Marta M. A. Pereira, Rafael Scaf de Molon, Valentim A. R. Barão, Jamil A. Shibli, Anton Sculean, Flavia Q. Pirih, Erica D. de Avila
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition occurring in the supportive tissues, is triggered by a dysbiotic biofilm that grows on implant and/or abutment surfaces. Consequently, the entire surface becomes a notorious culprit, fostering bacterial adhesion that might lead to progressive loss of supporting bone. To combat peri-implantitis, research groups worldwide have diligently pursued the development of new antimicrobial coatings. However, for the successful development of coating materials, it is crucial to clarify their intended function. In this review, we propose a clear classification of coating strategies aimed at either preventing or treating peri-implantitis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We first delve deep within the concepts of prevention and treatment, as well as the physicochemical properties and biological requirements of each dental implant component for interacting with host tissue cells, to unravel and guide materials and technique complexity according to each purpose.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>From a preventive standpoint, the goal is to impede disease initiation. This requires coating materials that can withstand the hostile oral environment indefinitely. In the treatment category, where the disease is already established, the coating material should act directly at the infected site. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the new antimicrobial coating must respect the properties required by each part of the implant to not compromise the interaction of the bone-biomaterial and soft tissue-biomaterial interfaces.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Despite considerable efforts in designing antimicrobial coatings, commercial success has remained elusive thus far. This underscores the need to consider essential components to facilitate the construction, validation, and eventual clinical potential of antimicrobial coatings for future marketing.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3> <p>In this review, we have raised an essential point about the importance of considering both biological and chemical challenges in the development of antimicrobial coatings for preventing and treating peri-implantitis. From a preventive perspective, these coatings need to be designed to withstand the complex environment of the oral cavity while maintaining their integrity and functionality. This requires coatings that can resist changes in environmental factors. Conversely, in the treatment category, material coatings need to be responsive t
{"title":"Surveying coating strategies for peri-implantitis management: Clinical implications and classificatory approaches","authors":"Marta M. A. Pereira, Rafael Scaf de Molon, Valentim A. R. Barão, Jamil A. Shibli, Anton Sculean, Flavia Q. Pirih, Erica D. de Avila","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0462","DOIUrl":"10.1002/JPER.24-0462","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peri-implantitis, an inflammatory condition occurring in the supportive tissues, is triggered by a dysbiotic biofilm that grows on implant and/or abutment surfaces. Consequently, the entire surface becomes a notorious culprit, fostering bacterial adhesion that might lead to progressive loss of supporting bone. To combat peri-implantitis, research groups worldwide have diligently pursued the development of new antimicrobial coatings. However, for the successful development of coating materials, it is crucial to clarify their intended function. In this review, we propose a clear classification of coating strategies aimed at either preventing or treating peri-implantitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We first delve deep within the concepts of prevention and treatment, as well as the physicochemical properties and biological requirements of each dental implant component for interacting with host tissue cells, to unravel and guide materials and technique complexity according to each purpose.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From a preventive standpoint, the goal is to impede disease initiation. This requires coating materials that can withstand the hostile oral environment indefinitely. In the treatment category, where the disease is already established, the coating material should act directly at the infected site. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the new antimicrobial coating must respect the properties required by each part of the implant to not compromise the interaction of the bone-biomaterial and soft tissue-biomaterial interfaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite considerable efforts in designing antimicrobial coatings, commercial success has remained elusive thus far. This underscores the need to consider essential components to facilitate the construction, validation, and eventual clinical potential of antimicrobial coatings for future marketing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this review, we have raised an essential point about the importance of considering both biological and chemical challenges in the development of antimicrobial coatings for preventing and treating peri-implantitis. From a preventive perspective, these coatings need to be designed to withstand the complex environment of the oral cavity while maintaining their integrity and functionality. This requires coatings that can resist changes in environmental factors. Conversely, in the treatment category, material coatings need to be responsive t","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"96 10","pages":"1077-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaret O Simonsen,Michael P Mills,Brian L Mealey,Lea El Hachem,Hassem Geha,Kerri Font,Charles A Powell
BACKGROUNDThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging in detecting radiographic and morphological graft changes compared to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) imaging. Additionally, the study aims to assess the distribution of graft material and the extent of resorption occurring between baseline and 6 months post-implant placement following transcrestal sinus augmentation.METHODSThis study employed a transcrestal approach utilizing an osseodensification protocol for sinus augmentation with mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Immediately post-operatively, a standardized periapical radiograph (PA) was taken using a standardized paralleling device with bite registration material. Furthermore, a low-volume cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiograph was obtained. Following a 6-month healing period, both radiographs were repeated for analysis and comparison to baseline parameters.RESULTSA total of 22 subjects completed the study. At 6 months post-surgery, PA evaluations indicated a reduction in apical graft height (AGH) of 55.9%, endo-sinus bone gain (ESBG) reduction of 29.6%, and elevated membrane apex (EMA) reduction of 8.4%. CBCT analysis showed slightly higher reductions, with AGH, ESBG, and EMA reductions of 60.4%, 32.6%, and 12.2%, respectively. A paired t-test comparing the accuracy of the 2D and 3D models' ability to detect changes in graft material resulted in a p-value of 0.2168.CONCLUSIONSPeriapical imaging is relatively accurate when standardized, whereas CBCT provides a more precise representation of the graft material distribution and reduction. Significant reductions in AGH, ESBG, and EMA were observed at 6 months, with PAs indicating less change in bone augmentation compared to CBCT.CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIERNCT06296459 PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The removal of posterior teeth results in expansion of the maxillary sinus, which can limit the bony support for dental implants. To overcome this, the maxillary sinus can be augmented through various techniques and with various materials. This study evaluated augmenting the sinus with a transcrestal approach utilizing a freeze-dried bone allograft. At 6 months postoperatively, x-ray evaluation demonstrated a reduction in graft height and endo-sinus bone gain. Comparison of imaging techniques revealed statistical accuracy of both 2D and 3D models to detect changes in the graft material.
