of SOCE components in mice with DPD, with local injections showing more pronounced effects than oral administration. Furthermore, OCT restored the Treg/Th17 balance and improved mitochondrial dysfunction and overactivation of SOCE caused by lipopolysaccharides and high glucose. Additionally, SOCE inhibitors ameliorated mitochondrial abnormalities and Treg/Th17 imbalance under DPD conditions, whereas mitochondrial toxin and SOCE activators abolished the beneficial effects of OCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCT ameliorates Treg/Th17 imbalance via SOCE-mediated mitochondrial function, thereby effectively improving DPD.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition causing bone loss around teeth, is often more severe in individuals with diabetes due to immune system dysfunction. Specifically, diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD) involves an imbalance between two types of immune cells: regulatory T cells (Treg), which control inflammation, and T helper 17 cells (Th17), which promote inflammation. This study explored how maxacalcitol (1α,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacalcitriol, OCT), a synthetic analog of active vitamin D3, treats DPD by correcting this immune cell imbalance. Using mouse models of DPD, we found that OCT significantly reduced bone loss and restored the balance between Treg and Th17 cells. Further investigation demonstrated that OCT functions by controlling calcium (Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺) entry into cells, thereby preserving mitochondrial health. Blocking excessive Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺ entry confirmed the improvement in immune cell balance. Conversely, increased Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺ influx or disrupted mitochondrial function negated OCT's beneficial effects. Overall, OCT effectively ameliorates DPD by restoring the Treg/Th17 balance through alleviating store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE) overactivation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting it could be a promising approach for
{"title":"Maxacalcitol alleviates diabetes-associated periodontitis in male mice by restoring Treg/Th17 balance via SOCE-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.","authors":"Xiaolin Li, Yujun Jiang, Minglei Zhang, Hongrui Liu, Minqi Li","doi":"10.1002/jper.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jper.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes play a central role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, with the Treg/Th17 (regulatory T cell/T helper 17 cell) imbalance closely linked to diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD). Maxacalcitol (OCT), an analog of active vitamin D, has therapeutic effects on diseases involving Treg/Th17 imbalance. This study aimed to determine whether OCT improved DPD by restoring the Treg/Th17 imbalance via store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The DPD model was established in male C57BL/6 mice and treated with local injections or oral administration of OCT. Microcomputed tomography and flow cytometry were used to assess the alveolar bone, Treg/Th17 balance, and SOCE. Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy were applied to detect Treg/Th17 balance and mitochondrial function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCT attenuated alveolar bone loss and Treg/Th17 imbalance and enhanced the expressions of SOCE components in mice with DPD, with local injections showing more pronounced effects than oral administration. Furthermore, OCT restored the Treg/Th17 balance and improved mitochondrial dysfunction and overactivation of SOCE caused by lipopolysaccharides and high glucose. Additionally, SOCE inhibitors ameliorated mitochondrial abnormalities and Treg/Th17 imbalance under DPD conditions, whereas mitochondrial toxin and SOCE activators abolished the beneficial effects of OCT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCT ameliorates Treg/Th17 imbalance via SOCE-mediated mitochondrial function, thereby effectively improving DPD.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition causing bone loss around teeth, is often more severe in individuals with diabetes due to immune system dysfunction. Specifically, diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD) involves an imbalance between two types of immune cells: regulatory T cells (Treg), which control inflammation, and T helper 17 cells (Th17), which promote inflammation. This study explored how maxacalcitol (1α,25-dihydroxy-22-oxacalcitriol, OCT), a synthetic analog of active vitamin D3, treats DPD by correcting this immune cell imbalance. Using mouse models of DPD, we found that OCT significantly reduced bone loss and restored the balance between Treg and Th17 cells. Further investigation demonstrated that OCT functions by controlling calcium (Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺) entry into cells, thereby preserving mitochondrial health. Blocking excessive Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺ entry confirmed the improvement in immune cell balance. Conversely, increased Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺ influx or disrupted mitochondrial function negated OCT's beneficial effects. Overall, OCT effectively ameliorates DPD by restoring the Treg/Th17 balance through alleviating store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE) overactivation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting it could be a promising approach for","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundDespite growing interest in dentofacial interactions, evidence linking three‐dimensional (3D) craniofacial morphology to periodontal phenotypes remains sparse. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate correlations between maxillary anterior periodontal parameters and 3D craniofacial morphology in a Chinese population.MethodsParticipants underwent cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scans to quantify bone thickness (BT) (at 2 mm [BT1] and 4 mm [BT2] apical to the alveolar crest), gingival thickness (GT) (at cemento‐enamel junction [GTcej] and bone crest [GTbc]), and periodontal supra‐crestal tissue height (PSTH). A 3D facial scanner measured vertical dimensions (facial height [FH], morphological facial height [MFH], nasal height [NH], lip height [LH]), and proportional indices (facial index [FI], morphological facial index [MFI], nasal index [NI], and lip index [LI]). Pearson correlations were performed to determine relationships between periodontal and craniofacial variables with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsA total of 96 adults (576 maxillary anterior teeth) participated in this study. NI, FH, MFH, and NH correlated positively with BT1 (r > 0.3, p < 0.05) and BT2 (r > 0.3, p < 0.05). Craniofacial indices (FI, MFI, and NI) exhibited significant positive associations with GTcej and GTbc (r > 0.3, p < 0.05), except lip‐related parameters. FI and MFI showed significant correlations with PSTH (r > 0.3, p < 0.05).ConclusionsBrachyfacial morphology and broader/shorter nasal dimensions were found associated with thinner gingiva, reduced alveolar bone, and lower PSTH in the maxillary anterior region. These findings highlight craniofacial morphology as a potential predictor of periodontal vulnerability.Plain Language SummaryPeople with shorter, broader facial structures tend to have thinner gum and bone tissues around teeth compared to those with longer, narrower faces, meaning their facial shape could help dentists predict and personalize treatments to avoid gum problems or implant issues.
尽管人们对牙面相互作用的兴趣越来越大，但将三维（3D）颅面形态与牙周表型联系起来的证据仍然很少。本横断面研究旨在探讨中国人群上颌前牙周参数与三维颅面形态之间的相关性。方法通过锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）和口腔内扫描来量化骨厚度（2 mm [BT1]和4 mm [BT2]尖牙槽嵴），牙龈厚度（GT）（在牙骨质-牙釉质交界处[GTcej]和骨嵴[GTbc]）和牙周嵴上组织高度（PSTH）。3D面部扫描仪测量了垂直尺寸（面部高度[FH]、形态面部高度[MFH]、鼻高[NH]、唇高[LH]）和比例指数（面部指数[FI]、形态面部指数[MFI]、鼻指数[NI]和嘴唇指数[LI]）。采用Pearson相关性来确定牙周和颅面变量之间的关系，并对多重比较进行Bonferroni校正（α = 0.05）。结果共96例成人上颌前牙576颗。NI、FH、MFH、NH与BT1 （r > 0.3, p < 0.05）、BT2 （r > 0.3, p < 0.05）呈正相关。颅面指数（FI、MFI和NI）与GTcej和GTbc呈显著正相关（r > 0.3, p < 0.05），但唇相关参数除外。FI、MFI与PSTH呈显著相关（r > 0.3, p < 0.05）。结论近面形态和鼻宽/鼻短与上颌前区牙龈变薄、牙槽骨减少、PSTH降低有关。这些发现强调颅面形态是牙周易损性的潜在预测因子。与长脸窄脸的人相比，短脸宽脸的人牙齿周围的牙龈和骨组织往往更薄，这意味着他们的脸型可以帮助牙医预测和个性化治疗，以避免牙龈问题或种植问题。
{"title":"Three‐dimensional craniofacial morphology predicts periodontal tissue dimensions using the facial scanner","authors":"Kaijin Lin, Yongqing Guo, Minqian Zheng, Yue Tang, Jin Yang, Dong Wu, Jianbin Guo","doi":"10.1002/jper.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70006","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDespite growing interest in dentofacial interactions, evidence linking three‐dimensional (3D) craniofacial morphology to periodontal phenotypes remains sparse. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate correlations between maxillary anterior periodontal parameters and 3D craniofacial morphology in a Chinese population.MethodsParticipants underwent cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scans to quantify bone thickness (BT) (at 2 mm [BT<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>] and 4 mm [BT<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>] apical to the alveolar crest), gingival thickness (GT) (at cemento‐enamel junction [GT<jats:sub>cej</jats:sub>] and bone crest [GT<jats:sub>bc</jats:sub>]), and periodontal supra‐crestal tissue height (PSTH). A 3D facial scanner measured vertical dimensions (facial height [FH], morphological facial height [MFH], nasal height [NH], lip height [LH]), and proportional indices (facial index [FI], morphological facial index [MFI], nasal index [NI], and lip index [LI]). Pearson correlations were performed to determine relationships between periodontal