Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221138073
Kelcie M. Ralph, Jesus M. Barajas, Angela Johnson-Rodriguez, A. Delbosc, Carlyn Muir
The U.S. public is skeptical of speed cameras because they are seen as revenue generators. Many cities do indeed raise funds via traffic tickets, although they are primarily issued by police officers, not cameras. Ironically, cameras are poor long-term sources of revenue and therefore can directly address revenue concerns. Our survey of the U.S. public shows concerns about revenue are associated with greater opposition to cameras and greater distrust of the government. We find that re-framing cameras as a tool to prevent revenue-oriented ticketing increases public support. Finally, we recommend several institutional changes to help gain and maintain support.
{"title":"The End of Speed Traps and Ticket Quotas: Re-framing and Reforming Traffic Cameras to Increase Support","authors":"Kelcie M. Ralph, Jesus M. Barajas, Angela Johnson-Rodriguez, A. Delbosc, Carlyn Muir","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221138073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221138073","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. public is skeptical of speed cameras because they are seen as revenue generators. Many cities do indeed raise funds via traffic tickets, although they are primarily issued by police officers, not cameras. Ironically, cameras are poor long-term sources of revenue and therefore can directly address revenue concerns. Our survey of the U.S. public shows concerns about revenue are associated with greater opposition to cameras and greater distrust of the government. We find that re-framing cameras as a tool to prevent revenue-oriented ticketing increases public support. Finally, we recommend several institutional changes to help gain and maintain support.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221131744
Taner Osman
In many central business districts (CBDs), job growth has occurred since the 1990s, but at a far slower rate than in non-CBD areas. Over this time, there has been a great divergence in economic performance among CBD areas, with a handful of CBD economies far outperforming the rest. Overall, CBD economies have become home to higher paying economic activities, compared with non-CBD areas, because industries comprising higher levels of “cognitive” tasks locate a higher share of jobs in CBD areas. As such, CBD performance seems to be tied to the mix of industries present in a given region’s economy.
{"title":"A Tale of a Few CBDs: The Uneven Resurgence of Central Business District Economies across U.S. Cities, 1994–2019","authors":"Taner Osman","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221131744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221131744","url":null,"abstract":"In many central business districts (CBDs), job growth has occurred since the 1990s, but at a far slower rate than in non-CBD areas. Over this time, there has been a great divergence in economic performance among CBD areas, with a handful of CBD economies far outperforming the rest. Overall, CBD economies have become home to higher paying economic activities, compared with non-CBD areas, because industries comprising higher levels of “cognitive” tasks locate a higher share of jobs in CBD areas. As such, CBD performance seems to be tied to the mix of industries present in a given region’s economy.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221136502
C. Herbert, Noah J. Durst, Deyanira Nevárez Martínez
Recent research has documented the prevalence of informal housing across urban and suburban contexts in the United States. While there have been some efforts to theorize across cases, there has been little to no work to connect theory to on-the-ground occurrences to offer clear lessons for planners. This article begins to fill this gap. Analyzing across existing research, we create a typology of informal housing in the United States: infill, subdivision, repurposing of private property, and occupation of public space. Then, we identify five common features that drive their production, use, and conditions. Finally, we offer important takeaways for planners and practitioners.
{"title":"A Typology of Informal Housing in the United States: Lessons for Planners","authors":"C. Herbert, Noah J. Durst, Deyanira Nevárez Martínez","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221136502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221136502","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has documented the prevalence of informal housing across urban and suburban contexts in the United States. While there have been some efforts to theorize across cases, there has been little to no work to connect theory to on-the-ground occurrences to offer clear lessons for planners. This article begins to fill this gap. Analyzing across existing research, we create a typology of informal housing in the United States: infill, subdivision, repurposing of private property, and occupation of public space. Then, we identify five common features that drive their production, use, and conditions. Finally, we offer important takeaways for planners and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45263324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221131240
J. You
Water scarcity is a significant threat to urban and regional planning. Water scarcity has challenged planners to respond to the problem in an important but previously overlooked way. Although the connection between land and water planning has not been adequately recognized in planning education and research, some governments have begun to manage the two natural resources together. Drawing upon the literature on integrated policy approach and policy implementation, this article presents a summary of policy actions in the past decade aimed at better integrating land use and water resource planning in Colorado. This article also contributes to broader debates on mediating the divide between land use and water management.
{"title":"Connecting Land and Water Planning in Colorado","authors":"J. You","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221131240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221131240","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity is a significant threat to urban and regional planning. Water scarcity has challenged planners to respond to the problem in an important but previously overlooked way. Although the connection between land and water planning has not been adequately recognized in planning education and research, some governments have begun to manage the two natural resources together. Drawing upon the literature on integrated policy approach and policy implementation, this article presents a summary of policy actions in the past decade aimed at better integrating land use and water resource planning in Colorado. This article also contributes to broader debates on mediating the divide between land use and water management.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42925010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221131743
C. A. Lee, John C. Harris
Nonprofits are key in local community development and often work in tandem with or against municipal governments in neighborhood planning. We focus on a unique case of a local government that largely contracts neighborhood planning processes to a nonprofit in Oklahoma City. Using thirty-nine interviews with municipal staff, nonprofit employees, and stakeholders, we examine the benefits and consequences of this contracting relationship on participatory processes. The findings reveal that the nonprofit excels at grassroots resident engagement but also faces constraints due to contract benchmarks. The findings offer implications on co-creating subcontractor goals and disparate neighborhood planning service outcomes.
