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Sustainable Urban Form and the Creative Class: Insights from Southern California 可持续城市形态和创意阶层:来自南加州的见解
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x231160426
Asiya Natekal
This research examines the extent to which the presence of the creative class (CC) is associated with the promotion of sustainability, particularly as reflected in development regulations adopted by cities in Southern California. Conducted in two phases, this study employed a mixed-methods approach. Considerable variation was found in the promotion of sustainability among cities. Generally, cities with a higher proportion of the CC integrated Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design at the neighborhood level sustainability principles to a greater extent; however, not all cities with a higher proportion of the CC addressed more sustainability principles and to a stronger extent than those with a lower proportion.
这项研究考察了创意阶层（CC）的存在在多大程度上与促进可持续性有关，特别是反映在南加州城市通过的发展法规中。本研究分两个阶段进行，采用了混合方法。各城市在促进可持续性方面存在很大差异。总体而言，CC在城市能源与环境设计中所占比例较高的城市，在邻里层面的可持续性原则得到了更大程度的整合；然而，并非所有CC比例较高的城市都比比例较低的城市遵循了更多的可持续性原则，并且在更大程度上遵循了这些原则。
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引用次数: 0
Parking Benefit Districts 停车优惠区
3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221141317
Donald Shoup
Where curb parking is overcrowded, drivers who are searching for a rare open curb space congest traffic, pollute the air, and produce carbon dioxide. To avoid these problems, some cities have established Parking Benefit Districts that charge market prices for curb parking and spend the revenue to pay for public services on the metered blocks. A case study of Manhattan’s Upper West Side found that charging market prices for the currently unmetered curb spaces would eliminate 22 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per block per year and yield at least $1,025 per household per year to improve public services.
在路边停车拥挤不堪的地方，司机们在路边寻找一个难得的开放空间，使交通拥挤，污染空气，并产生二氧化碳。为了避免这些问题，一些城市建立了停车福利区，对路边停车收取市场价格，并将收入用于支付计价器街区的公共服务。对曼哈顿上西区的一项案例研究发现，对目前未计量的路边空间按市场价收费，每个街区每年可减少22吨二氧化碳排放，每户家庭每年至少可获得1025美元的收入，从而改善公共服务。
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引用次数: 2
The Demise of “Advocacy Planning” in Community Design? A Content Analysis of the Mission Statements of Community Design Centers (CDCs) in the United States “倡导规划”在社区设计中的淡化？美国社区设计中心使命宣言的内容分析
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x231163453
Donggyu Lee
This paper investigates the role(s) of contemporary community design centers (CDC) in the United States. Based on a content analysis of CDCs’ mission statements and semi-structured interviews with selected CDC leaders, I identify seven roles these organizations perform. The results indicate that current CDCs do not exclusively focus on assisting underserved communities. They perform a more diverse set of roles for various socioeconomic communities. These different roles suggest that CDCs can, and should, be thought of as a diverse category of planning organization. In conclusion, I suggest three implications for planning education and future research and practice related to community design.
本文探讨了美国当代社区设计中心(CDC)的作用。基于对疾病预防控制中心使命宣言的内容分析和对选定的疾病预防控制中心领导人的半结构化访谈，我确定了这些组织所扮演的七个角色。结果表明，目前的疾病预防控制中心并没有专门致力于帮助服务不足的社区。他们在不同的社会经济群体中扮演着更加多样化的角色。这些不同的角色表明，疾病预防控制中心可以而且应该被视为一个不同类别的规划组织。最后，我提出了与社区设计相关的规划教育和未来研究与实践的三个启示。
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引用次数: 0
The Planner’s Pentangle: A Proposal for a Twenty-First-Century Model of Planning 规划师的五角形：21世纪规划模式的建议
