Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200002
Andrew Feenberg
This article argues that Gilbert Simondon's theory of concretization is useful for both science and technology studies (STS) and political theory. By "concretization" Simondon means the process of multiplying the functions served by the structures of a device. He gives the example of the air cooled engine which combines cooling and containment in a single structure, the engine case. Concretization contrasts with "abstract" designs that add structures for each function, complicating the device and reducing its efficiency. According to Simondon the normal evolution of technologies can be traced in successive concretizations. The aim of this paper is to concretize in a single conceptual framework the functionally distinct notions of "concretization" in Simondon and "actors" in STS. The combination has important political applications. It shows how apparently contradictory demands can be reconciled through innovation. For example, we are often told that adding new environmental functions to existing technologies will trade off ideology for efficiency. Instead, the new framework opens a perspective on the radical transformation of technology required by ecological modernization and sustainability. In so doing, it suggests a way of reconstructing the Frankfurt School's "rational critique of reason" and Marcuse's notion of "technological rationality".
{"title":"Simondon e o construtivismo: uma contribuição recursiva à teoria da concretização","authors":"Andrew Feenberg","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200002","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that Gilbert Simondon's theory of concretization is useful for both science and technology studies (STS) and political theory. By \"concretization\" Simondon means the process of multiplying the functions served by the structures of a device. He gives the example of the air cooled engine which combines cooling and containment in a single structure, the engine case. Concretization contrasts with \"abstract\" designs that add structures for each function, complicating the device and reducing its efficiency. According to Simondon the normal evolution of technologies can be traced in successive concretizations. The aim of this paper is to concretize in a single conceptual framework the functionally distinct notions of \"concretization\" in Simondon and \"actors\" in STS. The combination has important political applications. It shows how apparently contradictory demands can be reconciled through innovation. For example, we are often told that adding new environmental functions to existing technologies will trade off ideology for efficiency. Instead, the new framework opens a perspective on the radical transformation of technology required by ecological modernization and sustainability. In so doing, it suggests a way of reconstructing the Frankfurt School's \"rational critique of reason\" and Marcuse's notion of \"technological rationality\".","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121556146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200008
J. Barrientos-Parra
Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias e Letras de Araraquara Departamento de Administracao Publica
圣保罗州立大学 阿拉拉夸拉科学与文学学院 公共管理系
{"title":"Revisitando o pensamento de Jacques Ellul na sociedade do século XXI","authors":"J. Barrientos-Parra","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200008","url":null,"abstract":"Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Ciencias e Letras de Araraquara Departamento de Administracao Publica","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132853046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200003
Ivan Domingues
This article aims to clarify the relationship between cybernetics and mechanology in Simondon's work, considering his two doctoral theses and the interview he gave in 1968 to Jean Le Moyne, at the request of the Quebec Film Office in Canada. In this interview the use of "mechanology" is predominant, in contrast with the theses, where it suffers from competition with terms such as "allagmatics" and "organology", leaving the term "cybernetics" in the shade. Cybernetics is celebrated in France in 1962, in the context of the famous Royaumont Colloquia, when Norbert Wiener was honored and cybernetics occupies the whole scene, with Simondon's active participation in the event organization, This situation leads experts to question the fate of the word "cybernetics" in his work, in the case the second cybernetics was at stake, instead of the first one, but that only came to light later. More than a subject of historiographical interest, the article aims to evoke an epistemic interest in the philosophy of technology. The challenge is to shed light on a question that still remains obscure: the relationships among technology, engineering and science.