{"title":"Radiographic changes in the maxillary sinus following closed sinus augmentation.","authors":"Jaret O Simonsen,Michael P Mills,Brian L Mealey,Lea El Hachem,Hassem Geha,Kerri Font,Charles A Powell","doi":"10.1002/jper.11376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.11376","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) imaging in detecting radiographic and morphological graft changes compared to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) imaging. Additionally, the study aims to assess the distribution of graft material and the extent of resorption occurring between baseline and 6 months post-implant placement following transcrestal sinus augmentation.METHODSThis study employed a transcrestal approach utilizing an osseodensification protocol for sinus augmentation with mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Immediately post-operatively, a standardized periapical radiograph (PA) was taken using a standardized paralleling device with bite registration material. Furthermore, a low-volume cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiograph was obtained. Following a 6-month healing period, both radiographs were repeated for analysis and comparison to baseline parameters.RESULTSA total of 22 subjects completed the study. At 6 months post-surgery, PA evaluations indicated a reduction in apical graft height (AGH) of 55.9%, endo-sinus bone gain (ESBG) reduction of 29.6%, and elevated membrane apex (EMA) reduction of 8.4%. CBCT analysis showed slightly higher reductions, with AGH, ESBG, and EMA reductions of 60.4%, 32.6%, and 12.2%, respectively. A paired t-test comparing the accuracy of the 2D and 3D models' ability to detect changes in graft material resulted in a p-value of 0.2168.CONCLUSIONSPeriapical imaging is relatively accurate when standardized, whereas CBCT provides a more precise representation of the graft material distribution and reduction. Significant reductions in AGH, ESBG, and EMA were observed at 6 months, with PAs indicating less change in bone augmentation compared to CBCT.CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIERNCT06296459 PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: The removal of posterior teeth results in expansion of the maxillary sinus, which can limit the bony support for dental implants. To overcome this, the maxillary sinus can be augmented through various techniques and with various materials. This study evaluated augmenting the sinus with a transcrestal approach utilizing a freeze-dried bone allograft. At 6 months postoperatively, x-ray evaluation demonstrated a reduction in graft height and endo-sinus bone gain. Comparison of imaging techniques revealed statistical accuracy of both 2D and 3D models to detect changes in the graft material.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingjun Yan, Bingqin Xie, Yanfen Li, Zilin Liu, Yu Huang, Baochang He, Yu Qiu, Lan Luo, Fuhua Yan, Fa Chen
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>This study aimed to provide an updated assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of oral disorders from 1990 to 2021, and forecast trends for the next 30 years.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD) 2021. The changing trends in the burden of oral disorders and subtypes were estimated using percentage change. The Nordpred model based on the age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the burden of oral disorders over the next 30 years.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>From 1990 to 2021, all oral disorders exhibited a 35.54% incidence, reaching 3.74 billion cases. Regional analysis revealed that Tropical Latin America and Southeast Asia had higher age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR). Dental caries in permanent teeth increased by 6.0% in the ASIR, while deciduous teeth caries declined by 7.83%. Periodontal disease incidence surged by 76.32% to 89.6 million cases, with discrepancies between sexes—1.05% decrease in males and a 1.14% increase in females. Edentulism incidence rose dramatically by 93.56%, totaling 26.5 million cases. Projections for the next 30 years suggest a continued rise in oral disorder cases, with the ASIR expected to rise, particularly in periodontal diseases.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The rising global burden of oral disorders, notably periodontal diseases, remains a significant public health challenge. Factors such as poor oral hygiene and disparities in healthcare access might contribute to these trends. Targeted preventive measures, including community education and alongside partnerships between researchers and policy-makers, are crucial for mitigating their impact on public health.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3> <p>Our study examines the increasing global impact of oral diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predicts their trajectory over the next 30 years. We analyzed data on how often these conditions occur and the years of healthy life lost due to them. Overall, we found that oral disorders affected an alarming 3.74 billion people by 2021, with regions like Tropical Latin America and Southeast Asia showing particularly high rates. Notably, dental cavities in adult teeth grew by 6%, while those in children's teeth declined. However, gum disease and tooth loss saw significant increases—gum disease cases shot up by over 76%, with a notable rise among women. Looking ahead, we expect
{"title":"Global burden of oral disorders with projections over the next 30 years","authors":"Lingjun Yan, Bingqin Xie, Yanfen Li, Zilin Liu, Yu Huang, Baochang He, Yu Qiu, Lan Luo, Fuhua Yan, Fa Chen","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0638","DOIUrl":"10.1002/JPER.24-0638","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to provide an updated assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of oral disorders from 1990 to 2021, and forecast trends for the next 30 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data on incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD) 2021. The changing trends in the burden of oral disorders and subtypes were estimated using percentage change. The Nordpred model based on the age-period-cohort analysis was used to predict the burden of oral disorders over the next 30 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 1990 to 2021, all oral disorders exhibited a 35.54% incidence, reaching 3.74 billion cases. Regional analysis revealed that Tropical Latin America and Southeast Asia had higher age-standardized incidence rates(ASIR). Dental caries in permanent teeth increased by 6.0% in the ASIR, while deciduous teeth caries declined by 7.83%. Periodontal disease incidence surged by 76.32% to 89.6 million cases, with discrepancies between sexes—1.05% decrease in males and a 1.14% increase in females. Edentulism incidence rose dramatically by 93.56%, totaling 26.5 million cases. Projections for the next 30 years suggest a continued rise in oral disorder cases, with the ASIR expected to rise, particularly in periodontal diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rising global burden of oral disorders, notably periodontal diseases, remains a significant public health challenge. Factors such as poor oral hygiene and disparities in healthcare access might contribute to these trends. Targeted preventive measures, including community education and alongside partnerships between researchers and policy-makers, are crucial for mitigating their impact on public health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study examines the increasing global impact of oral diseases from 1990 to 2021 and predicts their trajectory over the next 30 years. We analyzed data on how often these conditions occur and the years of healthy life lost due to them. Overall, we found that oral disorders affected an alarming 3.74 billion people by 2021, with regions like Tropical Latin America and Southeast Asia showing particularly high rates. Notably, dental cavities in adult teeth grew by 6%, while those in children's teeth declined. However, gum disease and tooth loss saw significant increases—gum disease cases shot up by over 76%, with a notable rise among women. Looking ahead, we expect","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"96 11","pages":"1291-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelica Leticia Reis Pavanelli, Sâmmea Martins Vieira, Camila Chierici Marcantonio, Gisele Faria, Sotirios Tetradis, Pedro Paulo Chaves de Souza, Joni Augusto Cirelli, Rafael Scaf de Molon