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x231151854
S. Hirt, Scott Campbell
The planner’s triangle—the model that visually defined planning as the balance of equity, economy, and environment to achieve sustainability—has influenced theory, practice, and pedagogy for a quarter of a century. We argue that the triangle requires updating. Even if sustainability remains the center of planning’s conceptual model, the vertices must be rethought. We propose a planner’s pentangle with five priorities as vertices: Wellness, Equity, Economy, Environment, and Esthetics (WE4). The pentangle concept represents planning’s history more comprehensively. It also more accurately represents the state of planning in the twenty-first century when health/wellness and cultural/esthetic concerns are increasingly important.
规划师的三角形——这个模型直观地将规划定义为公平、经济和环境之间的平衡，以实现可持续性——已经影响了理论、实践和教学四分之一个世纪。我们认为三角关系需要更新。即使可持续性仍然是规划概念模型的中心，也必须重新考虑这些顶点。我们提出了一个规划师的五边形，五个优先事项作为顶点:健康、公平、经济、环境和美学(WE4)。五角形概念更全面地代表了规划的历史。它也更准确地代表了二十一世纪的规划状况，因为卫生/保健和文化/审美问题日益重要。
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引用次数: 0
Parking Benefit Districts 停车优惠区
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.4324/9781351019668-47
D. Shoup
Where curb parking is overcrowded, drivers who are searching for a rare open curb space congest traffic, pollute the air, and produce carbon dioxide. To avoid these problems, some cities have established Parking Benefit Districts that charge market prices for curb parking and spend the revenue to pay for public services on the metered blocks. A case study of Manhattan’s Upper West Side found that charging market prices for the currently unmetered curb spaces would eliminate 22 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per block per year and yield at least $1,025 per household per year to improve public services.
路边停车场过于拥挤，寻找罕见空地的司机会堵塞交通，污染空气，并产生二氧化碳。为了避免这些问题，一些城市设立了停车福利区，对路边停车收取市场价格，并将收入用于支付收费街区的公共服务费用。曼哈顿上西区的一项案例研究发现，对目前未计量的路边停车位收取市场价格，将使每个街区每年减少22吨二氧化碳排放，每户每年至少产生1025美元的收入，以改善公共服务。
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引用次数: 2
Four Decades of Research on Racial Equity and Justice in Urban Planning 城市规划中的种族公平与正义研究四十年
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x231156827
Joungwon Kwon, M. Nguyen
How have urban planners addressed racial equity and justice in their scholarship? Using topic modeling and qualitative text coding, this study analyzed articles from twenty top urban planning journals from 1980 to 2019. The findings indicate that only 1.8 percent of planning articles are related to racial equity and justice throughout the four decades, with a slight uptick in attention paid to these topics in recent years. The dearth of planning scholarship on these topics in high-impact journals suggests that planning, as an academic discipline, has not prioritized and centered research and teaching about racial equity and justice.
城市规划者是如何在他们的学术中解决种族公平和正义问题的？本研究采用主题建模和定性文本编码的方法，分析了1980年至2019年20家顶级城市规划期刊的文章。调查结果表明，在过去的四十年里，只有1.8%的规划文章与种族公平和正义有关，近年来对这些主题的关注度略有上升。高影响力期刊上缺乏关于这些主题的规划奖学金，这表明规划作为一门学术学科，没有优先考虑并以种族公平和正义的研究和教学为中心。
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引用次数: 0
First biological report on the genus Cantonius (Buprestidae, Agrilinae, Aphanisticini), with descriptions of two new species from China. 首次生物报告：Cantonius 属（Buprestidae, Agrilinae, Aphanisticini），并描述了来自中国的两个新种。
IF 1.3 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-02 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.11.e98405
Xiao-Di Shi, Zhi-Ming Wu, Xiao-Hua Dai, Jia-Sheng Xu, Hai-Tian Song

