Pub Date : 2009-12-02DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48555
O. Georgewill, O. Georgewill
The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A) was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6hrs, the ear was exised, weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of V.A. when co applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied. The extract produced 67.10 ± 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone. This was however, lower than the 71.1 ± 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid, a standard anti-inflammatory agent. This finding suggests that extract of V.A. exhibits antiinflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional medical practitioners.
{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflamatory activity of extract of Vernonia Amygdalina","authors":"O. Georgewill, O. Georgewill","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V6I4.48555","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina (V.A) was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6hrs, the ear was exised, weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of V.A. when co applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied. The extract produced 67.10 ± 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone. This was however, lower than the 71.1 ± 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid, a standard anti-inflammatory agent. This finding suggests that extract of V.A. exhibits antiinflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional medical practitioners.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74647610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48473
O. Aremu, M. Femi-Oyewo
The study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effect of Neem seed oil cream against Pytiriasis versicolour infection of the skin. Fifteen samples of 20 g each i.e. three samples each of concentrations, 2.5% w/w, 5.0% w/w,7.5% w/w/ and10.0% w/w neem seed oil cream and a commercial preparation (Whitfield Ointment) were given out to patients randomly. Double blind approach was adopted in prescribing the samples to the patients diagnosed to have Pityriasis vesicolour fungal infection of the skin; double blind in the sense that both clinician and patients were blinded as to the identity of the samples. The clinical responses to neem seed oil cream concentrations 2.5% w/w and 5.0 w/w were not encouraging. However, at concentrations 7.5% w/w and 10.0% w/w , neem seed oil cream showed excellent improvement in clinical conditions of the patients infected with Pityriasis versicolour on their skins. They compared favourably with the commercial control sample.
{"title":"Antifungal effect of topically administered neem(Azadirachta indica) seed oil cream against Pytiriasis versicolour","authors":"O. Aremu, M. Femi-Oyewo","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48473","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effect of Neem seed oil cream against Pytiriasis versicolour infection of the skin. Fifteen samples of 20 g each i.e. three samples each of concentrations, 2.5% w/w, 5.0% w/w,7.5% w/w/ and10.0% w/w neem seed oil cream and a commercial preparation (Whitfield Ointment) were given out to patients randomly. Double blind approach was adopted in prescribing the samples to the patients diagnosed to have Pityriasis vesicolour fungal infection of the skin; double blind in the sense that both clinician and patients were blinded as to the identity of the samples. The clinical responses to neem seed oil cream concentrations 2.5% w/w and 5.0 w/w were not encouraging. However, at concentrations 7.5% w/w and 10.0% w/w , neem seed oil cream showed excellent improvement in clinical conditions of the patients infected with Pityriasis versicolour on their skins. They compared favourably with the commercial control sample.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91028304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48458
Sa Brown, E. Ibezim, M. Momoh
The Checker Board Technique (CBT) was used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two penicillins; ampicillin and cloxacillin, against ampicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Tubes of liquid medium were arranged in columns and rows, with the concentration of one antibiotic decreasing from left to right in each row and the concentration of the complementary antibiotic decreasing from top to bottom in each column. The tubes were then inoculated with the test microorganism and incubated. Growth is shown by turbidity in the medium and no growth by a clear medium. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Most of the combinations of both drugs exhibited synergistic activities against the test strain of Staphylococcus aureus, with the greatest activity produced by the 4:6 (ampicillin/cloxacillin) combination followed by the 3:7 ratio. The combination ratios 10:0 and 0:10 of ampicillin and cloxacillin showed no activity.
{"title":"An in vitro evaluation of the combined antimicrobial activity of ampicillin and cloxacillin against ampicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus using checker board technique (CBT)","authors":"Sa Brown, E. Ibezim, M. Momoh","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48458","url":null,"abstract":"The Checker Board Technique (CBT) was used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two penicillins; ampicillin and cloxacillin, against ampicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Tubes of liquid medium were arranged in columns and rows, with the concentration of one antibiotic decreasing from left to right in each row and the concentration of the complementary antibiotic decreasing from top to bottom in each column. The tubes were then inoculated with the test microorganism and incubated. Growth is shown by turbidity in the medium and no growth by a clear medium. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Most of the combinations of both drugs exhibited synergistic activities against the test strain of Staphylococcus aureus, with the greatest activity produced by the 4:6 (ampicillin/cloxacillin) combination followed by the 3:7 ratio. The combination ratios 10:0 and 0:10 of ampicillin and cloxacillin showed no activity.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73356785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48449
M. Verma, V. Gupta, R. Nema, U. Misra
Compounds incorporating a pyrazole moiety have attracted a great deal of research owing to its therapeutic utility of the templates as useful drug molecule scaffolding. We report the synthesis of Pyrazoles moiety substituted with anilines at the fifth position of the ring as anti-protozoal lead moiety. All the compounds were screened for the anti-protozoal activity. The compounds 3a, 3-Amino-5phenylamino-4H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 3c 3-Amino-5-(-4- methoxy-phenyl amino)-4H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester showed better antimalarial as well as anti-leishmanial activity with IC50 value of 0.132imol/l and 0.150imol/l against P.falciparum and IC50 value of 0.132imol/l and 0.168 imol/l against Leishmaniasis donovani. The result opens up new avenues in designing novel anti-protozoal drugs as dual inhibitor with utilization of pyrazole template as part of the pharmacophore.
