Two fundamental questions for social work are considered: one normative and one positive. First, is it possible for social work practice to be based on an objective that maximises social welfare; and second, does social work practice actually conform to some objective, which may or may not maximise social welfare? These two questions are addressed in the context of one of the most important decisions made by social workers - the placement decision. It is argued that deriving a societal objective faces formidable theoretical problems, and that even if a well-defined criterion was available, actual social work decisions would still be inconsistent due to a lack of the requisite information and different interpretations of the available data. It is argued that the substantial empirical evidence from around the world on the placement decision provides little evidence of consistent decision making. This may be because the statistical analyses have lacked the data and techniques necessary to detect the underlying patterns, or because placement decisions are largely random. The apparent absence of clear objectives, either specified by society or accepted custom and practice, places social workers in a very difficult position, making them open to press criticism and victimization, even though they acted entirely competently.
{"title":"Normative and Positive Social Work in the Context of the Placement Decision: A Defence of Social Workers","authors":"K. Bhatti‐Sinclair, C. Sutcliffe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3394836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3394836","url":null,"abstract":"Two fundamental questions for social work are considered: one normative and one positive. First, is it possible for social work practice to be based on an objective that maximises social welfare; and second, does social work practice actually conform to some objective, which may or may not maximise social welfare? These two questions are addressed in the context of one of the most important decisions made by social workers - the placement decision. It is argued that deriving a societal objective faces formidable theoretical problems, and that even if a well-defined criterion was available, actual social work decisions would still be inconsistent due to a lack of the requisite information and different interpretations of the available data. It is argued that the substantial empirical evidence from around the world on the placement decision provides little evidence of consistent decision making. This may be because the statistical analyses have lacked the data and techniques necessary to detect the underlying patterns, or because placement decisions are largely random. The apparent absence of clear objectives, either specified by society or accepted custom and practice, places social workers in a very difficult position, making them open to press criticism and victimization, even though they acted entirely competently.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131716802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does one's childhood neighborhood shape political engagement later in life? We study voting rates of children who were displaced by public housing demolitions and moved to higher opportunity areas using housing vouchers. Those displaced during childhood had 11% (2pp) higher participation in the 2016 Presidential election and were 10% (2.9pp) more likely to vote in any general election. We argue that the results are unlikely to be driven by changes in incarceration or parental outcomes, but rather by political socialization or improvements in education and earnings. These results suggest that housing assistance programs may reduce inequality in political participation.
{"title":"Moved to Vote: The Long-Run Effects of Neighborhoods on Political Participation","authors":"Eric T. Chyn, Kareem Haggag","doi":"10.3386/w26515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26515","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How does one's childhood neighborhood shape political engagement later in life? We study voting rates of children who were displaced by public housing demolitions and moved to higher opportunity areas using housing vouchers. Those displaced during childhood had 11% (2pp) higher participation in the 2016 Presidential election and were 10% (2.9pp) more likely to vote in any general election. We argue that the results are unlikely to be driven by changes in incarceration or parental outcomes, but rather by political socialization or improvements in education and earnings. These results suggest that housing assistance programs may reduce inequality in political participation.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margherita Billeri, M. Limosani, Emanuele Millemaci, Fabio Monteforte
This paper provides new evidence on the existence of a political budget cycle at the intermediate governance level. The empirical analysis is conducted on a panel dataset of the Italian regions over the period 2000-2016. Regional primary deficits are found to be significantly higher in the last year of office and in the election year with respect to the other years of office. Results are robust across the different methods and specification considered, and do not vary even if we restrict the sample time-span or distinguish between regional statutes.
{"title":"Political Budget Cycle at the Intermediate Governance Level: Evidence from Italian Regions","authors":"Margherita Billeri, M. Limosani, Emanuele Millemaci, Fabio Monteforte","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3488310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3488310","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides new evidence on the existence of a political budget cycle at the intermediate governance level. The empirical analysis is conducted on a panel dataset of the Italian regions over the period 2000-2016. Regional primary deficits are found to be significantly higher in the last year of office and in the election year with respect to the other years of office. Results are robust across the different methods and specification considered, and do not vary even if we restrict the sample time-span or distinguish between regional statutes.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129546223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the effect of expanding internet access on electoral outcomes at the municipality level in Colombia. I use a difference-in-differences strategy that compares electoral outcomes in municipalities that received the internet right before the presidential election, with those that received it afterwards. I find that internet access reduced political participation at the polls. This behavior is reflected in a decrease in voter turnout, a decrease in the number of votes for candidates and an increase in blank votes. This apathetic behavior was motivated by the lack of trust in the government institutions, and the low enforcement in policies against corruption from the politicians.
