I Ahmad, SW Audu, BY Kaltungo, SU Dandare, U Muhammad, AY Sadiq, B Bawa, U Abubakar
This paper describes a rabies outbreak in a bull-calf which led to euthanasia following manifestation of clinical signs of the disease. Infection was confirmed using a rapid immunochromatographic test of the homogenates from brain tissues (the brain stem, hippocampus and cerebellum) sample. Exposure to rabies virus (RABV) had resulted due to an attack by a free-roaming dog (FRD). Mass vaccination campaigns against rabies and improving biosecurity measures to limit access of free-roaming dogs to farms can prevent the occurrence of RABV in dogs, livestock animals and personnel at risk in Nigeria.
{"title":"A case of rabies outbreak in a bull-calf from Nigeria","authors":"I Ahmad, SW Audu, BY Kaltungo, SU Dandare, U Muhammad, AY Sadiq, B Bawa, U Abubakar","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.28685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.28685","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a rabies outbreak in a bull-calf which led to euthanasia following manifestation of clinical signs of the disease. Infection was confirmed using a rapid immunochromatographic test of the homogenates from brain tissues (the brain stem, hippocampus and cerebellum) sample. Exposure to rabies virus (RABV) had resulted due to an attack by a free-roaming dog (FRD). Mass vaccination campaigns against rabies and improving biosecurity measures to limit access of free-roaming dogs to farms can prevent the occurrence of RABV in dogs, livestock animals and personnel at risk in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study compared the oxidative stress indices in cattle and buffalo with foreign body syndrome (FBS). The study included 60 animals (32 buffalo and 28 cows). The animals were divided into the control group (10 healthy cows and 10 healthy buffalo). The diseased animals were divided based on the clinical signs and duration of illness as well as radiographic and ultrasonographic findings into the chronic traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) group (13 cows and 12 buffalo), acute TRP group (5 buffalo), and traumatic pericarditis (TP) group (5 cows, 5 buffalo). Full case histories were obtained, and thorough clinical examinations were performed. Blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analysis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all diseased animals’ groups, while the reduced glutathione (GSH) activity significantly decreased in all diseased animals’ groups than in the control group. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity increased dramatically in cows with chronic TRP and significantly decreased in buffalo with chronic TRP and not significantly changed in the groups with acute TRP and TP. The catalase activity only increased in buffalo with TP. The total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in cows with chronic TRP and buffalo with acute TRP, indicating oxidative stress with the compensated antioxidant mechanism. Finally, both cattle and buffalo with acute and chronic TRP and TP showed an existing antioxidant capacity despite oxidative stress. There was a significant difference between cattle and buffalo in their response to oxidative damage, in which buffalo with chronic TRP showed a decompensation of the antioxidant capacity leading to chronic damage and fibrosis.
{"title":"A comparative study on oxidative stress indices among cattle and buffalo with foreign body syndrome","authors":"N Gomaa, NA Gomaa, NM Nassif, S Fawzy","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.28170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.28170","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the oxidative stress indices in cattle and buffalo with foreign body syndrome (FBS). The study included 60 animals (32 buffalo and 28 cows). The animals were divided into the control group (10 healthy cows and 10 healthy buffalo). The diseased animals were divided based on the clinical signs and duration of illness as well as radiographic and ultrasonographic findings into the chronic traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) group (13 cows and 12 buffalo), acute TRP group (5 buffalo), and traumatic pericarditis (TP) group (5 cows, 5 buffalo). Full case histories were obtained, and thorough clinical examinations were performed. Blood samples were obtained for hematological and biochemical analysis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all diseased animals’ groups, while the reduced glutathione (GSH) activity significantly decreased in all diseased animals’ groups than in the control group. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity increased dramatically in cows with chronic TRP and significantly decreased in buffalo with chronic TRP and not significantly changed in the groups with acute TRP and TP. The catalase activity only increased in buffalo with TP. The total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in cows with chronic TRP and buffalo with acute TRP, indicating oxidative stress with the compensated antioxidant mechanism. Finally, both cattle and buffalo with acute and chronic TRP and TP showed an existing antioxidant capacity despite oxidative stress. There was a significant difference between cattle and buffalo in their response to oxidative damage, in which buffalo with chronic TRP showed a decompensation of the antioxidant capacity leading to chronic damage and fibrosis.