{"title":"Outsourcing Neighborhood Planning Processes? A Case Study of a Nonprofit in the City of Oklahoma City","authors":"C. A. Lee, John C. Harris","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221131743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221131743","url":null,"abstract":"Nonprofits are key in local community development and often work in tandem with or against municipal governments in neighborhood planning. We focus on a unique case of a local government that largely contracts neighborhood planning processes to a nonprofit in Oklahoma City. Using thirty-nine interviews with municipal staff, nonprofit employees, and stakeholders, we examine the benefits and consequences of this contracting relationship on participatory processes. The findings reveal that the nonprofit excels at grassroots resident engagement but also faces constraints due to contract benchmarks. The findings offer implications on co-creating subcontractor goals and disparate neighborhood planning service outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44057818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221129173
Zhenhua Chen, Junmei Cheng
We introduced a research framework for the economic impact assessment of smart city investment using a computable general equilibrium model. Smart Columbus, the first smart city initiative funded by the U.S. federal government to improve urban mobility in central Ohio, was adopted as a case study. The analysis shows that smart city investment has varying effects on the local economy during the construction and operational phases. In addition, the results of distributional impacts on household income suggest that social equity should be given more attention in future planning and decision-making on smart city development, both in Columbus and beyond.
{"title":"Economic Impact of Smart City Investment: Evidence from the Smart Columbus Projects","authors":"Zhenhua Chen, Junmei Cheng","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221129173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221129173","url":null,"abstract":"We introduced a research framework for the economic impact assessment of smart city investment using a computable general equilibrium model. Smart Columbus, the first smart city initiative funded by the U.S. federal government to improve urban mobility in central Ohio, was adopted as a case study. The analysis shows that smart city investment has varying effects on the local economy during the construction and operational phases. In addition, the results of distributional impacts on household income suggest that social equity should be given more attention in future planning and decision-making on smart city development, both in Columbus and beyond.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46621518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-27DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221128501
L. Fang, Jamaal W. Green, Xinyue Ye, Wei Shi
Urban data science (UDS) is developing rapidly and starting to be widely adopted in urban planning research and curricula. However, economic development planners have been relatively slow in introducing UDS into their toolkits. This reality is a disservice to the subfield and students. This article discusses the motivation and current practices of UDS in economic development, identifies successes and challenges, and suggests actions moving forward. Professional training, curriculum innovation, and support from departments, institutions, and the broader academic and professional communities are called for.
{"title":"Time to Upgrade Our Tools: Integrating Urban Data Science into Economic Development Research and Curriculum","authors":"L. Fang, Jamaal W. Green, Xinyue Ye, Wei Shi","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221128501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221128501","url":null,"abstract":"Urban data science (UDS) is developing rapidly and starting to be widely adopted in urban planning research and curricula. However, economic development planners have been relatively slow in introducing UDS into their toolkits. This reality is a disservice to the subfield and students. This article discusses the motivation and current practices of UDS in economic development, identifies successes and challenges, and suggests actions moving forward. Professional training, curriculum innovation, and support from departments, institutions, and the broader academic and professional communities are called for.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43376041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1177/0739456x221126625
A. Azhdari, Mehdi Alidadi, D. Pojani
Is the compact city more likely to materialize if development is guided by the “invisible hand” of the market or the government’s “iron fist”? This article explores this question in the context of Shiraz, a medium-sized, medium-density city in south-central Iran. Through a series of longitudinal analyses, we examine the roles of the market and planning along thirty years, from the mid-1980s through the mid-2010s. The study reveals that since the mid-2000s, market forces have superseded government planning in guiding urban development in Shiraz. The government has reduced its interventions in the market: it no longer issues public land for housing development. Combined with natural constraints and sociodemographic pressures, this new planning/market balance has produced a denser and more compact city than ever before. Shiraz has been transformed from a city of villas, nightingales, and gardens into one dominated by mid- and high-rise apartment towers. The direction and intensity of development have not followed the recommendations of local planners and plans. Rather, they have been driven primarily by developers and residents. Regardless, density and compactness are generally positive—as long as housing and infrastructure quality are sustained, and residents have good access to parks, open spaces, and natural sunlight.