含有吡唑片段的化合物由于其模板作为有用的药物分子支架的治疗效用而吸引了大量的研究。我们报道了在环的第5位被苯胺取代的吡唑部分作为抗原生动物的先导部分的合成。对所有化合物进行了抗原虫活性筛选。化合物3a, 3-氨基-5苯基氨基-4 h -吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯和3c -氨基-5-(-4-甲氧基苯基氨基)-4 h -吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯对恶性疟原虫的IC50值分别为0.132imol/l和0.150imol/l，对多诺瓦利什曼原虫的IC50值分别为0.132imol/l和0.168 imol/l，具有较好的抗疟和抗利什曼原虫活性。该结果为利用吡唑模板作为药效团的一部分设计新型抗原虫双抑制剂开辟了新的途径。
{"title":"Synthesis of some substituted pyrazole derivatives as antiprotozoal agents","authors":"M. Verma, V. Gupta, R. Nema, U. Misra","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48449","url":null,"abstract":"Compounds incorporating a pyrazole moiety have attracted a great deal of research owing to its therapeutic utility of the templates as useful drug molecule scaffolding. We report the synthesis of Pyrazoles moiety substituted with anilines at the fifth position of the ring as anti-protozoal lead moiety. All the compounds were screened for the anti-protozoal activity. The compounds 3a, 3-Amino-5phenylamino-4H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester and 3c 3-Amino-5-(-4- methoxy-phenyl amino)-4H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester showed better antimalarial as well as anti-leishmanial activity with IC50 value of 0.132imol/l and 0.150imol/l against P.falciparum and IC50 value of 0.132imol/l and 0.168 imol/l against Leishmaniasis donovani. The result opens up new avenues in designing novel anti-protozoal drugs as dual inhibitor with utilization of pyrazole template as part of the pharmacophore.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81530718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48470
H. Isah
Prescribing practicing profile impacts greatly on rational drug use, case management outcome and health care cost. Poor prescription practice has been shown to be associated with high cost, side effects and proven lack of desired pharmaceutical benefit. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the patterns of prescriptions using WHO core drug use indicators and some additional indices with a view for identifying intervention strategies. A retrospective cross-sectional review of 2,510 prescriptions issued to patients and randomly selected from 20 Catholic Church-owned primary health care facilities in the Northern provinces of Abuja, Jos and Kaduna between January and December, 2006 were studied. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.49 (range: 3.10 – 7.20). Drug prescription in generic name and from the PHC essential drug list was 61.29 and 66.96% respectively. Injection and antibiotic prescription rates were 60.96% and 76.49% respectively, while in 58.96% were diagnosis made. These facilities were characterised by poly-pharmacy, inappropriate injection and antibiotic prescription, poor prescription in generic names as well as poor use of essential drug list, and these were widespread. Capacity building programme on appropriate drug prescription and the institutional use of appropriate standard treatment guidelines and drug formularies are therefore advocated.
{"title":"Prescription pattern among primary care providers in catholic-church-owned primary health care facilities in Northern Ecclesiastical provinces of Abuja, Jos and Kaduna, Nigeria: Preliminary findings","authors":"H. Isah","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I2.48470","url":null,"abstract":"Prescribing practicing profile impacts greatly on rational drug use, case management outcome and health care cost. Poor prescription practice has been shown to be associated with high cost, side effects and proven lack of desired pharmaceutical benefit. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the patterns of prescriptions using WHO core drug use indicators and some additional indices with a view for identifying intervention strategies. A retrospective cross-sectional review of 2,510 prescriptions issued to patients and randomly selected from 20 Catholic Church-owned primary health care facilities in the Northern provinces of Abuja, Jos and Kaduna between January and December, 2006 were studied. The average number of drugs per prescription was 5.49 (range: 3.10 – 7.20). Drug prescription in generic name and from the PHC essential drug list was 61.29 and 66.96% respectively. Injection and antibiotic prescription rates were 60.96% and 76.49% respectively, while in 58.96% were diagnosis made. These facilities were characterised by poly-pharmacy, inappropriate injection and antibiotic prescription, poor prescription in generic names as well as poor use of essential drug list, and these were widespread. Capacity building programme on appropriate drug prescription and the institutional use of appropriate standard treatment guidelines and drug formularies are therefore advocated.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76163778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48437
M. Momoh, M. Adikwu, So Eragasa
The kinetics of drug release from the test formulation was evaluated. Kitazawa, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Fickian models were used. Mucin was processed from the small intestine of freshly slaughtered cow via precipitation with chilled acetone, air-drying and pulverization. Various preparations of insulin-mucin in the ratios 1:10, 1:15 and 1:25 were encapsulated. The in vitrorelease studies showed that the release rates decreased with increase in mucin concentration. The initial of releases were 41.4 mg in 10 min and 54.5 mg at 90 min , 24.2 mg in 10 min and 50.9 mg at 90 min and 34.0 mg in 10 min and 45.1 mg at 150 min for 1:10 1:15, 1:25 ratio preparations respectively. The release of insulin from the preparation generally followed the Higuchi diffusion model mechanisms with the exception of the formulation containing of insulin and mucin.