and craniofacial variables with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (<jats:italic>α</jats:italic> = 0.05).ResultsA total of 96 adults (576 maxillary anterior teeth) participated in this study. NI, FH, MFH, and NH correlated positively with BT<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> > 0.3, <jats:italic>p </jats:italic>< 0.05) and BT<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> > 0.3, <jats:italic>p </jats:italic>< 0.05). Craniofacial indices (FI, MFI, and NI) exhibited significant positive associations with GT<jats:sub>cej</jats:sub> and GT<jats:sub>bc</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> > 0.3, <jats:italic>p </jats:italic>< 0.05), except lip‐related parameters. FI and MFI showed significant correlations with PSTH (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> > 0.3, <jats:italic>p </jats:italic>< 0.05).ConclusionsBrachyfacial morphology and broader/shorter nasal dimensions were found associated with thinner gingiva, reduced alveolar bone, and lower PSTH in the maxillary anterior region. These findings highlight craniofacial morphology as a potential predictor of periodontal vulnerability.Plain Language SummaryPeople with shorter, broader facial structures tend to have thinner gum and bone tissues around teeth compared to those with longer, narrower faces, meaning their facial shape could help dentists predict and personalize treatments to avoid gum problems or implant issues.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to study the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum progranulin (PGRN) levels in the early healing phases.MethodsThe study included periodontitis (test) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) and periodontal health (control) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) groups. PGRN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10 levels were assessed at baseline, at the 1st, 2nd, and 14th day, and 1st and 3rd month after NSPT in serum and GCF samples by Luminex bead‐based multiplex immunoassay method.ResultsGCF PGRN, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, VEGF, and IL‐10 levels were higher in the test group than in the control group at baseline (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). GCF PGRN and VEGF levels decreased from day 14 after NSPT, while IL‐1β levels decreased gradually from day 2 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). TNF‐α levels rapidly increased on day 1 after NSPT and gradually decreased from day 14 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). GCF PGRN/ TNF‐α molar ratio levels dramatically decreased from baseline day 1 after treatment and then increased gradually from day 14 to the 1st month (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). There were no differences in serum parameters between groups and among time points (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≥ 0.05), while a strong positive correlation was detected between GCF PGRN and IL‐1β, and TNF‐α levels (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) at baseline.ConclusionsGCF PGRN total amount levels decreased gradually at each time point during the early healing period after NSPT, in parallel with IL‐1β. Changes in GCF PGRN and PGRN/TNF‐α molar ratio may be associated with periodontal disease and post‐treatment outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05535049).Plain language summaryProgranulin (PGRN) is a protein with complex physiological functions, producing granulin peptides that promote inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate PGRN levels in the presence of periodontal disease and the local and systemic changes after following non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The study included periodontitis (test) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) and periodontal health (control) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) groups. PGRN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL) ‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10 levels were assessed in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples at baseline and at various time points after NSPT. GCF PGRN total amount levels were higher in the presence of periodontitis. Their levels decreased after NSPT from the 14th day in patients with periodontitis in parallel with inflammatory and regenerative mediators. However, PGRN/TNF‐α molar ratio levels increased after treatment at the end of the early healing phase. Molecular mediators hold promise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in