Background: The genus Cantonius Théry, 1929 is a small group with two subgenera and 12 species. However, the biology of this genus is still unknown.

New information: In this paper, three species of the genus Cantonius Théry, 1929 were found on bamboo leaves, revealing for the first time that Cantonius species are also leaf-miners. Two new species were recorded from Jiangxi Province and are described here: Cantonius (Cantonius) anjiensis sp. n. (host plant: Pleioblastusamarus) and Cantonius (Procantonius) qiyunensis sp. n. (host plant: Bambusablumeana) followed by C. (P.) austrisinicus Kalashian, 2021 (host plant: Oligostachyumpaniculatum) recorded from Guangxi Province. Including habitats, photos of three species together with C. (P.) qiyunensis sp. n. pupa, host plants, and leaf mines of the three species are presented. Moreover, the bionomics and habits of the genus are discussed for the first time, and a hypothesis for the distribution of Cantonius is provided.

背景：广玉兰属（Cantonius Théry，1929 年）是一个小型类群，有两个亚属和 12 个种。然而，该属的生物学特性尚不清楚：新信息：本文在竹叶上发现了 3 个广竹蝽属种，首次揭示了广竹蝽属种也是采叶虫。江西省记录了两个新种，本文对其进行了描述：n. (寄主植物：Pleioblastusamarus) 和 Cantonius (Procantonius) qiyunensis sp. n. (寄主植物：Bambusablumeana)，其次是记录于广西省的 C. (P.) austrisinicus Kalashian, 2021 (寄主植物：Oligostachyumpaniculatum)。包括栖息地、三个物种的照片以及 C. (P.) qiyunensis sp.此外，还首次讨论了该属的仿生学和习性，并提出了广玉兰虫分布的假说。
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引用次数: 0
Bike-Sharing Station Usage and the Surrounding Built Environments in Major Texas Cities. 德克萨斯州主要城市的共享单车站使用情况和周边建筑环境
IF 2.8 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x19862854
Louis G Alcorn, Junfeng Jiao

This study analyzes the effect of different built environments on bike-share usage in nascent dock-based systems in three Texas cities. Past research offers little insight as to whether elements associated with higher bicycle usage in major cities affect ridership in secondary, developing bike-share markets within lower density American cities. In Austin and Houston, a positive relationship emerges between bike-share usage and proximity to high-comfort bicycle facilities. All three cities demonstrated surprisingly minimal relationship between bike-share usage and other proven drivers of bicycling activity in urban areas, which may result from system design for leisure- and recreation-based trips.

本研究分析了德克萨斯州三个城市的不同建筑环境对新兴的基于码头系统的共享单车使用的影响。过去的研究对主要城市较高的自行车使用率是否会影响美国低密度城市中二线、发展中的自行车共享市场的骑行情况提供的见解很少。在奥斯汀和休斯顿，共享单车的使用与高舒适的自行车设施之间出现了正相关关系。令人惊讶的是，这三个城市都表明，共享单车的使用与城市地区其他已证实的自行车活动驱动因素之间的关系微乎其微，这可能是休闲和娱乐旅行系统设计的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Delay: The Next “D” Factor in Travel Behavior? 延迟：旅行行为中的下一个“D”因素？
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x231154001
R. Sardari, Jianling Li, Raha Pouladi
Empirical research on the impact of congestion on travel behavior remains limited. This study fills this gap using a comprehensive analytical framework, an improved time-related travel delay measure, structure equation modeling, and the disaggregated household survey data for the Puget Sound Region. The results indicate that travel time delay is associated with fewer household vehicles, fewer vehicle trips, and lower vehicle miles traveled. The findings confirm the intricate impacts of the travel time delay, reinforce the importance of the “D” factors in travel behavior, and point to the need for comprehensive solutions to travel demand management.
关于拥堵对出行行为影响的实证研究仍然有限。这项研究使用了一个全面的分析框架、一个改进的与时间相关的旅行延迟测量、结构方程建模和普吉特湾地区的分类家庭调查数据来填补这一空白。结果表明，出行时间延迟与家用车辆减少、车辆出行次数减少和车辆行驶里程减少有关。研究结果证实了旅行时间延迟的复杂影响，强化了“D”因素在旅行行为中的重要性，并指出了旅行需求管理综合解决方案的必要性。
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引用次数: 1
A Comparison of Value-Weight-Elicitation Methods for Accurate and Accessible Participatory Planning 准确可及参与式规划的价值-权重启发方法比较
IF 2.2 3区 经济学 Q2 REGIONAL & URBAN PLANNING
Journal of Planning Education and Research
Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/0739456x231155069
Lorien Nesbitt, M. Meitner, B. Chamberlain, Julian Gonzalez, W. Trousdale
This research analyzed six value-weight-elicitation techniques that are commonly used in participatory planning. It compared the techniques via measures of (1) accuracy (within-subjects user-derived assessments and quantitative weight comparisons) and (2) accessibility (time to complete, difficulty, and “boringness”). Visual sliders performed best across assessments. Pairwise comparison, visual sliders, and swing weighting were the most accurate, while visual sliders and vertical visual scale were the most accessible. Point allocation and the popular Likert-type method performed poorly across assessments. All methods produced similar weights, highlighting the importance of accessibility when choosing scales. This research can inform participatory planning and survey design techniques.
本研究分析了参与式规划中常用的六种价值权重启发技术。它通过测量（1）准确性（受试者内部用户衍生的评估和定量权重比较）和（2）可及性（完成时间、难度和“无聊”）来比较这些技术。视觉滑块在评估中表现最佳。成对比较、视觉滑块和挥杆加权最准确，而视觉滑块和垂直视觉标尺最容易获得。积分分配和流行的Likert型方法在评估中表现不佳。所有方法都产生了相似的权重，突出了在选择天平时可访问性的重要性。这项研究可以为参与式规划和调查设计技术提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
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