{"title":"What Drives Urban Densification? Free Market versus Government Planning in Iran","authors":"A. Azhdari, Mehdi Alidadi, D. Pojani","doi":"10.1177/0739456x221126625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x221126625","url":null,"abstract":"Is the compact city more likely to materialize if development is guided by the “invisible hand” of the market or the government’s “iron fist”? This article explores this question in the context of Shiraz, a medium-sized, medium-density city in south-central Iran. Through a series of longitudinal analyses, we examine the roles of the market and planning along thirty years, from the mid-1980s through the mid-2010s. The study reveals that since the mid-2000s, market forces have superseded government planning in guiding urban development in Shiraz. The government has reduced its interventions in the market: it no longer issues public land for housing development. Combined with natural constraints and sociodemographic pressures, this new planning/market balance has produced a denser and more compact city than ever before. Shiraz has been transformed from a city of villas, nightingales, and gardens into one dominated by mid- and high-rise apartment towers. The direction and intensity of development have not followed the recommendations of local planners and plans. Rather, they have been driven primarily by developers and residents. Regardless, density and compactness are generally positive—as long as housing and infrastructure quality are sustained, and residents have good access to parks, open spaces, and natural sunlight.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42094510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-11DOI: 10.1177/0739456X221125443
Deirdre Pfeiffer, Meagan M. Ehlenz, Rababe Saadaoui
This research addresses how the COVID-19 pandemic affected neighborhood engagement by exploring the use of streets, sidewalks, and driveways as sociable spaces for informal and uncoordinated creative expression. We assessed practices occurring in three diverse City of Phoenix neighborhoods before and during the pandemic through visual analysis. We show that residents used these spaces in novel and more intensive ways during the pandemic, including for self-care and care of others, celebrations, children’s play, and property-spanning games and communication. These findings reveal the importance of these interstitial spaces in helping neighbors to cope and connect during societal disruptions.
{"title":"Coping and Connecting through Creativity in the Neighborhood Realm during COVID-19","authors":"Deirdre Pfeiffer, Meagan M. Ehlenz, Rababe Saadaoui","doi":"10.1177/0739456X221125443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X221125443","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses how the COVID-19 pandemic affected neighborhood engagement by exploring the use of streets, sidewalks, and driveways as sociable spaces for informal and uncoordinated creative expression. We assessed practices occurring in three diverse City of Phoenix neighborhoods before and during the pandemic through visual analysis. We show that residents used these spaces in novel and more intensive ways during the pandemic, including for self-care and care of others, celebrations, children’s play, and property-spanning games and communication. These findings reveal the importance of these interstitial spaces in helping neighbors to cope and connect during societal disruptions.","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47308418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronica Scarselli, Melania Martucci, Maria Novelli, Serena Galosi, Maria Romani, Carla Sogos
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity is common in clinical practice and it seems to be related to shared etiological mechanisms and genetic susceptibility. Moreover, occurrence of psychosis can further complicate these complex clinical pictures. Here, we discuss the case of a nine-years-old boy presenting with an episode of abnormal sustained posture of the upper limbs, resembling dystonia, at the age of 3. At this time, auditory and visual hallucinations, as well as obsessive thoughts and attentional lability were also present and a diagnosis of "Early onset psychosis" was initially made. Due to the worsening of clinical picture, several hospitalizations were necessary and pharmacological treatment with carbamazepine, risperidone and aripiprazole was carried out. Extensive clinic evaluation revealed a past medical and personal history of toe walking, weak social skills and stereotyped behavior observed and ADOS-2 Module 2 administration revealed severe Autism scores. Moreover, signs of attention and hyperactivity were consistent with ADHD diagnosis. This work highlights the importance of a complete diagnostic assessment in patients with complex presentation, suggesting the possible overlap diagnosis of ADHD and Autism even in presence of psychotic-like symptoms.
{"title":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Comorbid ASD, ADHD and Psychosis: A Case Report.","authors":"Veronica Scarselli, Melania Martucci, Maria Novelli, Serena Galosi, Maria Romani, Carla Sogos","doi":"10.3390/bs12100382","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs12100382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity is common in clinical practice and it seems to be related to shared etiological mechanisms and genetic susceptibility. Moreover, occurrence of psychosis can further complicate these complex clinical pictures. Here, we discuss the case of a nine-years-old boy presenting with an episode of abnormal sustained posture of the upper limbs, resembling dystonia, at the age of 3. At this time, auditory and visual hallucinations, as well as obsessive thoughts and attentional lability were also present and a diagnosis of \"Early onset psychosis\" was initially made. Due to the worsening of clinical picture, several hospitalizations were necessary and pharmacological treatment with carbamazepine, risperidone and aripiprazole was carried out. Extensive clinic evaluation revealed a past medical and personal history of toe walking, weak social skills and stereotyped behavior observed and ADOS-2 Module 2 administration revealed severe Autism scores. Moreover, signs of attention and hyperactivity were consistent with ADHD diagnosis. This work highlights the importance of a complete diagnostic assessment in patients with complex presentation, suggesting the possible overlap diagnosis of ADHD and Autism even in presence of psychotic-like symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16793,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Planning Education and Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9598192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87280142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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