{"title":"The effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on progranulin levels","authors":"Aysegul Sari, Pasquale Santamaria, Luigi Nibali","doi":"10.1002/jper.11396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.11396","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe aim of this study was to study the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum progranulin (PGRN) levels in the early healing phases.MethodsThe study included periodontitis (test) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) and periodontal health (control) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) groups. PGRN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10 levels were assessed at baseline, at the 1st, 2nd, and 14th day, and 1st and 3rd month after NSPT in serum and GCF samples by Luminex bead‐based multiplex immunoassay method.ResultsGCF PGRN, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, VEGF, and IL‐10 levels were higher in the test group than in the control group at baseline (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). GCF PGRN and VEGF levels decreased from day 14 after NSPT, while IL‐1β levels decreased gradually from day 2 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). TNF‐α levels rapidly increased on day 1 after NSPT and gradually decreased from day 14 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). GCF PGRN/ TNF‐α molar ratio levels dramatically decreased from baseline day 1 after treatment and then increased gradually from day 14 to the 1st month (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). There were no differences in serum parameters between groups and among time points (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ≥ 0.05), while a strong positive correlation was detected between GCF PGRN and IL‐1β, and TNF‐α levels (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001) at baseline.ConclusionsGCF PGRN total amount levels decreased gradually at each time point during the early healing period after NSPT, in parallel with IL‐1β. Changes in GCF PGRN and PGRN/TNF‐α molar ratio may be associated with periodontal disease and post‐treatment outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05535049).Plain language summaryProgranulin (PGRN) is a protein with complex physiological functions, producing granulin peptides that promote inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate PGRN levels in the presence of periodontal disease and the local and systemic changes after following non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). The study included periodontitis (test) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) and periodontal health (control) (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 24) groups. PGRN, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL) ‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and IL‐10 levels were assessed in serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples at baseline and at various time points after NSPT. GCF PGRN total amount levels were higher in the presence of periodontitis. Their levels decreased after NSPT from the 14th day in patients with periodontitis in parallel with inflammatory and regenerative mediators. However, PGRN/TNF‐α molar ratio levels increased after treatment at the end of the early healing phase. Molecular mediators hold promise as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alba Regueira‐Iglesias, Berta Suárez‐Rodríguez, Triana Blanco‐Pintos, Alba Sánchez‐Barco, Marta Relvas, Carlos Balsa‐Castro, Inmaculada Tomás
BackgroundEvidence on the 16S metabarcoding of supragingival, subgingival, and salivary microbiomes in periodontal health remains limited. We aimed to analyze the diversity and potential of machine‐learning models of supragingival, subgingival, and salivary microbiomes in periodontal health.MethodsA total of 848 samples (supragingival = 210; subgingival = 155; saliva = 483) from 491 periodontally healthy subjects were included. Publicly available Illumina sequences were processed with mothur, and taxonomy was assigned using an oral‐specific database. Random forest (RF) models were built on the training set (2/3 of the samples) using a 3‐fold cross‐validation. They were tested on the test set (1/3).ResultsA total of 121 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) presented with differential abundances between the two types of plaque, 212 between the supragingival and saliva samples, and 160 between the subgingival and saliva (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.01). Furthermore, the supragingival versus subgingival model consisted of five ASVs. The performance parameters on the test set were area under the curve (AUC) = 0.908, accuracy (ACC) = 84.30%, sensitivity = 95.71%, and specificity = 68.63%. Both the supragingival and subgingival versus saliva models also had five ASVs. These two models revealed similar performance (AUC = 0.992 and 0.986, ACC > 95%, sensitivity > 90%, specificity > 95%).ConclusionAlthough supragingival and subgingival bacterial profiles diverged only modestly, primarily due to taxa with small effect sizes, they were both compositionally distinct from the salivary microbiome. RF models accurately classified samples