Active oxygen species (AOS) generated via ultraviolet lamps can be applied for various industrial processes owing to extremely strong oxidative abilities. It is well known that excited singlet oxygen atom [O(1D)], excited oxygen molecule (O2), ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), are of interest and value in surface modiˆcation, cleaning and oxidation processes. We have been investigated a new sterilization method using the AOS, and it is important to evaluate damages of polymer devices due to the exposure of the AOS for using as a sterilization apparatus. In this paper, we evaluated degradation behaviors of polymers used for medical devices due to the exposure of the AOS by using a colorimeter, spectrometer and pull test apparatus. We found that these polymer characteristics as bulk materials were maintained, although those of the surfaces were deteriorated by the AOS exposure.
{"title":"Degradation Behaviors of Polymers due to Exposure of Active Oxygen Species Generated via Ultraviolet Lamps","authors":"Kazuki Hosoya, H. Matsumoto, S. Iwamori","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.275","url":null,"abstract":"Active oxygen species (AOS) generated via ultraviolet lamps can be applied for various industrial processes owing to extremely strong oxidative abilities. It is well known that excited singlet oxygen atom [O(1D)], excited oxygen molecule (O2), ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), are of interest and value in surface modiˆcation, cleaning and oxidation processes. We have been investigated a new sterilization method using the AOS, and it is important to evaluate damages of polymer devices due to the exposure of the AOS for using as a sterilization apparatus. In this paper, we evaluated degradation behaviors of polymers used for medical devices due to the exposure of the AOS by using a colorimeter, spectrometer and pull test apparatus. We found that these polymer characteristics as bulk materials were maintained, although those of the surfaces were deteriorated by the AOS exposure.","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90589272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Micro-fabricated Field Emitter Arrays - For New Applications","authors":"M. Nagao","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89248583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(Received November 28, 2016, Accepted January 25, 2017) A model gas separator that makes use of the molecular exchange ‰ow through porous membrane of 18 cm2 area is fabricated. The eŠect of molecular exchange ‰ow is accumulated by the counter ‰ow of gas mixture that ‰ows around the membrane. The half part of the device concentrates light molecules, and the other concentrates heavy molecules. This study demonstrates the capability of the device to make two ‰ows of diŠerent gases whose diŠerence of mole percentage is around 6.5 from a continuous feed ‰ow of 3 sccm helium-neon 50 mixture. The eŠect of the product ‰ow rate and the ‰ow rate around the membrane are also investigated.
{"title":"Experiment on Gas Mixture Separation by the Molecular Exchange Flow","authors":"M. Matsumoto, H. Sugimoto","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.142","url":null,"abstract":"(Received November 28, 2016, Accepted January 25, 2017) A model gas separator that makes use of the molecular exchange ‰ow through porous membrane of 18 cm2 area is fabricated. The eŠect of molecular exchange ‰ow is accumulated by the counter ‰ow of gas mixture that ‰ows around the membrane. The half part of the device concentrates light molecules, and the other concentrates heavy molecules. This study demonstrates the capability of the device to make two ‰ows of diŠerent gases whose diŠerence of mole percentage is around 6.5 from a continuous feed ‰ow of 3 sccm helium-neon 50 mixture. The eŠect of the product ‰ow rate and the ‰ow rate around the membrane are also investigated.","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89264570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two diŠerent types of compact low energy electron emitters have been developed for the sterilization of plastic drink containers. One is called ITB (In the bottle), and has an electron window of 10 mm in diameter at the nozzle end and can irradiate directly onto interior surfaces of a bottle. The other is called OTB (Outside the bottle), and has 400 mm length electron window for irradiating outside the bottle. Using low electron energy below 150 kV the harmful eŠect of containers being aŠected by thermal distortion, charging and fragrance, etc. can be avoided. We present dosimetric mapping of both emitters for plastic container. The measured values of the dose ranged from a few to several tenths of kGy. These experimental indicates that it helps to provide the information about process parameters and dose of emitters veriˆed experimentally are found to be suitable for a sterilization system. The compact size and the light weight of low energy emitters have also advantages for sterilization system of the plastic container.