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to progressive destruction of the alveolar bone. Currently, there is a lack of effective adjuvant treatments to nonsurgical periodontal therapy offering strong antiresorptive properties. Tanshinone IIA (T-IIA), a lipophilic compound derived from <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>, exhibits various biological properties. This study investigates the antiresorptive activity of tanshinone as an adjuvant therapy for periodontitis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Forty 8-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: control (C), periodontitis (P), T-IIA, and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS). The C group did not undergo experimental periodontitis, while the P, T-IIA, and STS groups were induced with periodontitis by placing ligatures around the first maxillary molars bilaterally. Tanshinones (40 mg/kg) were administered daily via oral gavage immediately following ligature placement for 10 days. The P group received only the vehicle solution. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses were performed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>T-IIA and STS significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the connective tissue and increased the percentage of fibroblasts. This treatment also mitigated alveolar bone loss caused by ligature placement compared to the P group, enhancing bone mineral density and improving bone architectural parameters. The T-IIA and STS groups effectively lowered the number of osteoclasts and significantly downregulated the production of IL-1β, IL-17, and MMP-13. The mRNA level of cathepsin K was significantly reduced in the STS group compared to the P and T-IIA groups, whereas IL-1β, TNF-α, and RANKL were not statistically different among groups.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>Our findings demonstrate that T-IIA and STS prevent periodontitis-induced bone loss by controlling inflammation and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. This suggests that these compounds possess dual antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising novel therapeutic agents for treating periodontitis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3> <p>Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that damages the bone supporting teeth, often leading to tooth loss. While current treatments aim to clean the affected areas, they do not always prevent further bone
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive activities of tanshinone-IIA mitigate alveolar bone destruction in mice with experimental periodontitis","authors":"Angelica Leticia Reis Pavanelli, Sâmmea Martins Vieira, Camila Chierici Marcantonio, Gisele Faria, Sotirios Tetradis, Pedro Paulo Chaves de Souza, Joni Augusto Cirelli, Rafael Scaf de Molon","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0618","DOIUrl":"10.1002/JPER.24-0618","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to progressive destruction of the alveolar bone. Currently, there is a lack of effective adjuvant treatments to nonsurgical periodontal therapy offering strong antiresorptive properties. Tanshinone IIA (T-IIA), a lipophilic compound derived from <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>, exhibits various biological properties. This study investigates the antiresorptive activity of tanshinone as an adjuvant therapy for periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty 8-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: control (C), periodontitis (P), T-IIA, and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS). The C group did not undergo experimental periodontitis, while the P, T-IIA, and STS groups were induced with periodontitis by placing ligatures around the first maxillary molars bilaterally. Tanshinones (40 mg/kg) were administered daily via oral gavage immediately following ligature placement for 10 days. The P group received only the vehicle solution. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>T-IIA and STS significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the connective tissue and increased the percentage of fibroblasts. This treatment also mitigated alveolar bone loss caused by ligature placement compared to the P group, enhancing bone mineral density and improving bone architectural parameters. The T-IIA and STS groups effectively lowered the number of osteoclasts and significantly downregulated the production of IL-1β, IL-17, and MMP-13. The mRNA level of cathepsin K was significantly reduced in the STS group compared to the P and T-IIA groups, whereas IL-1β, TNF-α, and RANKL were not statistically different among groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings demonstrate that T-IIA and STS prevent periodontitis-induced bone loss by controlling inflammation and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. This suggests that these compounds possess dual antiresorptive and anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising novel therapeutic agents for treating periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that damages the bone supporting teeth, often leading to tooth loss. While current treatments aim to clean the affected areas, they do not always prevent further bone","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"96 10","pages":"1138-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guixin Zhu, Ke Yang, Tiqian Liu, Yuhuang Chen, Ran Li, Junchi Dong, Liang Xing