by niche, with higher performance in distinguishing saliva from plaques. Specific ASVs from <jats:italic>Escherichia</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Granulicatella</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Treponema</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcaceae</jats:italic> [XI][G‐9], and <jats:italic>Prevotella</jats:italic> were identified in subgingival plaque, while <jats:italic>Oribacterium</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Solobacterium</jats:italic> were identified in saliva, indicating potential niche‐specific microbial signatures in periodontal health.Plain Language SummaryMapping oral microbes in relation to periodontal health is essential for microbiome‐based diagnostics and the development of new preventive/therapeutic strategies. Our two‐by‐two predictive models demonstrated that a small set of bacterial ASVs can accurately classify periodontally healthy samples according to their oral niche. Notably, models distinguishing saliva from dental plaques achieved superior performance compared to those discriminating between plaques. This likely reflects the greater resemblance in dominant microbial taxa between the two plaque niches. These findings underscore the potential of machine‐learning approaches to identify key microbial signatures and highlight the predictive ASVs as promi
{"title":"Diversity and random forest models of oral microbiomes in periodontal health using publicly available data","authors":"Alba Regueira‐Iglesias, Berta Suárez‐Rodríguez, Triana Blanco‐Pintos, Alba Sánchez‐Barco, Marta Relvas, Carlos Balsa‐Castro, Inmaculada Tomás","doi":"10.1002/jper.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.70000","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundEvidence on the 16S metabarcoding of supragingival, subgingival, and salivary microbiomes in periodontal health remains limited. We aimed to analyze the diversity and potential of machine‐learning models of supragingival, subgingival, and salivary microbiomes in periodontal health.MethodsA total of 848 samples (supragingival = 210; subgingival = 155; saliva = 483) from 491 periodontally healthy subjects were included. Publicly available Illumina sequences were processed with mothur, and taxonomy was assigned using an oral‐specific database. Random forest (RF) models were built on the training set (2/3 of the samples) using a 3‐fold cross‐validation. They were tested on the test set (1/3).ResultsA total of 121 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) presented with differential abundances between the two types of plaque, 212 between the supragingival and saliva samples, and 160 between the subgingival and saliva (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.01). Furthermore, the supragingival versus subgingival model consisted of five ASVs. The performance parameters on the test set were area under the curve (AUC) = 0.908, accuracy (ACC) = 84.30%, sensitivity = 95.71%, and specificity = 68.63%. Both the supragingival and subgingival versus saliva models also had five ASVs. These two models revealed similar performance (AUC = 0.992 and 0.986, ACC > 95%, sensitivity > 90%, specificity > 95%).ConclusionAlthough supragingival and subgingival bacterial profiles diverged only modestly, primarily due to taxa with small effect sizes, they were both compositionally distinct from the salivary microbiome. RF models accurately classified samples by niche, with higher performance in distinguishing saliva from plaques. Specific ASVs from <jats:italic>Escherichia</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Granulicatella</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Treponema</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcaceae</jats:italic> [XI][G‐9], and <jats:italic>Prevotella</jats:italic> were identified in subgingival plaque, while <jats:italic>Oribacterium</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Solobacterium</jats:italic> were identified in saliva, indicating potential niche‐specific microbial signatures in periodontal health.Plain Language SummaryMapping oral microbes in relation to periodontal health is essential for microbiome‐based diagnostics and the development of new preventive/therapeutic strategies. Our two‐by‐two predictive models demonstrated that a small set of bacterial ASVs can accurately classify periodontally healthy samples according to their oral niche. Notably, models distinguishing saliva from dental plaques achieved superior performance compared to those discriminating between plaques. This likely reflects the greater resemblance in dominant microbial taxa between the two plaque niches. These findings underscore the potential of machine‐learning approaches to identify key microbial signatures and highlight the predictive ASVs as promi","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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