本文旨在通过西蒙东的两篇博士论文以及他在1968年应加拿大魁北克电影办公室的要求接受Jean Le Moyne的采访，阐明他的作品中控制论和机械学之间的关系。在这次采访中，“机械学”的使用占主导地位，与论文相反，它受到“allagmatics”和“organology”等术语的竞争，使“控制论”一词黯然失色。1962年，控制论在法国举行了著名的皇家学术会议，当时诺伯特·维纳获得了荣誉，控制论占据了整个舞台，西蒙东积极参与了活动的组织，这种情况导致专家们质疑“控制论”这个词在他的工作中的命运，在这种情况下，第二个控制论受到威胁，而不是第一个控制论，但这只是后来才发现的。这篇文章不仅仅是一个史学兴趣的主题，它旨在唤起人们对技术哲学的认识论兴趣。我们面临的挑战是阐明一个仍然不为人知的问题:技术、工程和科学之间的关系。
{"title":"Simondon, a cibernética e a mecanologia","authors":"Ivan Domingues","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200003","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to clarify the relationship between cybernetics and mechanology in Simondon's work, considering his two doctoral theses and the interview he gave in 1968 to Jean Le Moyne, at the request of the Quebec Film Office in Canada. In this interview the use of \"mechanology\" is predominant, in contrast with the theses, where it suffers from competition with terms such as \"allagmatics\" and \"organology\", leaving the term \"cybernetics\" in the shade. Cybernetics is celebrated in France in 1962, in the context of the famous Royaumont Colloquia, when Norbert Wiener was honored and cybernetics occupies the whole scene, with Simondon's active participation in the event organization, This situation leads experts to question the fate of the word \"cybernetics\" in his work, in the case the second cybernetics was at stake, instead of the first one, but that only came to light later. More than a subject of historiographical interest, the article aims to evoke an epistemic interest in the philosophy of technology. The challenge is to shed light on a question that still remains obscure: the relationships among technology, engineering and science.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124282422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200004
W. Lopes
The present article aims to show the meaning of the biological philosophy of technique in Gilbert Simondon. This concept puts into action a reading of the French philosopher's philosophy of technique as a regional ontology within his ontogenetic general ontology, which in that particular scheme is based on an organic model. We will elaborate this to show that the individuation of technical objects, their concretization marked by their functional overdetermination, forces us to think of them in its organicity and from a general organology. Moreover, the concepts of adaptation and associated environment also contribute as biological aspects that accompany Simondon's conception of the mode of existence of technical beings. As a result, we will see that the more concrete and adapted the technical object is - in the series of its specific evolution - the more it comes closer to the proper biological individuality. This approximation will not have, however, the meaning of a complete assimilation between the technical (especially the machinical) and the organic. In the vital self-production, Simondon demonstrates that there always remains something beyond the machinical, namely, the idea of an absolute vital source of technical objects as a "guided mutation". We will show that such a source is not merely human, but also extends to other spheres of the vital domain.
{"title":"Gilbert Simondon e uma filosofia biológica da técnica","authors":"W. Lopes","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200004","url":null,"abstract":"The present article aims to show the meaning of the biological philosophy of technique in Gilbert Simondon. This concept puts into action a reading of the French philosopher's philosophy of technique as a regional ontology within his ontogenetic general ontology, which in that particular scheme is based on an organic model. We will elaborate this to show that the individuation of technical objects, their concretization marked by their functional overdetermination, forces us to think of them in its organicity and from a general organology. Moreover, the concepts of adaptation and associated environment also contribute as biological aspects that accompany Simondon's conception of the mode of existence of technical beings. As a result, we will see that the more concrete and adapted the technical object is - in the series of its specific evolution - the more it comes closer to the proper biological individuality. This approximation will not have, however, the meaning of a complete assimilation between the technical (especially the machinical) and the organic. In the vital self-production, Simondon demonstrates that there always remains something beyond the machinical, namely, the idea of an absolute vital source of technical objects as a \"guided mutation\". We will show that such a source is not merely human, but also extends to other spheres of the vital domain.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128538710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200011
Rodolfo Franco Puttini
Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Saude Publica
Sao保罗州立大学博图卡图医学院公共卫生部门
{"title":"Ética, conhecimento e vida","authors":"Rodolfo Franco Puttini","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200011","url":null,"abstract":"Universidade Estadual de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Departamento de Saude Publica","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128417648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200005
V. Safatle
AbstractThis article aims to discuss the possibility of a bio-political approach that wouldn't be just the description of disciplinary mechanisms of bodies' administration and the calculating administration of life, but that could provide the ground for a social criticism of contemporary capitalism. This bio-political approach is derived from Georges Canguilhem's vitalism with its discussions about vital normativity, the relationship between normal and pathological and the characteristic errancy of vital activity. At the end, we will see how the inner process of the concept of life could appear as a major strategy for the reorientation of critical thought and a theory on the concept of norms.
{"title":"Uma certa latitude: Georges Canguilhem, biopolítica e vida como errância","authors":"V. Safatle","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200005","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article aims to discuss the possibility of a bio-political approach that wouldn't be just the description of disciplinary mechanisms of bodies' administration and the calculating administration of life, but that could provide the ground for a social criticism of contemporary capitalism. This bio-political approach is derived from Georges Canguilhem's vitalism with its discussions about vital normativity, the relationship between normal and pathological and the characteristic errancy of vital activity. At the end, we will see how the inner process of the concept of life could appear as a major strategy for the reorientation of critical thought and a theory on the concept of norms.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122015916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200010
M. Camolezi
{"title":"Sobre o conceito de invenção em Gilbert Simondon","authors":"M. Camolezi","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129859346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200007
B. Moura, Cibelle Celestino Silva
ResumoNo inicio do seculo xviii, Isaac Newton publicou seu principal trabalho sobre optica, o Opticks (Optica). Impregnado por uma perspectiva indutiva, o livro logo se tornou a principal referencia para os estudos sobre a luz e as cores, sendo amplamente popularizado pelos seguidores de Newton. Neste artigo, analisamos como dois importantes livros contribuiram para essa popularizacao e tambem qual era a imagem de ciencia que tencionavam propagar, o Elements de la philosophie de Newton (Elementos da filosofia de Newton) de Voltaire e o Newtonianismo per le dame (Newtonianismo para as damas) de Algarotti. Sera possivel perceber que ambos os autores distorceram o conteudo do livro de Newton, no intuito de propagar uma imagem idealizada das ideias newtonianas e da propria filosofia natural.