BackgroundPeriodontitis, an inflammatory condition, results from the immune response to pathogenic microorganisms. Gingival defects from periodontitis enable these microorganisms, along with immune cells and inflammatory proteins, to enter the bloodstream, potentially causing systemic inflammation and contributing to systemic diseases. Conversely, systemic diseases can worsen periodontitis by inducing inflammation.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the connection between periodontitis and blood immune cell phenotypes/circulating inflammation‐associated proteins using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). We also analyzed the interplay between immune cells, inflammation proteins, and periodontitis through a two‐step mediation analysis. Besides, we utilized sensitivity analyses, including the MR‐PRESSO outlier test, MR Egger intercept, Cochran's Q statistic, Steiger filter, and leave‐one‐out analysis. Confounder‐related instrumental variants were filtered through the Open Targets Genetics. Additionally, the results were supported by triangulation of high‐throughput sequencing dataset analyses and animal models.ResultsMR analysis identified three proteins—programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1), eotaxin, and neurturin (NRTN)—with protective roles against periodontitis, alongside three proteins—protein S100‐A12 (S100A12), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 11, and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)—identified as risk factors. Furthermore, our study revealed 16 immunocyte phenotypes causally linked to periodontitis. Conversely, periodontitis was associated with heightened circulating levels of CXCL 9/10/11. Notably, periodontitis influenced the characteristics of circulating immune cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Treg), maturation stages of T cells, and conventional dendritic cells (cDC). Additionally, single‐cell and bulk‐RNA sequencing and animal models verified the above results.ConclusionsThis study underscores the close connection between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, laying the groundwork for targeted immunotherapy against periodontitis and supporting the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases.Plain Language SummaryThis study explored the bidirectional causal relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, demonstrating a causal relationship between periodontitis and specific circulating inflammatory proteins and immune cell phenotypes, indicating that the treatment of periodontitis needs to consider the systemic inflammatory state and that the systemic inflammatory state may be involved in the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
{"title":"Causal network between periodontitis and systemic inflammation: Triangulating evidence from Mendelian randomization and sequencing datasets","authors":"Guixin Zhu, Ke Yang, Tiqian Liu, Yuhuang Chen, Ran Li, Junchi Dong, Liang Xing","doi":"10.1002/jper.24-0382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.24-0382","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPeriodontitis, an inflammatory condition, results from the immune response to pathogenic microorganisms. Gingival defects from periodontitis enable these microorganisms, along with immune cells and inflammatory proteins, to enter the bloodstream, potentially causing systemic inflammation and contributing to systemic diseases. Conversely, systemic diseases can worsen periodontitis by inducing inflammation.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the connection between periodontitis and blood immune cell phenotypes/circulating inflammation‐associated proteins using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). We also analyzed the interplay between immune cells, inflammation proteins, and periodontitis through a two‐step mediation analysis. Besides, we utilized sensitivity analyses, including the MR‐PRESSO outlier test, MR Egger intercept, Cochran's <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> statistic, Steiger filter, and leave‐one‐out analysis. Confounder‐related instrumental variants were filtered through the Open Targets Genetics. Additionally, the results were supported by triangulation of high‐throughput sequencing dataset analyses and animal models.ResultsMR analysis identified three proteins—programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1), eotaxin, and neurturin (NRTN)—with protective roles against periodontitis, alongside three proteins—protein S100‐A12 (S100A12), C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 11, and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)—identified as risk factors. Furthermore, our study revealed 16 immunocyte phenotypes causally linked to periodontitis. Conversely, periodontitis was associated with heightened circulating levels of CXCL 9/10/11. Notably, periodontitis influenced the characteristics of circulating immune cells, particularly regulatory T cells (Treg), maturation stages of T cells, and conventional dendritic cells (cDC). Additionally, single‐cell and bulk‐RNA sequencing and animal models verified the above results.ConclusionsThis study underscores the close connection between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, laying the groundwork for targeted immunotherapy against periodontitis and supporting the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases.Plain Language SummaryThis study explored the bidirectional causal relationship between periodontitis and systemic inflammation, demonstrating a causal relationship between periodontitis and specific circulating inflammatory proteins and immune cell phenotypes, indicating that the treatment of periodontitis needs to consider the systemic inflammatory state and that the systemic inflammatory state may be involved in the link between periodontitis and systemic diseases.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Braedan R. J. Prete, Abdelahhad Barbour, Chunxiang Sun, Howard C. Tenenbaum, Michael B. Goldberg, Michael Glogauer
BackgroundOral polymorphonuclear neutrophil (oPMN) levels are potential biomarkers for differentiating between stages and grades of periodontitis. We compared the diagnostic utility of oPMN levels with bleeding on probing percentage (BOP%) and microbial load in high‐risk patients with periodontitis.MethodsSixty‐two subjects were divided into four categories based on periodontitis stage and grade: stage II periodontitis (S2P, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 19), stage III periodontitis (S3P, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 43), grade B periodontitis (GBP, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 34), and grade C periodontitis (GCP, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 28). Clinical parameters included probing depth (PD), BOP%, and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Associations between oPMN levels and BOP% were compared to periodontitis stage and grade, and the presence of the periodontal pathogens <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pg</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Treponema denticola</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Td</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Tf</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pi</jats:italic>) in the gingivocrevicular fluid (GCF).ResultsBoth oPMN levels and BOP% were associated with increasing stage and grade of periodontitis; however, better sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for differentiating between GBP versus GCP were observed with oPMN. Significant positive associations were found between oPMN level and the detection of <jats:italic>Pg</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pi</jats:italic>.ConclusionsOPMN level can be used to differentiate between grade B and C periodontitis. Likewise, the presence of periodontal pathogens <jats:italic>Pg</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pi</jats:italic> correlated with the oPMN level. Given these findings, oPMN level may be useful as a multipurpose clinical biomarker in terms of diagnosing periodontitis and determining the risk of disease progression.Plain Language SummaryPeriodontitis is a serious gum disease that can lead to tooth loss and is linked to other health issues. Currently, bleeding of the gums after probing is one method used to assess the disease activity, but this method is not always accurate. In this study, we investigated whether counting a type of immune cell called oral neutrophil found in saliva could provide a better way to detect and measure the severity of periodontitis. We examined 62 patients with different stages and grades of the disease. We found that the number of oral neutrophils was a better tool for identifying more severe cases and those at a higher risk for future breakdown than gum bleeding. We also found that higher levels of neutrophils were linked to the presence of harmful bacteria that cause periodontitis. These findings suggest that measuring oral neutrophils could be a more reliable way