{"title":"The release mechanism of insulin from soft gelatin capsule preparation","authors":"M. Momoh, M. Adikwu, So Eragasa","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V3I2.48437","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of drug release from the test formulation was evaluated. Kitazawa, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell and Fickian models were used. Mucin was processed from the small intestine of freshly slaughtered cow via precipitation with chilled acetone, air-drying and pulverization. Various preparations of insulin-mucin in the ratios 1:10, 1:15 and 1:25 were encapsulated. The in vitrorelease studies showed that the release rates decreased with increase in mucin concentration. The initial of releases were 41.4 mg in 10 min and 54.5 mg at 90 min , 24.2 mg in 10 min and 50.9 mg at 90 min and 34.0 mg in 10 min and 45.1 mg at 150 min for 1:10 1:15, 1:25 ratio preparations respectively. The release of insulin from the preparation generally followed the Higuchi diffusion model mechanisms with the exception of the formulation containing of insulin and mucin.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78006889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48452
C. Ugwu, L. Ezeanyika, B. C. Nwanguma, V. Abba
The prevalence of high blood pressure and other associated cardiovascular risk factors in a semi-urban Nigerian community were studied. A total of 425 subjects aged 35 years and above took part in the cross sectional survey held at Nsukka, Nigeria. A detailed questionnaire was administered to the subjects to ascertain their risk levels consequent upon life style and genetic disposition. Anthropometric parameters, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by standard methods. Fasting blood samples were drawn from the subjects for biochemical assays. Generally, hypertension prevalence [SBP > 140 mm Hg] was 74.77% in men and 68.59% in women. Men were more likely to be obese than the women. Stages II and III hypertension were more frequent in females while stage I hypertension was more frequent in males. The concurrence of hypertension, body mass index (BMI) and serum glucose were more likely in females while the simultaneous occurrence of BMI and
研究了尼日利亚半城市社区中高血压和其他相关心血管危险因素的患病率。共有425名年龄在35岁及以上的受试者参加了在尼日利亚恩苏卡举行的横断面调查。研究人员对受试者进行了详细的问卷调查，以确定他们的生活方式和遗传倾向导致的风险水平。采用标准方法测量人体测量参数、收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)。从受试者身上抽取空腹血样进行生化分析。总体而言，高血压患病率[收缩压> 140 mm Hg]男性为74.77%，女性为68.59%。男性比女性更容易肥胖。II期和III期高血压多见于女性，而I期高血压多见于男性。女性高血压、体重指数(BMI)和血糖同时发生的可能性更大，而BMI和血糖同时发生的可能性更大
{"title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a semi-urban Nigerian hypertensive population","authors":"C. Ugwu, L. Ezeanyika, B. C. Nwanguma, V. Abba","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I1.48452","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of high blood pressure and other associated cardiovascular risk factors in a semi-urban Nigerian community were studied. A total of 425 subjects aged 35 years and above took part in the cross sectional survey held at Nsukka, Nigeria. A detailed questionnaire was administered to the subjects to ascertain their risk levels consequent upon life style and genetic disposition. Anthropometric parameters, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by standard methods. Fasting blood samples were drawn from the subjects for biochemical assays. Generally, hypertension prevalence [SBP > 140 mm Hg] was 74.77% in men and 68.59% in women. Men were more likely to be obese than the women. Stages II and III hypertension were more frequent in females while stage I hypertension was more frequent in males. The concurrence of hypertension, body mass index (BMI) and serum glucose were more likely in females while the simultaneous occurrence of BMI and","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78860488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48455
N. Nwodo, P. Osadebe, L. Ngongeh
This study evaluated the trypanocidal activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of young Holarrhena africana. The trypanocidal activity was evaluated by treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei at the peak of infection. The aqueous extract was administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days with varied doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg weight). Treatment with the extract led to significant reduction in the level of parasitaemia in infected mice though relapse of parasitaemia occurred later. Parasite clearance by the extract was observed to be dose-dependent, the maximal effects being attained at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. There were also significant improvements in the packed cell volume and reduction in the severity of clinical sign / symptom of trypanosomiasis in the treated groups during and after administration of extracts. A determination of the LD50 in acute toxicity studies showed that the extract was relatively safe at very high doses.