{"title":"Voltaire e Algarotti: divulgadores da óptica de Newton na Europa do século XVIII","authors":"B. Moura, Cibelle Celestino Silva","doi":"10.1590/S1678-31662015000200007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-31662015000200007","url":null,"abstract":"ResumoNo inicio do seculo xviii, Isaac Newton publicou seu principal trabalho sobre optica, o Opticks (Optica). Impregnado por uma perspectiva indutiva, o livro logo se tornou a principal referencia para os estudos sobre a luz e as cores, sendo amplamente popularizado pelos seguidores de Newton. Neste artigo, analisamos como dois importantes livros contribuiram para essa popularizacao e tambem qual era a imagem de ciencia que tencionavam propagar, o Elements de la philosophie de Newton (Elementos da filosofia de Newton) de Voltaire e o Newtonianismo per le dame (Newtonianismo para as damas) de Algarotti. Sera possivel perceber que ambos os autores distorceram o conteudo do livro de Newton, no intuito de propagar uma imagem idealizada das ideias newtonianas e da propria filosofia natural.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126085810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.1590/S1678-31662015000200012
María Alexandra Vásquez Valencia
En el ano 2012, la editorial Fiocruz publico la version original en portugues del libro Loucos e degenerados. Uma genealogia da psiquiatria ampliada (reimpresa en 2014) de la investigadora y filosofa Sandra Caponi, version que fue nominada en 2013 al premio Jabuti – uno de los mas relevantes y tradicionales premios del libro en Brasil – en la categoria “psicologia e psicoanalisis”. Esta obra que ha ido adquiriendo gran reconocimiento entre profesionales e investigadores latinoamericanos, especialmente brasilenos (cf. Rebelo, 2013; Santos, 2013; Martinez, 2013), dedicados al estudio de la historia de las ciencias, la medicina, la salud mental y la psiquiatria, ahora puede ser consultada en idioma espanol, gracias a la reciente edicion de Lugar Editorial de Argentina. Y sera esa edicion en espanol que aqui se citara y referira. Durante los anos 1960 y 1970, comienza a desarrollarse una serie de criticas sobre la forma como la psiquiatria ejerce su poder en las poblaciones. Esas criticas provienen no solo de investigadores de las ciencias sociales y humanas, sino tambien de algunos psiquiatras, muchos de ellos interesados en evidenciar el internamiento forzado y las pesimas condiciones de vida de las personas diagnosticadas como enfermos mentales, asi como la falta de validez del diagnostico psiquiatrico (cf. Goffman, 1974; Foucault, 1961, 1963; Cooper, 1968; Laing, 1961; Basaglia, 1987; Rosen, 1974; Szasz, 1973). A las criticas dirigidas a las instituciones manicomiales, la lucha por la desinstitucionalizacion del tratamiento de las alteraciones mentales, la medicalizacion forzada y la critica al modelo medico, se suman un conjunto de cambios sociopoliticos, scientiae zudia, Sao Paulo, v. 13, n. 2, p. 459-69, 2015
2012年，菲奥克鲁兹出版社出版了《疯狂与堕落》一书的葡萄牙原版。《Uma genealogia da psiquiatria extended》(2014年再版)，作者是研究员和哲学家桑德拉·卡波尼(Sandra Caponi)，该版本在2013年被提名为Jabuti奖——巴西最相关和最传统的图书奖之一——在“心理学和精神分析”类别。这项工作在拉丁美洲，特别是巴西的专业人士和研究人员中获得了很大的认可(参见Rebelo, 2013;桑托斯,2013年;Martinez, 2013)，致力于科学史、医学、心理健康和精神病学的研究，现在可以用西班牙语查阅，这要感谢最近出版的Lugar Editorial de Argentina。这将是这里引用和引用的西班牙语版本。在20世纪60年代和70年代，对精神病学在人口中行使权力的方式提出了一系列批评。这些批评来自社会和人文科学的研究不能只告诉他们,而是一些精神病学家,其中许多详情真挚的强迫收容条件pesimas等人被诊断出精神病人的生命,就是缺乏有效diagnostico psiquiatrico (cf Goffman, 1974年;福柯，1961,1963;库珀,1968年;莱恩,1961;Basaglia, 1987;罗森,1974年;Szasz, 1973)。manicomiales机构领导的批评,争取desinstitucionalizacion精神病变的治疗,被迫medicalizacion和批评了医生的模式,加入了该更改集sociopoliticos, scientiae zudia圣保罗,v . 13, n . 2, p . 459-69, 2015
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