背景：口腔多形核中性粒细胞（oPMN）水平是鉴别牙周炎分期和分级的潜在生物标志物。我们比较了oPMN水平与牙周炎高危患者探诊出血百分比（BOP%）和微生物负荷的诊断效用。方法根据牙周炎分期和分级将62名受试者分为4组：II期牙周炎（S2P, n = 19）、III期牙周炎（S3P, n = 43）、B级牙周炎（GBP, n = 34）和C级牙周炎（GCP, n = 28）。临床参数包括探查深度（PD）、BOP%和临床附着损失（CAL）。oPMN水平和BOP%之间的关系与牙周炎的分期和分级，以及牙龈沟液（GCF）中牙周病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg）、牙密螺旋体（Td）、连翘Tannerella （Tf）、放线菌聚集菌和中间普雷特菌（Pi）的存在进行了比较。结果oPMN水平和BOP%与牙周炎分期和分级增加有关；然而，oPMN在区分GBP和GCP方面具有更好的敏感性、特异性和预测值。oPMN水平与Pg和Pi的检测呈显著正相关。结论sopmn水平可作为B、C级牙周炎的鉴别指标。同样，牙周病原体Pg和Pi的存在与oPMN水平相关。鉴于这些发现，oPMN水平可能作为诊断牙周炎和确定疾病进展风险的多用途临床生物标志物。牙周炎是一种严重的牙龈疾病，可导致牙齿脱落，并与其他健康问题有关。目前，牙探后牙龈出血是评估疾病活动的一种方法，但这种方法并不总是准确的。在这项研究中，我们研究了唾液中发现的一种称为口腔中性粒细胞的免疫细胞计数是否可以提供一种更好的方法来检测和测量牙周炎的严重程度。我们检查了62例不同分期和分级的患者。我们发现，与牙龈出血相比，口腔中性粒细胞的数量是一个更好的工具，可以识别更严重的病例和那些未来崩溃风险更高的病例。我们还发现，较高水平的中性粒细胞与引起牙周炎的有害细菌的存在有关。这些发现表明，测量口腔中性粒细胞可能是一种更可靠的诊断和监测牙周炎的方法，可以帮助牙医更早地发现严重病例，并更有效地治疗患者。这种方法可以提高我们对牙龈疾病的理解和管理，从而获得更好的以患者为中心的结果。
{"title":"Prognostic utility of oral neutrophil counts in high‐risk periodontitis: A retrospective study","authors":"Braedan R. J. Prete, Abdelahhad Barbour, Chunxiang Sun, Howard C. Tenenbaum, Michael B. Goldberg, Michael Glogauer","doi":"10.1002/jper.11360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.11360","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundOral polymorphonuclear neutrophil (oPMN) levels are potential biomarkers for differentiating between stages and grades of periodontitis. We compared the diagnostic utility of oPMN levels with bleeding on probing percentage (BOP%) and microbial load in high‐risk patients with periodontitis.MethodsSixty‐two subjects were divided into four categories based on periodontitis stage and grade: stage II periodontitis (S2P, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 19), stage III periodontitis (S3P, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 43), grade B periodontitis (GBP, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 34), and grade C periodontitis (GCP, <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 28). Clinical parameters included probing depth (PD), BOP%, and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Associations between oPMN levels and BOP% were compared to periodontitis stage and grade, and the presence of the periodontal pathogens <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pg</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Treponema denticola</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Td</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Tannerella forsythia</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Tf</jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Pi</jats:italic>) in the gingivocrevicular fluid (GCF).ResultsBoth oPMN levels and BOP% were associated with increasing stage and grade of periodontitis; however, better sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for differentiating between GBP versus GCP were observed with oPMN. Significant positive associations were found between oPMN level and the detection of <jats:italic>Pg</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pi</jats:italic>.ConclusionsOPMN level can be used to differentiate between grade B and C periodontitis. Likewise, the presence of periodontal pathogens <jats:italic>Pg</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pi</jats:italic> correlated with the oPMN level. Given these findings, oPMN level may be useful as a multipurpose clinical biomarker in terms of diagnosing periodontitis and determining the risk of disease progression.Plain Language SummaryPeriodontitis is a serious gum disease that can lead to tooth loss and is linked to other health issues. Currently, bleeding of the gums after probing is one method used to assess the disease activity, but this method is not always accurate. In this study, we investigated whether counting a type of immune cell called oral neutrophil found in saliva could provide a better way to detect and measure the severity of periodontitis. We examined 62 patients with different stages and grades of the disease. We found that the number of oral neutrophils was a better tool for identifying more severe cases and those at a higher risk for future breakdown than gum bleeding. We also found that higher levels of neutrophils were linked to the presence of harmful bacteria that cause periodontitis. These findings suggest that measuring oral neutrophils could be a more reliable way","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundThe aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the mid‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal regenerative treatment of maxillary anterior cemental tears associated with intrabony defects using enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in combination with deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM).MethodsForty‐one patients (mean age 68.8 ± 11.0 years) were followed for a mean of 48.3 ± 17.1 months after periodontal regenerative surgery. Clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic parameters, including defect width (DW) and defect depth (DD), were measured using serial periapical radiographs at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1), and last follow‐up (T2). In addition, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to assess tooth loss due to cemental tears.ResultsThe significant clinical and radiographic improvements observed at T1 were maintained at T2. Specifically, periodontal surgery combining EMD and DPBM resulted in significant clinical improvements in PPD (6.7–4.7 mm) and CAL (7.0–5.2 mm) as well as radiographic improvements in DW (1.93–1.52 mm) and DD (6.28–4.47 mm) from T0 to T1 (p < 0.05). With only four cases of tooth loss recorded during the follow‐up period, a high tooth survival rate of 90.2% was observed.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the current study, the combination of EMD and DPBM proved effective in promoting periodontal regeneration and predicting tooth survival in patients with maxillary anterior cemental tears associated with two‐wall or three‐wall intrabony defects. Further rigorous and well‐designed bias‐controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and determine their relevance to clinical practice.Plain Language SummaryCemental tears are a rare but serious dental issue that can lead to tooth loss, especially in older adults. They occur when a small piece of the tooth's root covering (cementum) breaks away, causing inflammation and bone loss. This study followed 41 patients who received regenerative surgical treatment using enamel matrix derivative and deproteinized porcine bone mineral to repair the damage. Over an average of 4 years, patients showed significant improvements in gum health and bone healing. Pockets around the teeth were reduced in depth, gum attachment improved, and bone defects decreased. Importantly, 90.2% of the treated teeth survived, showing the procedure's mid‐term effectiveness. These findings suggest that regenerative surgery using enamel matrix derivative and deproteinized porcine bone mineral can be a successful option for treating cemental tears, but further research is needed to refine treatment strategies and confirm these results in larger patient groups.