{"title":"Trypanocidal activity of the aqueous leave extract of Holarrhena Africana (Apocynaceae)","authors":"N. Nwodo, P. Osadebe, L. Ngongeh","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48455","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the trypanocidal activity of aqueous extracts of leaves of young Holarrhena africana. The trypanocidal activity was evaluated by treatment of mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei at the peak of infection. The aqueous extract was administered intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days with varied doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg weight). Treatment with the extract led to significant reduction in the level of parasitaemia in infected mice though relapse of parasitaemia occurred later. Parasite clearance by the extract was observed to be dose-dependent, the maximal effects being attained at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. There were also significant improvements in the packed cell volume and reduction in the severity of clinical sign / symptom of trypanosomiasis in the treated groups during and after administration of extracts. A determination of the LD50 in acute toxicity studies showed that the extract was relatively safe at very high doses.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84637209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48459
V. Aina
Studies were conducted on the level of aflatoxins and its effect on a cereal - wheat grain. The samples were collected from local wheats grown in Kaduna metropolis of Nigeria and a foreign wheat. The ash and protein contents were also determined. The ash content averaged 1.62% for the foreign wheat and 1.80% for local wheat for the dampened samples, while for the dried or undampened samples, the average contents were 1.69% and 1.94% respectively. The approximate protein contents for the dampened samples were averaged 11.81% for the foreign and 10.04% for the local wheat. The data were subjected to ONE- WAY ANOVA, where upon at 0.05 level of significance, there was no significant difference in the mean values of ash and protein contents for the foreign and local wheat samples.
{"title":"Studies on aflatoxin and other contents of foreign and local wheat samples available in Kaduna metropolis of Nigeria","authors":"V. Aina","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V4I2.48459","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted on the level of aflatoxins and its effect on a cereal - wheat grain. The samples were collected from local wheats grown in Kaduna metropolis of Nigeria and a foreign wheat. The ash and protein contents were also determined. The ash content averaged 1.62% for the foreign wheat and 1.80% for local wheat for the dampened samples, while for the dried or undampened samples, the average contents were 1.69% and 1.94% respectively. The approximate protein contents for the dampened samples were averaged 11.81% for the foreign and 10.04% for the local wheat. The data were subjected to ONE- WAY ANOVA, where upon at 0.05 level of significance, there was no significant difference in the mean values of ash and protein contents for the foreign and local wheat samples.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83826921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-01DOI: 10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I1.48465
Ue Osonwa, M. Ufot
Apple fruits were processed by mashing and drying at 50, 70, 80 and 100 oC in a thermostated oven. The dried powders were then stored in air-tight transparent plastic containers for further analysis. Stability / incompatibility studies on apple powder with some tablet excipients were carried out by mixing 1 part of the powder dried at 70 oC with 1.5 parts of lactose, 3 parts of gelatin, 0.5 part of magnesium stearate, or 4.3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, which was the ratio of each agent at which the triturate started flowing. Each mixture was heated at 70 oC for a total of 7hours. Some organoleptic properties of each treated mixture were then evaluated. Drying the apple at 100 oC for a shorter period gave better results than drying at 55 oC for a longer period. The stability studies revealed all the mixtures were relatively stable at 70 oC when each mixture was heated for not more than 2 hours.
{"title":"Processing of Malus sylvestris and its temperature stability in triturates involving some pharmaceutical excipients","authors":"Ue Osonwa, M. Ufot","doi":"10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I1.48465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOPHAS.V5I1.48465","url":null,"abstract":"Apple fruits were processed by mashing and drying at 50, 70, 80 and 100 oC in a thermostated oven. The dried powders were then stored in air-tight transparent plastic containers for further analysis. Stability / incompatibility studies on apple powder with some tablet excipients were carried out by mixing 1 part of the powder dried at 70 oC with 1.5 parts of lactose, 3 parts of gelatin, 0.5 part of magnesium stearate, or 4.3 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, which was the ratio of each agent at which the triturate started flowing. Each mixture was heated at 70 oC for a total of 7hours. Some organoleptic properties of each treated mixture were then evaluated. Drying the apple at 100 oC for a shorter period gave better results than drying at 55 oC for a longer period. The stability studies revealed all the mixtures were relatively stable at 70 oC when each mixture was heated for not more than 2 hours.","PeriodicalId":16719,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86846525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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