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selenium, which is a good antioxidant, is an essential trace mineral and its organic forms are more available than inorganic forms. Dietary deficiency or excess of this trace mineral causes health problems in poultry, and therefore the amount of selenium in the diet is controversial. The current research was carried out to determine the effect of diets enriched with organic selenium on the performance, egg quality, and stored egg properties in laying quails. In the study, 120 laying quails were allocated to six treatment groups with 20 quails in each, with five subgroups. Quails were fed for 70 days with experimental diet containing 0.12 mg/kg selenium based on corn-soybean meal enriched with the addition of organic selenium (Sel-Plex) at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, or 1.0 mg/kg. Body weight change decreased linearly with the addition of 0.6 mg/kg and further levels of organic selenium (P<0.05). Feed intake quadratically increased with the supplementation of organic selenium up to 0.8 mg/kg, but it was minimum at 1.0 mg/kg (P<0.05). The eggshell quality parameters were not affected by the administration of organic selenium to the diet (P>0.05). Albumen pH linearly decreased with organic selenium supplementation up to the level of 0.60 mg/kg, but increased with the addition of higher levels of organic selenium (P<0.05). With the addition of organic selenium to the diet, yolk L* and b* values quadratically and linearly decreased respectively, while a* value increased linearly (P<0.01). Albumen pH value of stored eggs was linearly decreased by treatments (P<0.01), but other parameters did not affect (P>0.05). As a result, it was determined that laying quails can be fed with diets enriched with organic selenium up to 0.4 mg/kg and the eggs could maintain the freshness for a longer time in during storage.
{"title":"Effect of Enrichment of Laying Quail Diets with Organic Selenium on Performance and Fresh and Stored Egg Quality","authors":"ET Gül, O Olgun, A Yıldız","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30512","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium, which is a good antioxidant, is an essential trace mineral and its organic forms are more available than inorganic forms. Dietary deficiency or excess of this trace mineral causes health problems in poultry, and therefore the amount of selenium in the diet is controversial. The current research was carried out to determine the effect of diets enriched with organic selenium on the performance, egg quality, and stored egg properties in laying quails. In the study, 120 laying quails were allocated to six treatment groups with 20 quails in each, with five subgroups. Quails were fed for 70 days with experimental diet containing 0.12 mg/kg selenium based on corn-soybean meal enriched with the addition of organic selenium (Sel-Plex) at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, or 1.0 mg/kg. Body weight change decreased linearly with the addition of 0.6 mg/kg and further levels of organic selenium (P<0.05). Feed intake quadratically increased with the supplementation of organic selenium up to 0.8 mg/kg, but it was minimum at 1.0 mg/kg (P<0.05). The eggshell quality parameters were not affected by the administration of organic selenium to the diet (P>0.05). Albumen pH linearly decreased with organic selenium supplementation up to the level of 0.60 mg/kg, but increased with the addition of higher levels of organic selenium (P<0.05). With the addition of organic selenium to the diet, yolk L* and b* values quadratically and linearly decreased respectively, while a* value increased linearly (P<0.01). Albumen pH value of stored eggs was linearly decreased by treatments (P<0.01), but other parameters did not affect (P>0.05). As a result, it was determined that laying quails can be fed with diets enriched with organic selenium up to 0.4 mg/kg and the eggs could maintain the freshness for a longer time in during storage.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F Ahmad, H Khan, K Khan, FA Khan, N Ahmad, M Saeed, T Ayasan