{"title":"Periodontal regenerative treatment for maxillary anterior cemental tears: A mid‐term cohort study","authors":"Jae‐Hong Lee, Yeon‐Tae Kim","doi":"10.1002/jper.11377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.11377","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the mid‐term clinical and radiographic outcomes of periodontal regenerative treatment of maxillary anterior cemental tears associated with intrabony defects using enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in combination with deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM).MethodsForty‐one patients (mean age 68.8 ± 11.0 years) were followed for a mean of 48.3 ± 17.1 months after periodontal regenerative surgery. Clinical parameters, including probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic parameters, including defect width (DW) and defect depth (DD), were measured using serial periapical radiographs at baseline (T0), 6 months (T1), and last follow‐up (T2). In addition, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed to assess tooth loss due to cemental tears.ResultsThe significant clinical and radiographic improvements observed at T1 were maintained at T2. Specifically, periodontal surgery combining EMD and DPBM resulted in significant clinical improvements in PPD (6.7–4.7 mm) and CAL (7.0–5.2 mm) as well as radiographic improvements in DW (1.93–1.52 mm) and DD (6.28–4.47 mm) from T0 to T1 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.05). With only four cases of tooth loss recorded during the follow‐up period, a high tooth survival rate of 90.2% was observed.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the current study, the combination of EMD and DPBM proved effective in promoting periodontal regeneration and predicting tooth survival in patients with maxillary anterior cemental tears associated with two‐wall or three‐wall intrabony defects. Further rigorous and well‐designed bias‐controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and determine their relevance to clinical practice.Plain Language SummaryCemental tears are a rare but serious dental issue that can lead to tooth loss, especially in older adults. They occur when a small piece of the tooth's root covering (cementum) breaks away, causing inflammation and bone loss. This study followed 41 patients who received regenerative surgical treatment using enamel matrix derivative and deproteinized porcine bone mineral to repair the damage. Over an average of 4 years, patients showed significant improvements in gum health and bone healing. Pockets around the teeth were reduced in depth, gum attachment improved, and bone defects decreased. Importantly, 90.2% of the treated teeth survived, showing the procedure's mid‐term effectiveness. These findings suggest that regenerative surgery using enamel matrix derivative and deproteinized porcine bone mineral can be a successful option for treating cemental tears, but further research is needed to refine treatment strategies and confirm these results in larger patient groups.","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubohan Zhang, Xin Li, Xu Wang, Xiao Lei, Jie Gao, Xu Zhang, Yanning Ma, Zuolin Jin
BackgroundTo investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of open gingival embrasures (OGE) in adult patients after clear aligner therapy (CAT).MethodsA total of 518 adult patients were recruited to evaluate the prevalence and severity of OGE between central incisors through intraoral photographs; 281 patients with complete lateral cephalometric radiographs and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected above to investigate mainly mesiodistal anatomical indicators regarding the occurrence and severity of OGE; and 186 non‐extraction (NE) patients were selected from 281 patients to further investigate the relationship between tooth movement or labial‐palatal/lingual anatomical indicators with OGE.ResultsThe prevalence of OGE was relatively high and significantly associated with tooth extraction. The prevalence and severity of OGE decreased as follows: one‐lower‐incisor‐extraction > two‐premolar‐extraction > NE types. The interproximal contact point‐alveolar crest (ICP‐AC) > 5 mm, ΔICP‐AC > 0.5 mm, cemento‐enamel junction‐alveolar crest (CEJ‐AC) > 2 mm, and ΔCEJ‐AC > 0.2 mm were significantly associated with the occurrence of OGE. ΔCEJ‐AC may more sensitively reflect bone loss, meanwhile, CEJ‐AC in distal sites was significantly associated with moderate or severe OGE in mesial sites. Intrusion movement < 2 mm and labial inclination < 5° were the warning limits for incisor movement. Furthermore, we found that bone dehiscence and root resorption were significantly associated with OGE.ConclusionOGE of varying severity could be accompanied by different degrees of three‐dimensional alveolar bone resorption. Moderate‐to‐severe OGE may occur alongside other complications in orthodontic treatment. This research also provided valuable clinical insights and treatment guidance in CAT.Plain Language SummaryClear aligner therapy (CAT) is a favored orthodontic choice for adults, yet it can carry hidden risks to periodontal health. Open gingival embrasure (OGE), or “black triangles” between teeth, can affect aesthetics, promote food impaction, and potentially relate to underlying bone loss. Our large‐sample study investigated the incidence of OGE, identified the treatment alternatives associated with increased risk, how OGE related to alterations in tissue loss and tooth movement, and what risks OGE may indicate. The prevalence of OGE is relatively high in adult patients after CAT. Patients with a single lower incisor removed had the highest rates and severity of OGE, followed by those with two premolars extracted, and finally those with no extractions. Detailed imaging revealed that the occurrence and severity of OGE are significantly associated with bone loss, not only between teeth but also from the front‐back directions. Additionally, specific thresholds for tooth movement that may elevate OGE risk include excessive incisor intrusion or forward tilting. Importantly, OGE often occurred along with other complications like bone de
