Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100005
Márcia María Tait Lima, V. B. D. Jesus
The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of women in the development of agroecological thought in Brazil, which has been discussed as a proposal that combines science, technology and social movement guided by ethical and epistemological premises in which the environmental features, cultural plurality, respect for diff erent peoples, as well as non-exploitation in labor and commercial relations are central. Although agroecological thought is progressive, it has been maintained in various discussions among peasants themselves and within militant and Brazilian academic environments that it still reproduces gender inequality. Agroecology is, broadly speaking, a form of family farming that has always had widespread participation of women. However, it has only been in a little more than the past two decades that female labor in family farming, and also in agroecology, has been considered in a way that takes into account its real contribution. We will discuss that there is no agroecology without feminism, in the sense that there are women, who occupy central positions and maintain various types of resistance to the conventional model of agricultural production within the organization of agroecological social movements, and in their associative productive practices. This seemingly paradoxical relationship between relevant contributions of women to agroecology and the denial of gender issues in it will be discussed, seeking to establish dialogues between women’s contribution to agroecological thought and the feminist perspective
{"title":"Questões sobre gênero e tecnologia na construção da agroecologia","authors":"Márcia María Tait Lima, V. B. D. Jesus","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100005","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of women in the development of agroecological thought in Brazil, which has been discussed as a proposal that combines science, technology and social movement guided by ethical and epistemological premises in which the environmental features, cultural plurality, respect for diff erent peoples, as well as non-exploitation in labor and commercial relations are central. Although agroecological thought is progressive, it has been maintained in various discussions among peasants themselves and within militant and Brazilian academic environments that it still reproduces gender inequality. Agroecology is, broadly speaking, a form of family farming that has always had widespread participation of women. However, it has only been in a little more than the past two decades that female labor in family farming, and also in agroecology, has been considered in a way that takes into account its real contribution. We will discuss that there is no agroecology without feminism, in the sense that there are women, who occupy central positions and maintain various types of resistance to the conventional model of agricultural production within the organization of agroecological social movements, and in their associative productive practices. This seemingly paradoxical relationship between relevant contributions of women to agroecology and the denial of gender issues in it will be discussed, seeking to establish dialogues between women’s contribution to agroecological thought and the feminist perspective","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129021503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-14DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100004
Tania Pérez-Bustos
The central thesis of this paper is that feminist studies produced in Latin America are inaudible to Anglo Saxon feminists. In dialogue with the voices of academics from Argentina, Mexico and Colombia, this thesis is elaborated from three perspectives. First, a geopolitics of knowledge that builds singular forms of systematic ignorance versus what happens in Latin America by Anglo-Saxon scholars. Second, the mechanisms by which this systematic ignorance is co-confi gured, on the one hand, by the monetization of the academy in Latin America, particularly through the generation of integrated informational systems to measure knowledge production, and, on the other hand, by the views adopted by some feminist scholars in the region who seek to resist this power relationship to which they are subjected. Third, a diff erent resistance to not listen to the Anglo-Saxon feminist scholars, expressed in the will of weaving cross dialogues, to negotiate, and thus to reconfi gure the exclusion from the canon; a search that is not free of diffi culties and frustrations
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Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200007
Guilherme Rodrigues Neto
Este artigo faz uma breve apresentacao do percurso teorico empreendido por Thomas Hobbes no domi- nio de suas teorias sobre a luz e a percepcao visual. Pretende-se mostrar que a sucessao das teorias opticas elaboradas por Hobbes orienta-se em direcao a uma crescente mecanizacao e articulacao dos aspectos “externos” e “internos” que concorrem para a producao da sensacao. A doutrina hobbesiana da luz e da visao parece ter sido a unica teoria disponivel na primeira metade do seculo xvii que pretendeu formular uma explicacao completa e unificada acerca do mecanismo da percepcao sensorial, ou de reduzi-lo unicamente aos efeitos do “movimento local”