Mycotoxins are ubiquitous in the environment and occur naturally in human food and animal feed. Therefore, in this study the performance, haematobiochemical profiles, macroscopic and histopathological lesions in quails caused by ochratoxin (OTA) were examined. The OTA was obtained by culturing the spore of Aspergillus ochraceus. Sixty healthy male quails were selected and distributed into 12 replicates (5 quails per replicate) in a completely randomized block arrangement. Each experimental diet was assigned to 4 replicate groups. Quails in first group were fed on standard basal diet (CP 27%) without the addition of OTA (OTA-0; negative control), while in other groups OTA was incorporated in basal diet at 1 mg/kg (OTA-1) and 2 mg/kg (OTA-2) of basal diet, respectively. The feeding trial continued for 21 days experimental period. Clinical signs observed in OTA-fed birds were diarrhea, broken feathers, increased water intake, and depression. In addition, lower (p < 0.05) feed intake was reported in OTA-fed quails. Likewise, weight gain was reduced (p < 0.05) in OTA-fed groups. Gross lesions of hypertrophy, hemorrhages, paleness and friability were detected in the liver and kidney of OTA-treated birds. Microscopic examination of kidney and liver showed degeneration and sloughing of tubular epithelium in the kidney, narrowing of the lumen of kidney tubules, and hepatic fatty infiltration and necrosis of liver parenchyma. The serum Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine levels of OTA-fed birds were higher (p < 0.05) than OTA-0. However, serum total protein and albumin were lower (p < 0.05) in OTA-treated groups in a dose- dependent manner. Likely, red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin concentration were lower (p < 0.05) in OTA-treated groups. The results of this study indicate that OTA at ≥ 1 mg/kg feed is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic, and cause hematobiochemical disorder in quails, which adversely affect their growth performance and may eventually lead to economic losses.
{"title":"Effects of ochratoxin on the performance, haematobiochemical profile, macroscopic and histopathological lesions in quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)","authors":"F Ahmad, H Khan, K Khan, FA Khan, N Ahmad, M Saeed, T Ayasan","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30561","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins are ubiquitous in the environment and occur naturally in human food and animal feed. Therefore, in this study the performance, haematobiochemical profiles, macroscopic and histopathological lesions in quails caused by ochratoxin (OTA) were examined. The OTA was obtained by culturing the spore of Aspergillus ochraceus. Sixty healthy male quails were selected and distributed into 12 replicates (5 quails per replicate) in a completely randomized block arrangement. Each experimental diet was assigned to 4 replicate groups. Quails in first group were fed on standard basal diet (CP 27%) without the addition of OTA (OTA-0; negative control), while in other groups OTA was incorporated in basal diet at 1 mg/kg (OTA-1) and 2 mg/kg (OTA-2) of basal diet, respectively. The feeding trial continued for 21 days experimental period. Clinical signs observed in OTA-fed birds were diarrhea, broken feathers, increased water intake, and depression. In addition, lower (p < 0.05) feed intake was reported in OTA-fed quails. Likewise, weight gain was reduced (p < 0.05) in OTA-fed groups. Gross lesions of hypertrophy, hemorrhages, paleness and friability were detected in the liver and kidney of OTA-treated birds. Microscopic examination of kidney and liver showed degeneration and sloughing of tubular epithelium in the kidney, narrowing of the lumen of kidney tubules, and hepatic fatty infiltration and necrosis of liver parenchyma. The serum Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine levels of OTA-fed birds were higher (p < 0.05) than OTA-0. However, serum total protein and albumin were lower (p < 0.05) in OTA-treated groups in a dose- dependent manner. Likely, red blood cell count, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin concentration were lower (p < 0.05) in OTA-treated groups. The results of this study indicate that OTA at ≥ 1 mg/kg feed is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic, and cause hematobiochemical disorder in quails, which adversely affect their growth performance and may eventually lead to economic losses.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV) cause fatal gastroenteritis in cats and dogs. In this study we developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) assay for the concurrent detection of FPLV and CPV-2 in a single PCR tube. Two primers were used based on nucleic acid conserved regions of the two viruses which specifically amplify 237 bp of the VP2 gene of FPLV and 583 bp of the VP2 gene of CPV 2.Sensitivity and Specificity of the dPCR were evaluated. A total of 30 rectal/fecal swabs were collected from domestic cats in Kafrelsheikh province, Egypt and were tested for FPLV and CPV-2 viruses using the dPCR assay. The results revealed that this dPCR assay was sensitive, as it could detect a minimum of 1 × 105 copies of genomic DNA of the two viruses. The dPCR assay was highly specific as there was no amplification of nucleic acid of other feline and canine pathogens. The positive ratio was 83.3% (25/30) for FPLV and 16.6% (5/30) for CPV respectively. Further analyses of CPV samples by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) revealed that they are classified as CPV 2a/2b variants. This study reports the first detection of CPV 2a/2b from symptomatic cats in Egypt using dPCR assay that can detect FPLV and CPV in a single tube reaction.