{"title":"Clear aligners and open gingival embrasures: Retrospective study of epidemiology and risk factors","authors":"Yubohan Zhang, Xin Li, Xu Wang, Xiao Lei, Jie Gao, Xu Zhang, Yanning Ma, Zuolin Jin","doi":"10.1002/jper.11373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jper.11373","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundTo investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of open gingival embrasures (OGE) in adult patients after clear aligner therapy (CAT).MethodsA total of 518 adult patients were recruited to evaluate the prevalence and severity of OGE between central incisors through intraoral photographs; 281 patients with complete lateral cephalometric radiographs and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected above to investigate mainly mesiodistal anatomical indicators regarding the occurrence and severity of OGE; and 186 non‐extraction (NE) patients were selected from 281 patients to further investigate the relationship between tooth movement or labial‐palatal/lingual anatomical indicators with OGE.ResultsThe prevalence of OGE was relatively high and significantly associated with tooth extraction. The prevalence and severity of OGE decreased as follows: one‐lower‐incisor‐extraction > two‐premolar‐extraction > NE types. The interproximal contact point‐alveolar crest (ICP‐AC) > 5 mm, ΔICP‐AC > 0.5 mm, cemento‐enamel junction‐alveolar crest (CEJ‐AC) > 2 mm, and ΔCEJ‐AC > 0.2 mm were significantly associated with the occurrence of OGE. ΔCEJ‐AC may more sensitively reflect bone loss, meanwhile, CEJ‐AC in distal sites was significantly associated with moderate or severe OGE in mesial sites. Intrusion movement < 2 mm and labial inclination < 5° were the warning limits for incisor movement. Furthermore, we found that bone dehiscence and root resorption were significantly associated with OGE.ConclusionOGE of varying severity could be accompanied by different degrees of three‐dimensional alveolar bone resorption. Moderate‐to‐severe OGE may occur alongside other complications in orthodontic treatment. This research also provided valuable clinical insights and treatment guidance in CAT.Plain Language SummaryClear aligner therapy (CAT) is a favored orthodontic choice for adults, yet it can carry hidden risks to periodontal health. Open gingival embrasure (OGE), or “black triangles” between teeth, can affect aesthetics, promote food impaction, and potentially relate to underlying bone loss. Our large‐sample study investigated the incidence of OGE, identified the treatment alternatives associated with increased risk, how OGE related to alterations in tissue loss and tooth movement, and what risks OGE may indicate. The prevalence of OGE is relatively high in adult patients after CAT. Patients with a single lower incisor removed had the highest rates and severity of OGE, followed by those with two premolars extracted, and finally those with no extractions. Detailed imaging revealed that the occurrence and severity of OGE are significantly associated with bone loss, not only between teeth but also from the front‐back directions. Additionally, specific thresholds for tooth movement that may elevate OGE risk include excessive incisor intrusion or forward tilting. Importantly, OGE often occurred along with other complications like bone de","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Sinus membrane perforations occasionally occur during sinus lifting procedures. This study utilized rhesus monkey models to compare the effectiveness of two techniques (pouch and non-pouch methods) in repairing large perforations, with a focus on their impact on bone regeneration.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>In five male rhesus monkeys, both sides of the sinus membrane were elevated and perforated. Each sinus was assigned to one of two groups: (a) the collagen membrane covered the perforated sinus membrane and all sinus walls formed a pouch (pouch Group); (b) the collagen membrane covered the perforated sinus membrane (non-pouch Group). Both sinuses were grafted with the same amount of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at 1 and 9 months, and all monkeys were euthanized at 9 months for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The quantitative analysis of CT images showed no significant differences in the augmented height, density, and volume of grafted bone between the two groups at 1-month and 9-month follow-up. Similarly, the morphometric and histomorphometric analyses showed no significant differences. However, a notable discrepancy in bone modeling was observed between the two time points (<i>P</i><sub>graft-resorption</sub> = 0.0227) along with a significant difference in the sphericity of new bone (<i>P</i><sub>sphericity</sub> = 0.0446).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>The pouch technique may lead to more stable outcomes compared to the non-pouch technique, which has been documented as a promising approach to mitigate graft volume loss and enhance graft stability and aggregation. Besides, no significant difference was seen between pouch and non-pouch techniques in promoting bone regeneration for repairing perforations of the maxillary sinus membrane.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3> <p>This study explored two surgical techniques for repairing large perforations in the sinus membrane during dental procedures, focusing on the bone growth outcome. We compared the “Loma Linda Pouch” technique, which uses absorbable membrane to create a pouch that surrounds the inner surface of the sinus, to a traditional method. We measured various outcomes, including bone height, density, and overall volume, at 1 month and 9 months after surgery. Both techniques showed substantial and ideal bone growth, but the pouch method may help stabilize the bone graft
{"title":"Pouch versus non-pouch technique for repairing the maxillary sinus membrane large perforation in rhesus monkey","authors":"Yinxiu Liao, Jing Wu, Liang Xia, Lu Chen, Mohan Wang, Xiping Wang, Yuqiong Zhou, Wenze Chen, Zihan Yang, Guiqiang Fu, Jiacheng Jin, Duohong Zou","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0717","DOIUrl":"10.1002/JPER.24-0717","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sinus membrane perforations occasionally occur during sinus lifting procedures. This study utilized rhesus monkey models to compare the effectiveness of two techniques (pouch and non-pouch methods) in repairing large perforations, with a focus on their impact on bone regeneration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In five male rhesus monkeys, both sides of the sinus membrane were elevated and perforated. Each sinus was assigned to one of two groups: (a) the collagen membrane covered the perforated sinus membrane and all sinus walls formed a pouch (pouch Group); (b) the collagen membrane covered the perforated sinus membrane (non-pouch Group). Both sinuses were grafted with the same amount of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). Follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at 1 and 9 months, and all monkeys were euthanized at 9 months for micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The quantitative analysis of CT images showed no significant differences in the augmented height, density, and volume of grafted bone between the two groups at 1-month and 9-month follow-up. Similarly, the morphometric and histomorphometric analyses showed no significant differences. However, a notable discrepancy in bone modeling was observed between the two time points (<i>P</i><sub>graft-resorption</sub> = 0.0227) along with a significant difference in the sphericity of new bone (<i>P</i><sub>sphericity</sub> = 0.0446).