{"title":"Internet Access and Electoral Participation in Colombia: Voter Apathy at the Polls.","authors":"S. Perilla","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3759775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3759775","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effect of expanding internet access on electoral outcomes at the municipality level in Colombia. I use a difference-in-differences strategy that compares electoral outcomes in municipalities that received the internet right before the presidential election, with those that received it afterwards. I find that internet access reduced political participation at the polls. This behavior is reflected in a decrease in voter turnout, a decrease in the number of votes for candidates and an increase in blank votes. This apathetic behavior was motivated by the lack of trust in the government institutions, and the low enforcement in policies against corruption from the politicians.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123576111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Estonian Abstract: Artiklis käsitletakse Eestis Tartu Ülikooli ühe lõputöö raames 2018/2019 õppeaastal tehtud uuringut haldusreformi mõjust avalike teenuste osutamisele Eestis, Ida-Eestis asuva Jõgeva maakonna väikeasulate näitel. Ulatuslike kirjandusallikate alusel tuuakse välja kohaliku omavalitsuse ja avalike teenuste olemus ning nende osutamise vajadus Eestis seoses haldusreformiga. Vaadeldakse avalike teenuste pakkumise korraldust kohalike omavalitsuste poolt Eesti väikeasulates. Uuringu raames viiakse kohalikes omavalitsustes läbi uuring-ankeetküsitlus. Uuringu tulemuste põhjal tehtud järeldused võimaldavad kohalikele omavalitsustele teha ettepanekud avalike teenuste hulga suurendamiseks, teenuste pakkumise laien-damiseks ning kvaliteedi tõstmiseks.
English Abstract: The article covers the study conducted for a graduation paper of the University of Tartu in Estonia, in the academic year 2018/2019, on the impact of the administrative reform on the provision of public services in Estonia based on the case of the small settlements of the Jõgeva County located in East Estonia. Based on extensive sources of literature, the essence of the local government and public services and the need for their provision in Estonia in connection with the administrative reform are brought out. Organisation of the provision of public services by local governments in Estonian small settlements is described. A survey is conducted in municipalities in the course of the study. The conclusions drawn on the basis of the results of the survey make it possible to make proposals to local governments for increasing the number of public services, extending the provision of services and raising their quality.
{"title":"HALDUSREFORMI MÕJU AVALIKE TEENUSTE OSUTAMISELE EESTIS: Jõgeva maakonna2 väikeasulate näitel (Impact of the Administrative Reform on the Provision of Public Services in Estonia: the Case of Small Settlements of the Jõgeva County)","authors":"Karita Lepiste, Matti Raudjärv","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3522707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522707","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Estonian Abstract:</b> Artiklis käsitletakse Eestis Tartu Ülikooli ühe lõputöö raames 2018/2019 õppeaastal tehtud uuringut haldusreformi mõjust avalike teenuste osutamisele Eestis, Ida-Eestis asuva Jõgeva maakonna väikeasulate näitel. Ulatuslike kirjandusallikate alusel tuuakse välja kohaliku omavalitsuse ja avalike teenuste olemus ning nende osutamise vajadus Eestis seoses haldusreformiga. Vaadeldakse avalike teenuste pakkumise korraldust kohalike omavalitsuste poolt Eesti väikeasulates. Uuringu raames viiakse kohalikes omavalitsustes läbi uuring-ankeetküsitlus. Uuringu tulemuste põhjal tehtud järeldused võimaldavad kohalikele omavalitsustele teha ettepanekud avalike teenuste hulga suurendamiseks, teenuste pakkumise laien-damiseks ning kvaliteedi tõstmiseks.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The article covers the study conducted for a graduation paper of the University of Tartu in Estonia, in the academic year 2018/2019, on the impact of the administrative reform on the provision of public services in Estonia based on the case of the small settlements of the Jõgeva County located in East Estonia. Based on extensive sources of literature, the essence of the local government and public services and the need for their provision in Estonia in connection with the administrative reform are brought out. Organisation of the provision of public services by local governments in Estonian small settlements is described. A survey is conducted in municipalities in the course of the study. The conclusions drawn on the basis of the results of the survey make it possible to make proposals to local governments for increasing the number of public services, extending the provision of services and raising their quality.