{"title":"First report of detection of Canine Parvovirus type 2 in naturally infected domestic cats in Egypt by duplex PCR for simultaneous detection of Canine Parvovirus type 2 and Feline Panleukopenia virus","authors":"AF Magouz, I Elkon, E Khaled, N Alkhalefa","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.28838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.28838","url":null,"abstract":"Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPLV) and Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV) cause fatal gastroenteritis in cats and dogs. In this study we developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) assay for the concurrent detection of FPLV and CPV-2 in a single PCR tube. Two primers were used based on nucleic acid conserved regions of the two viruses which specifically amplify 237 bp of the VP2 gene of FPLV and 583 bp of the VP2 gene of CPV 2.Sensitivity and Specificity of the dPCR were evaluated. A total of 30 rectal/fecal swabs were collected from domestic cats in Kafrelsheikh province, Egypt and were tested for FPLV and CPV-2 viruses using the dPCR assay. The results revealed that this dPCR assay was sensitive, as it could detect a minimum of 1 × 105 copies of genomic DNA of the two viruses. The dPCR assay was highly specific as there was no amplification of nucleic acid of other feline and canine pathogens. The positive ratio was 83.3% (25/30) for FPLV and 16.6% (5/30) for CPV respectively. Further analyses of CPV samples by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) revealed that they are classified as CPV 2a/2b variants. This study reports the first detection of CPV 2a/2b from symptomatic cats in Egypt using dPCR assay that can detect FPLV and CPV in a single tube reaction.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to observe the effect of Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic, in the replacement of the antibiotics in the broilers. For this purpose, two hundred broiler chicks were bought from a hatchery and allocated into five treatments having four replicates (10 birds in each). Birds were distributed into five groups; control, antibiotics (Zinc Bacitracin 10%), probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (MOS), and a combination of probiotics and prebiotics groups. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were prepared and offered to birds. Feed intake and body weight were recorded. At the end of the trial, birds were slaughtered to obtain carcass and gut health data. Data collected were examined by ANOVA under CRD and mean values were compared using Tukey’s HSD (Honestly significant difference) test. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed diet having probiotics and prebiotics in a combination form. Improved (P<0.05) FCR was recorded in birds fed diet having prebiotics alone and in combination with probiotics. The dressing percentage was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed diet having Probiotics + Prebiotics and control birds. Chest yield was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed having Probiotics + Prebiotics. In gut morphometric parameters, there was observed an increase in villus height, and a significant change of increase in villus surface area was seen. In conclusion, the addition of prebiotics in combination with probiotics, in feed, remarkably improved growth performance and carcass yield in commercial broilers.