{"title":"Hobbes e a óptica","authors":"Guilherme Rodrigues Neto","doi":"10.11606/S1678-31662016000200007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/S1678-31662016000200007","url":null,"abstract":"Este artigo faz uma breve apresentacao do percurso teorico empreendido por Thomas Hobbes no domi- nio de suas teorias sobre a luz e a percepcao visual. Pretende-se mostrar que a sucessao das teorias opticas elaboradas por Hobbes orienta-se em direcao a uma crescente mecanizacao e articulacao dos aspectos “externos” e “internos” que concorrem para a producao da sensacao. A doutrina hobbesiana da luz e da visao parece ter sido a unica teoria disponivel na primeira metade do seculo xvii que pretendeu formular uma explicacao completa e unificada acerca do mecanismo da percepcao sensorial, ou de reduzi-lo unicamente aos efeitos do “movimento local”","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116704982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200003
B. Moura
Neste artigo, apresento um estudo sobre as teorias vibracionais da luz desenvolvidas no seculo xviii. E bem sabido que esse seculo foi dominado pelas ideias newtonianas, o que teve impacto nao somente no desenvolvimento da propria filosofia natural, mas espalhou-se para outros campos do conhecimento. Na optica, em particular, houve um predominio da concepcao corpuscular, embasada pela Optica de Newton, publicada em 1704. Entretanto, havia dissidentes. No decorrer do seculo xviii, alguns filosofos naturais criticaram a concepcao corpuscular e buscaram desenvolver modelos alternativos, fundamentados em teorias vibracionais da luz. Eu me proponho elucidar os pontos principais dessas teorias, bem como discutir por que elas nao repercutiram de maneira significativa
{"title":"Vibrational theories of light in 18th century Great Britain","authors":"B. Moura","doi":"10.11606/S1678-31662016000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/S1678-31662016000200003","url":null,"abstract":"Neste artigo, apresento um estudo sobre as teorias vibracionais da luz desenvolvidas no seculo xviii. E bem sabido que esse seculo foi dominado pelas ideias newtonianas, o que teve impacto nao somente no desenvolvimento da propria filosofia natural, mas espalhou-se para outros campos do conhecimento. Na optica, em particular, houve um predominio da concepcao corpuscular, embasada pela Optica de Newton, publicada em 1704. Entretanto, havia dissidentes. No decorrer do seculo xviii, alguns filosofos naturais criticaram a concepcao corpuscular e buscaram desenvolver modelos alternativos, fundamentados em teorias vibracionais da luz. Eu me proponho elucidar os pontos principais dessas teorias, bem como discutir por que elas nao repercutiram de maneira significativa","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131162532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200002
M. Levinas, S. Vidal
resumen En este artículo formulamos una serie de hipótesis sobre las enigmáticas representaciones cartográficas de 1507 de Martin Waldseemüller haciendo hincapié en los vínculos existentes entre su cosmografía y la cosmología copernicana. El inicio del proceso de conceptualización de una “cuarta parte” del mundo a la que Waldseemüller denominó “America” involucró una profunda revisión de las especulaciones filosóficas formuladas por la tradición acerca de las características de la Tierra. Su mapamundi que, cubriendo 360°, ampliaba al doble la representación ptolemaica, favoreció el incremento de las dimensiones adjudicadas, tanto a la Tierra como al universo, lo cual fortaleció la idea, por entonces muy difundida, del movimiento terrestre; dos cuestiones que resultarían cruciales para el desarrollo de la ciencia moderna. Asimismo, indagar en los cruces de la obra de Waldseemüller y Copérnico, nos permite reflexionar sobre los logros y las contradicciones propios de la ciencia renacentista, discutir su manera peculiar de interpretar los descubrimientos de las nuevas tierras y establecer las consecuencias de sus modos de procesar la información.
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Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200009
D. Liscia, J. Legris
Due mainly to his monumental Geschichte der Logik im Abendlande (History of logic in the West) Carl Prantl (1820-1888) was rapidly acknowledged internationally as a historian of logic. This work, however, was by no means the only result of his extremely prolific research, teaching and activity in scientific organization. Prantl produced a variety of works in the field of philosophical logic, history, philosophy, and history of philosophy. Furthermore, he was an outstanding translator of classical works. In some of these works he pursued themes found in contemporary philosophy of science and its history. Especially noteworthy in this respect is his lecture to the Bavarian Academy of Science entitled “Galileo and Kepler as logicians”, in which he briefly, but with genuine philosophical insight, analyzed the main epistemological notions operating in Galileo’s physics and Kepler’s astronomy. The main aim of this article is to make available to the Spanish reader an annotated translation of this text, and an introduction on Prantl’s work and life, so Daniel Antonio Di Liscia & Javier Legris scientiæ zudia, São Paulo, v. 14, n. 2, p. 527-39, 2016 536 that Prantl’s valuable contribution may be appreciated to its full extent. In order to make Prantl’s text useful to current research we have updated the information on Galileo and Kepler. Finally, the reader will appreciate how significant Prantl’s approach was for the future, that is, for current studies in the history and philosophy of science.