<br>","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133565385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Correct aggregation of individual preferences into collective one is central problem of nowadays Social Choice theory. After the Arrow’s and Gibbard–Satterthwaite impossibility theorems it became clear that our desire to justify an electoral procedure is doomed to failure. At the same time a lot of scholars continued exploring different properties of existing voting rules and constructing the new ones. Contemporary research in this area explore two main properties of aggregation procedures — their degree of manipulability and computational complexity of manipulation. Quantitative evaluations of these properties tend to be main criteria of voting procedure selection. But last decades it turned out that another threat for theory of voting is incompatibilities and unexpected outcomes of different kind, usually called paradoxes. This article provides complete systematization of voting paradoxes known for today. We also presented an attempt to formulate a complete proof of the (in)stability of seven most common used voting rules to paradoxes of any type, which had not been undertaken before. Our results show that different voting procedures are qualitatively different in the sense of vulnerability to voting paradoxes which makes reasonable to propose additional criteria of voting procedure selection and opens the gate for further quantitative research.
{"title":"Vulnerability of Voting Paradoxes As a Criteria For Voting Procedure Selection","authors":"Maksim Gladyshev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3471868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3471868","url":null,"abstract":"Correct aggregation of individual preferences into collective one is central problem of nowadays Social Choice theory. After the Arrow’s and Gibbard–Satterthwaite impossibility theorems it became clear that our desire to justify an electoral procedure is doomed to failure. At the same time a lot of scholars continued exploring different properties of existing voting rules and constructing the new ones. Contemporary research in this area explore two main properties of aggregation procedures — their degree of manipulability and computational complexity of manipulation. Quantitative evaluations of these properties tend to be main criteria of voting procedure selection. But last decades it turned out that another threat for theory of voting is incompatibilities and unexpected outcomes of different kind, usually called paradoxes. This article provides complete systematization of voting paradoxes known for today. We also presented an attempt to formulate a complete proof of the (in)stability of seven most common used voting rules to paradoxes of any type, which had not been undertaken before. Our results show that different voting procedures are qualitatively different in the sense of vulnerability to voting paradoxes which makes reasonable to propose additional criteria of voting procedure selection and opens the gate for further quantitative research.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to explore the implications of the repeal, through the recast European Insolvency Regulation 2015/848, of the rules in Article 3(3) and Article 27 of the original EIR which required that secondary insolvency proceedings take the form of a liquidation (winding-up). The article's goal is to start to develop an understanding of what will – and what will not – be feasible within the new regulatory framework laid down for non-liquidation secondary proceedings under the Recast EIR. In doing so, the article analyses the new EU regime in the setting of a notional experiment – a hypothetical corporate debtor who wishes to reorganize in parallel proceedings in the Czech Republic, where it is incorporated and where its COMI is, and in the Slovak Republic, where it has its only establishment. The article therefore tests the key variables of parallel non-liquidations conducted under the Recast EIR not in the abstract but in the context of real-life rules on reorganizations contained in insolvency codes of Member State which have both adopted relatively modern provisions on reorganizations, broadly modelled on the U.S. Chapter 11 template. Based on the outcomes of the notional experiment, the article concludes that in principle, the Recast EIR provides EU debtors with a feasible cross-border platform to reorganize in more than one Member State, provided that the insolvency laws of the Member States involved show a reasonable degree of convergence.