{"title":"Prebiotic, probiotic, and antibiotic growth promoters use in commercial broilers: A comparative study","authors":"A Ali, AS Qureshi, S Rehan, F Deeba, M Usman","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30488","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to observe the effect of Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic, in the replacement of the antibiotics in the broilers. For this purpose, two hundred broiler chicks were bought from a hatchery and allocated into five treatments having four replicates (10 birds in each). Birds were distributed into five groups; control, antibiotics (Zinc Bacitracin 10%), probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) and prebiotics (MOS), and a combination of probiotics and prebiotics groups. Five iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were prepared and offered to birds. Feed intake and body weight were recorded. At the end of the trial, birds were slaughtered to obtain carcass and gut health data. Data collected were examined by ANOVA under CRD and mean values were compared using Tukey’s HSD (Honestly significant difference) test. Weight gain was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed diet having probiotics and prebiotics in a combination form. Improved (P<0.05) FCR was recorded in birds fed diet having prebiotics alone and in combination with probiotics. The dressing percentage was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed diet having Probiotics + Prebiotics and control birds. Chest yield was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed having Probiotics + Prebiotics. In gut morphometric parameters, there was observed an increase in villus height, and a significant change of increase in villus surface area was seen. In conclusion, the addition of prebiotics in combination with probiotics, in feed, remarkably improved growth performance and carcass yield in commercial broilers.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W Mahmoudnezhad, A Nobakht, Y Mehmannavaz, S Mahdavi
The study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of methionine in Pre-starter diets on PPAR gene expression and immune function of broiler chickens. Methionine (Met) is necessary to achieve a fast growth rate in chickens. A total of 240 Ross 308 broilers were equally assigned to 8 treatments with 3 replicates. The treatments included T1: diet with 20% methionine less than Ross catalog recommendation. T2: Standard diet in accordance with the recommendations of the Ross catalog. T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8: diets with 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 % methionine more than Ross catalog recommendation. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of PPAR gene with the difference in diet methionine levels in the 8 groups. PPAR controls the expression of several genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue cells. Gene expression in broiler chickens with methionine deficiency and excess may have compensated for this deficiency and excess in the birds. Also, the results indicated that increasing in the levels of methionine in Pre-starter diets of chickens the antibody production against ND increased significantly (P<0.05). Besides, the antibody production against IBD increased significantly (P<0.05). Furthermore, the antibody production against H9N1 not affected (P>0.05). Studies suggest that dietary protein deficiency reduces the concentration of most amino acids in plasma and compromises the immune system. Totally it is suggested that the high levels of Met in the diet maybe beneficial and it needs more studies.
{"title":"Effects of different levels of methionine in pre-starter diets on immunity function and DNA methylation in broilers","authors":"W Mahmoudnezhad, A Nobakht, Y Mehmannavaz, S Mahdavi","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.30501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.30501","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the effects of different levels of methionine in Pre-starter diets on PPAR gene expression and immune function of broiler chickens. Methionine (Met) is necessary to achieve a fast growth rate in chickens. A total of 240 Ross 308 broilers were equally assigned to 8 treatments with 3 replicates. The treatments included T1: diet with 20% methionine less than Ross catalog recommendation. T2: Standard diet in accordance with the recommendations of the Ross catalog. T3, T4, T5, T6, T7 and T8: diets with 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 % methionine more than Ross catalog recommendation. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the expression of PPAR gene with the difference in diet methionine levels in the 8 groups. PPAR controls the expression of several genes involved in the proliferation and differentiation of adipose tissue cells. Gene expression in broiler chickens with methionine deficiency and excess may have compensated for this deficiency and excess in the birds. Also, the results indicated that increasing in the levels of methionine in Pre-starter diets of chickens the antibody production against ND increased significantly (P<0.05). Besides, the antibody production against IBD increased significantly (P<0.05). Furthermore, the antibody production against H9N1 not affected (P>0.05). Studies suggest that dietary protein deficiency reduces the concentration of most amino acids in plasma and compromises the immune system. Totally it is suggested that the high levels of Met in the diet maybe beneficial and it needs more studies.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136182114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the effects of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation on the kidneys and the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on this process were investigated in rats. The study consists of 6 groups with 10 rats in each group. Ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) (0.75% EG + 0.75% AC) were added to the drinking water of different groups for 7 or 14 days to induce nephrolithiasis. The effects of the CaOx on the kidneys and ALA (100 mg/kg/day/orally) on this process were investigated via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. In the histopathological examination, EG+AC application for both 7 and 14 days caused crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens, cystically dilated tubules, and hydropic degeneration in the tubular epithelium. However, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed merely in 14 days. In the immunohistochemical examination, when EG+AC administration was applied for 14 days only, it caused expression of ED1, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vimentin in the tubulointerstitial areas. However, α-SMA and vimentin expression was not observed in tubular epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression was also detected in the tubular epithelium and intertubular cells at 14 days. It was determined that ALA administration with EG+AC application reduced the crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens (p<0.001), the degeneration of the tubular epithelium (p<0.001), and the expression of TGF-β1. In addition, it was detected that ALA caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p<0.001) and Catalase (CAT) (p>0.05) activities, which decreased with EG+AC application.