卡尔·普兰特尔(1820-1888)主要由于其不朽的《西方逻辑史》而迅速成为国际上公认的逻辑学史学家。然而,这项工作绝不是他在科学组织中极其多产的研究、教学和活动的唯一成果。普朗特尔在哲学逻辑、历史、哲学和哲学史等领域发表了大量著作。此外,他还是一位杰出的经典译家。在其中一些作品中,他追求当代科学哲学及其历史的主题。在这方面特别值得注意的是他在巴伐利亚科学院的题为“作为逻辑学家的伽利略和开普勒”的演讲,在演讲中,他以真正的哲学洞察力简要地分析了伽利略物理学和开普勒天文学中主要的认识论概念。本文的主要目的是向西班牙读者提供本文的注释翻译,并介绍Prantl的工作和生活,因此Daniel Antonio Di Liscia和Javier Legris scientiæ zudia, s o Paulo, v. 14, n. 2, p. 527- 39,2016 536, Prantl的宝贵贡献可能会得到充分的赞赏。为了使普朗特尔的文本对当前的研究有用,我们更新了关于伽利略和开普勒的信息。最后,读者将体会到普朗特尔的方法对未来,也就是对当前科学史和科学哲学的研究有多么重要。
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Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200005
João Príncipe
This article presents and analyzes the reflections of Ernst Cassirer on technology. First we study his philosophy of symbolic forms, showing their allegiance to the Kantian transcendental method, and we also consider German thought on technology, with its specific interest in the relations with culture. In the essay “Form and technique” (1930) Cassirer examines the specific essence of the technique as a symbolic form as well as its relations with other symbolic forms: myth, art, science and ethics. In the book The myth of the state (1946), Cassirer analyses the genealogy of the Aryan myth and the technology of propaganda used by the Nazis, and thereby explains the construction of totalitarian ideology by reference to the fusion of technology with myth. Cassirer’s view of the field of culture is dramatic, in opposition to the tragic vision of Simmel. For him, the mission of philosophy is to provide logical consciousness of culture, simultaneously being able to think against and beyond the present time
本文介绍并分析了恩斯特·卡西尔对技术的思考。首先,我们研究了他的符号形式哲学,展示了他们对康德先验方法的忠诚,我们也考虑了德国关于技术的思想,以及它对与文化关系的特殊兴趣。在《形式与技术》(1930)一文中,卡西尔考察了作为一种象征形式的技术的具体本质,以及它与神话、艺术、科学和伦理等其他象征形式的关系。在《国家的神话》(the myth of the state, 1946)一书中,卡西尔分析了雅利安神话和纳粹所用的宣传技术的谱系,从而通过技术与神话的融合来解释极权主义意识形态的建构。卡西尔对文化领域的看法是戏剧性的,与齐美尔的悲剧观点相反。对他来说,哲学的使命是提供文化的逻辑意识,同时能够反对和超越当下的思考
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Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200004
Bento Cavadas
Na sequencia da comemoracao do Ano Internacional da Luz (2015), o objetivo principal deste artigo e mostrar como o sentido da visao foi abordado nos programas e manuais escolares de ciencias naturais publicados na primeira metade do seculo xx em Portugal. Para tal, utilizou-se um metodo de carater qualitativo assente no conceito de transposicao didatica de Chevallard. A analise dos conteudos programaticos de ciencias naturais mostrou que o sentido da visao foi associado ao estudo da rubrica dos orgaos dos sentidos. A descricao anatomica do sentido da visao organizou-se essencialmente em torno do globo ocular e dos orgaos acessorios do olho. A analise dos manuais mostrou que a transposicao didatica do conhecimento cientifico sobre o sentido da visao se expressou atraves de descricoes minuciosas das membranas e humores do olho, orgaos acessorios e da constituicao e funcionamento do aparelho lacrimal. Os autores revelaram tambem um conhecimento aprofundado do mecanismo da visao, explicando com clareza o percurso da luz e a formacao das imagens atraves dos varios constituintes do globo ocular ate a retina. Os manuais publicados nas primeiras duas decadas do seculo xx foram mais exaustivos na abordagem a esses orgaos e ao mecanismo da visao do que os publicados entre as decadas de 1930 e 1950
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Pub Date : 2016-12-30DOI: 10.11606/S1678-31662016000200010
Carl Prantl
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