{"title":"Parallel Reorganizations under the Recast European Insolvency Regulation – A Hypothetical Case Study","authors":"Tomáš Richter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3464162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3464162","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explore the implications of the repeal, through the recast European Insolvency Regulation 2015/848, of the rules in Article 3(3) and Article 27 of the original EIR which required that secondary insolvency proceedings take the form of a liquidation (winding-up). \u0000 \u0000The article's goal is to start to develop an understanding of what will – and what will not – be feasible within the new regulatory framework laid down for non-liquidation secondary proceedings under the Recast EIR. In doing so, the article analyses the new EU regime in the setting of a notional experiment – a hypothetical corporate debtor who wishes to reorganize in parallel proceedings in the Czech Republic, where it is incorporated and where its COMI is, and in the Slovak Republic, where it has its only establishment. The article therefore tests the key variables of parallel non-liquidations conducted under the Recast EIR not in the abstract but in the context of real-life rules on reorganizations contained in insolvency codes of Member State which have both adopted relatively modern provisions on reorganizations, broadly modelled on the U.S. Chapter 11 template. \u0000 \u0000Based on the outcomes of the notional experiment, the article concludes that in principle, the Recast EIR provides EU debtors with a feasible cross-border platform to reorganize in more than one Member State, provided that the insolvency laws of the Member States involved show a reasonable degree of convergence.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117027873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop a structural model to address the question whether, and to what extent, expert panelists engage in herd behavior when voting on important policy questions. Our data comes from FDA advisory committees voting on questions concerning the approval of new drug applications. We utilize a change in the voting procedure from sequential to simultaneous voting to identify herding. Estimates suggest that around half of the panelists are willing to vote against their private assessment if votes from previous experts indicate otherwise and, on average, 9 percent of the sequential votes are actual herd-votes. Temporary committee members are more prone to herding than regular (standing) members. We find that simultaneous voting improves information aggregation given our estimates.
{"title":"Do Expert Panelists Herd? Evidence from FDA Committees","authors":"Melissa Newham, Rune Midjord","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3476536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3476536","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a structural model to address the question whether, and to what extent, expert panelists engage in herd behavior when voting on important policy questions. Our data comes from FDA advisory committees voting on questions concerning the approval of new drug applications. We utilize a change in the voting procedure from sequential to simultaneous voting to identify herding. Estimates suggest that around half of the panelists are willing to vote against their private assessment if votes from previous experts indicate otherwise and, on average, 9 percent of the sequential votes are actual herd-votes. Temporary committee members are more prone to herding than regular (standing) members. We find that simultaneous voting improves information aggregation given our estimates.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123745790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyse the political economy of the public provision of private goods when individuals care about their social status. Status concerns motivate richer individuals to vote for the public provision of goods they themselves buy in markets: a higher provision level attracts more individuals to the public sector, enhancing the social exclusivity of market purchases. Majority voting may lead to a public provision that only a minority of citizens use. Users in the public sector may enjoy better provision than users in the private system. We characterise the coalitions that can prevail in a political equilibrium.
{"title":"Social Status Concerns and the Political Economy of Publicly Provided Private Goods","authors":"J. Friedrichsen, Tobias König, Tobias Lausen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3476533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3476533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We analyse the political economy of the public provision of private goods when individuals care about their social status. Status concerns motivate richer individuals to vote for the public provision of goods they themselves buy in markets: a higher provision level attracts more individuals to the public sector, enhancing the social exclusivity of market purchases. Majority voting may lead to a public provision that only a minority of citizens use. Users in the public sector may enjoy better provision than users in the private system. We characterise the coalitions that can prevail in a political equilibrium.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114214028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The referendum (or compound majority) paradox occurs when the majority of voters in the majority of districts supports an issue/candidate but the majority of voters across all districts opposes the same issue/candidate (or vice versa). We calculate the likelihood of this social choice anomaly for any (possibly large) odd number of districts and any (possibly large) odd number of voters per district. The likelihood of the paradox is close to 50% when the issue/candidate is divisive (voters across all districts are split almost 50%-50%). The paradox virtually disappears when the issue/candidate is supported/opposed by at least two-thirds of all voters.
{"title":"The Likelihood of the Referendum Paradox for a Given Referendum Result","authors":"P. Blavatskyy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3453468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3453468","url":null,"abstract":"The referendum (or compound majority) paradox occurs when the majority of voters in the majority of districts supports an issue/candidate but the majority of voters across all districts opposes the same issue/candidate (or vice versa). We calculate the likelihood of this social choice anomaly for any (possibly large) odd number of districts and any (possibly large) odd number of voters per district. The likelihood of the paradox is close to 50% when the issue/candidate is divisive (voters across all districts are split almost 50%-50%). The paradox virtually disappears when the issue/candidate is supported/opposed by at least two-thirds of all voters.","PeriodicalId":170831,"journal":{"name":"Public Choice: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126491438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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