{"title":"The Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Pathogenesis of Experimental Nephrolithiasis and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition","authors":"T Kutlu, F Kazak, A Uyar","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.28802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.28802","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effects of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation on the kidneys and the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on this process were investigated in rats. The study consists of 6 groups with 10 rats in each group. Ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) (0.75% EG + 0.75% AC) were added to the drinking water of different groups for 7 or 14 days to induce nephrolithiasis. The effects of the CaOx on the kidneys and ALA (100 mg/kg/day/orally) on this process were investigated via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. In the histopathological examination, EG+AC application for both 7 and 14 days caused crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens, cystically dilated tubules, and hydropic degeneration in the tubular epithelium. However, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed merely in 14 days. In the immunohistochemical examination, when EG+AC administration was applied for 14 days only, it caused expression of ED1, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and vimentin in the tubulointerstitial areas. However, α-SMA and vimentin expression was not observed in tubular epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression was also detected in the tubular epithelium and intertubular cells at 14 days. It was determined that ALA administration with EG+AC application reduced the crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens (p<0.001), the degeneration of the tubular epithelium (p<0.001), and the expression of TGF-β1. In addition, it was detected that ALA caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p<0.001) and Catalase (CAT) (p>0.05) activities, which decreased with EG+AC application.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L Spalević, N Zdravkovic, J Zutić, D Vojinović, V Milićević, N Jezdimirović, J Kureljušić, O Radanović
Poultry represent an important global reservoir of Salmonella. Poultry salmonellosis results in great economic losses, and some serovars also have zoonotic potential. Some poultry can be infected with Salmonella without showing clinical signs of the disease, but is, nevertheless, a significant source of spread of the infection. Clinical symptoms range from digestive problems (white diarrhea, malabsorption) to bacteremia and death. The aim of this study was to retrospectively show the presence of bacteria Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica of various serovars in poultry in the Belgrade epizootiological area in a period of six years (2014-2019). A total of 4580 samples were examined including: incubated eggs, dead chickens, broiler feces and laying hens with total of 207 positive samples. Salmonella was isolated by standard microbiological methods followed by serological typing. In the examined period, the prevalence of poultry salmonella was 4.52%. The highest number of examined samples was recorded in 2017 (879), and positive in 2018 (65), while the lowest prevalence was recorded during year 2016 with 7 positive samples. Of all isolated and serotyped Salmonella, the most commonly isolated serovar was S. Enteritidis (65.28%), followed by S. Infantis (21.30%), S. Mbandaka (6.02%), S. Senftenberg (3.24%), S. Typhimurium (1.85%), S. Agona (0.93%), S. Taksony (0.93%), and the least common is S. Tshiongwe (0.46%). The first report of serovars : S. Agona, S. Taksony and S. Tshiongwe have been during 2018. The highest number of positive specimens was found in laying hens faces (116 of 921 tested), broiler faces (73 of 1147), chickens carcasses (12 of 1443) and incubated eggs (6 of 1069). Complete eradication of Salmonella from production is a difficult goal because of the presence of a heterogeneous serovars pool and various sources of infection. Prevention is the best tool for controlling Salmonella: hygiene, biosecurity and where applicable - vaccination. It is a great responsibility of the poultry farmers to apply the existing standards and to improve the new ones.