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pouch technique may lead to more stable outcomes compared to the non-pouch technique, which has been documented as a promising approach to mitigate graft volume loss and enhance graft stability and aggregation. Besides, no significant difference was seen between pouch and non-pouch techniques in promoting bone regeneration for repairing perforations of the maxillary sinus membrane.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored two surgical techniques for repairing large perforations in the sinus membrane during dental procedures, focusing on the bone growth outcome. We compared the “Loma Linda Pouch” technique, which uses absorbable membrane to create a pouch that surrounds the inner surface of the sinus, to a traditional method. We measured various outcomes, including bone height, density, and overall volume, at 1 month and 9 months after surgery. Both techniques showed substantial and ideal bone growth, but the pouch method may help stabilize the bone graft ","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"96 9","pages":"1004-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices provide a cost-effective assessment of insulin resistance. As periodontitis has a bidirectional relationship with diabetes, this study used these indices to analyze the association between insulin resistance and periodontitis and compared their diagnostic accuracy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The study used healthcare big data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013–2018). Periodontitis was determined based on the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Among the indices, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG adjusted with body mass index, TyG adjusted with waist circumference (WC), and TyG adjusted with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed by dividing the data into quartiles, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The prevalence of periodontitis increased with increasing quartile of the insulin resistance index. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that insulin resistance and periodontitis were significantly associated in the fourth quartile for all indicators (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In particular, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the TyG adjusted with WHtR was the highest at 0.64, implying that it had the best diagnostic accuracy among the compared indices.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3> <p>TyG-related indices were associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, and the TyG adjusted for WHtR showed the greatest diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3> <p>This study looked at the association between a measure called the triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and periodontitis using data from 22,994 people in South Korea. The TyG helps to identify insulin resistance, a condition where the body does not respond well to insulin, which is crucial for controlling blood sugar levels. Unlike traditional tests that require blood samples and are time-consuming, the TyG is simpler and cheaper. Our research found an association between insulin resistance and periodontitis. Among the different versions of the TyG, the one that combined the TyG with the waist-to-height ratio (TyG*WHtR) was the most accurate in identifying those who might have periodontit
{"title":"Triglyceride glucose index and periodontitis: A nationwide study","authors":"Yu-Na Im, Na-Yeong Kim, Ki-Ho Chung","doi":"10.1002/JPER.24-0490","DOIUrl":"10.1002/JPER.24-0490","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices provide a cost-effective assessment of insulin resistance. As periodontitis has a bidirectional relationship with diabetes, this study used these indices to analyze the association between insulin resistance and periodontitis and compared their diagnostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study used healthcare big data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013–2018). Periodontitis was determined based on the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Among the indices, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), TyG adjusted with body mass index, TyG adjusted with waist circumference (WC), and TyG adjusted with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed by dividing the data into quartiles, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of periodontitis increased with increasing quartile of the insulin resistance index. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that insulin resistance and periodontitis were significantly associated in the fourth quartile for all indicators (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In particular, the area under the curve (AUC) value of the TyG adjusted with WHtR was the highest at 0.64, implying that it had the best diagnostic accuracy among the compared indices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>TyG-related indices were associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, and the TyG adjusted for WHtR showed the greatest diagnostic accuracy for periodontitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Plain Language Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study looked at the association between a measure called the triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and periodontitis using data from 22,994 people in South Korea. The TyG helps to identify insulin resistance, a condition where the body does not respond well to insulin, which is crucial for controlling blood sugar levels. Unlike traditional tests that require blood samples and are time-consuming, the TyG is simpler and cheaper. Our research found an association between insulin resistance and periodontitis. Among the different versions of the TyG, the one that combined the TyG with the waist-to-height ratio (TyG*WHtR) was the most accurate in identifying those who might have periodontit","PeriodicalId":16716,"journal":{"name":"Journal of periodontology","volume":"96 9","pages":"1044-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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