{"title":"A retrospective study on the isolated strains of Salmonella in poultry","authors":"L Spalević, N Zdravkovic, J Zutić, D Vojinović, V Milićević, N Jezdimirović, J Kureljušić, O Radanović","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.25005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.25005","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry represent an important global reservoir of Salmonella. Poultry salmonellosis results in great economic losses, and some serovars also have zoonotic potential. Some poultry can be infected with Salmonella without showing clinical signs of the disease, but is, nevertheless, a significant source of spread of the infection. Clinical symptoms range from digestive problems (white diarrhea, malabsorption) to bacteremia and death. The aim of this study was to retrospectively show the presence of bacteria Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica of various serovars in poultry in the Belgrade epizootiological area in a period of six years (2014-2019). A total of 4580 samples were examined including: incubated eggs, dead chickens, broiler feces and laying hens with total of 207 positive samples. Salmonella was isolated by standard microbiological methods followed by serological typing. In the examined period, the prevalence of poultry salmonella was 4.52%. The highest number of examined samples was recorded in 2017 (879), and positive in 2018 (65), while the lowest prevalence was recorded during year 2016 with 7 positive samples. Of all isolated and serotyped Salmonella, the most commonly isolated serovar was S. Enteritidis (65.28%), followed by S. Infantis (21.30%), S. Mbandaka (6.02%), S. Senftenberg (3.24%), S. Typhimurium (1.85%), S. Agona (0.93%), S. Taksony (0.93%), and the least common is S. Tshiongwe (0.46%). The first report of serovars : S. Agona, S. Taksony and S. Tshiongwe have been during 2018. The highest number of positive specimens was found in laying hens faces (116 of 921 tested), broiler faces (73 of 1147), chickens carcasses (12 of 1443) and incubated eggs (6 of 1069). Complete eradication of Salmonella from production is a difficult goal because of the presence of a heterogeneous serovars pool and various sources of infection. Prevention is the best tool for controlling Salmonella: hygiene, biosecurity and where applicable - vaccination. It is a great responsibility of the poultry farmers to apply the existing standards and to improve the new ones.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136182116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to examine the polymorphic structures of the Myostatin (MSTN) gene locus in the native Morkaraman sheep, and to determine the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies. MSTN/HaeIII gene polymorphisms were identified in DNA isolated from blood samples from 262 Morkaraman sheep used in the study, using the PCR-RFLP method. According to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance test, it was observed that the distribution of genotype frequencies was not in balance (P<0.01) in the population studied. The MM, Mm and mm genotype frequencies of the MSTN gene in the population were determined as 11.1%, 62.6% and 26.3%, respectively, the frequencies of the M and m allele was 0.42 and 0.58 respectively. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) calculated for MSTN in the whole population was significantly higher than expected heterozygosity (He) values. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) calculated for MSTN in the whole population was significantly higher than expected heterozygosity (He) values.While the FIS value was found as -0.312, the FIT value was determined as -0.303. The genotype and allele frequencies determined in terms of MSTN gene polymorphism were sufficient to reveal the genotype diversity of the breed.
{"title":"Determinatıon of the MSTN/HaeIII gene polymorphism in indigenous Morkaraman sheep","authors":"E Saygili, M Ozdemir","doi":"10.12681/jhvms.29799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.29799","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the polymorphic structures of the Myostatin (MSTN) gene locus in the native Morkaraman sheep, and to determine the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies. MSTN/HaeIII gene polymorphisms were identified in DNA isolated from blood samples from 262 Morkaraman sheep used in the study, using the PCR-RFLP method. According to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic balance test, it was observed that the distribution of genotype frequencies was not in balance (P<0.01) in the population studied. The MM, Mm and mm genotype frequencies of the MSTN gene in the population were determined as 11.1%, 62.6% and 26.3%, respectively, the frequencies of the M and m allele was 0.42 and 0.58 respectively. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) calculated for MSTN in the whole population was significantly higher than expected heterozygosity (He) values. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) calculated for MSTN in the whole population was significantly higher than expected heterozygosity (He) values.While the FIS value was found as -0.312, the FIT value was determined as -0.303. The genotype and allele frequencies determined in terms of MSTN gene polymorphism were sufficient to reveal the genotype diversity of the breed.","PeriodicalId":17314,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135972225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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