{"title":"低エネルギー電子ビームによるペットボトル滅菌技術;低エネルギー電子ビームによるペットボトル滅菌技術;Low Energy Electron Beam Sterilization Process for Plastic Drink Containers","authors":"Ichiro Sakai","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.40","url":null,"abstract":"Two diŠerent types of compact low energy electron emitters have been developed for the sterilization of plastic drink containers. One is called ITB (In the bottle), and has an electron window of 10 mm in diameter at the nozzle end and can irradiate directly onto interior surfaces of a bottle. The other is called OTB (Outside the bottle), and has 400 mm length electron window for irradiating outside the bottle. Using low electron energy below 150 kV the harmful eŠect of containers being aŠected by thermal distortion, charging and fragrance, etc. can be avoided. We present dosimetric mapping of both emitters for plastic container. The measured values of the dose ranged from a few to several tenths of kGy. These experimental indicates that it helps to provide the information about process parameters and dose of emitters veriˆed experimentally are found to be suitable for a sterilization system. The compact size and the light weight of low energy emitters have also advantages for sterilization system of the plastic container.","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84652226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report on the 56 th Vacuum Summer School","authors":"A. Kuwajima","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.119","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78658132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In conventional studies on the Crookes radiometer, vane temperature was presumed to be higher at the black side than at the shiny side. In this study, a new hypothesis – vane is isothermal but accommodation coe‹cients are diŠerent at the black side and at the shiny side – has been proposed and examined using heat transfer and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations. The results prove that the vane is indeed isothermal under the sunlight and that gas temperature and pressure at the black side with the perfect accommodation coe‹cient become higher than those at the shiny side with a small accommodation coe‹cient. The pressure gradient across the vane acts as an area force to push the vane from the black side. It is also found the glass bulb temperature strongly aŠects the revolution of the vanes.
{"title":"Another Possible Origin of Temperature and Pressure Gradients across Vane in the Crookes Radiometer","authors":"K. Denpoh","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.471","url":null,"abstract":"In conventional studies on the Crookes radiometer, vane temperature was presumed to be higher at the black side than at the shiny side. In this study, a new hypothesis – vane is isothermal but accommodation coe‹cients are diŠerent at the black side and at the shiny side – has been proposed and examined using heat transfer and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations. The results prove that the vane is indeed isothermal under the sunlight and that gas temperature and pressure at the black side with the perfect accommodation coe‹cient become higher than those at the shiny side with a small accommodation coe‹cient. The pressure gradient across the vane acts as an area force to push the vane from the black side. It is also found the glass bulb temperature strongly aŠects the revolution of the vanes.","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78929991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The eŠect of nitrogen and aluminum as doped impurities on the stability of SiC polytypes (Cor Siface 4H and 6H substrates) formed by physical vapor transport (PVT) was investigated. The stability of the polytypes was analyzed using classical thermodynamic nucleation theory with numerical results obtained from a global model including heat, mass and species transfer in a PVT furnace. The results reveal that the formation of 4HSiC was more stable than that of 6HSiC when a grown crystal was doped with nitrogen using Cface 4Hand 6HSiC as seed crystals. In contrast, formation of 6HSiC was favored over 4HSiC when Siface 4Hand 6H SiC seed crystals were used. Meanwhile, the formation of 4HSiC was more stable than that of 6HSiC when aluminum was the dopant and Cand Sifaces of 6HSiC were used as seed crystals. 6HSiC was preferred to grow rather than 4HSiC in the cases of C and Sifaces of 4HSiC as seed crystals.
{"title":"Recent developments of numerical calculation in crystal growth of SiC","authors":"K. Kakimoto, S. Nakano","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.313","url":null,"abstract":"The eŠect of nitrogen and aluminum as doped impurities on the stability of SiC polytypes (Cor Siface 4H and 6H substrates) formed by physical vapor transport (PVT) was investigated. The stability of the polytypes was analyzed using classical thermodynamic nucleation theory with numerical results obtained from a global model including heat, mass and species transfer in a PVT furnace. The results reveal that the formation of 4HSiC was more stable than that of 6HSiC when a grown crystal was doped with nitrogen using Cface 4Hand 6HSiC as seed crystals. In contrast, formation of 6HSiC was favored over 4HSiC when Siface 4Hand 6H SiC seed crystals were used. Meanwhile, the formation of 4HSiC was more stable than that of 6HSiC when aluminum was the dopant and Cand Sifaces of 6HSiC were used as seed crystals. 6HSiC was preferred to grow rather than 4HSiC in the cases of C and Sifaces of 4HSiC as seed crystals.","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80496071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2017, Accepted August 23, 2017 ) Kelvin-probe force microscopy ( KPFM ) is a surface potential mapping technique based on dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) . It is useful to visualize carrier injection barriers and trapped charges in operating organic thin-ˆlm transistors ( OTFTs ) . Since it is desirable to perform KPFM experiments in vacuum conditions, frequency modulation ( FM ) technique is often used to oper-ate AFM / KPFM. We review two operating modes of KPFM using FM-AFM in vacuum and demonstrate visualization of the carrier injection barriers and trapped charges in OTFTs. We also introduce a method to visualize the transient distribution of the trapped charges being evacuated from
开尔文探针力显微镜(Kelvin-probe force microscopy, KPFM)是一种基于动态模式原子力显微镜(AFM)的表面电位映射技术。在操作有机薄膜晶体管(OTFTs)时，将载流子注入障碍和捕获电荷可视化是有用的。由于需要在真空条件下进行KPFM实验，频率调制(FM)技术通常用于启动AFM / KPFM。我们回顾了真空中使用FM-AFM的两种KPFM工作模式，并演示了otft中载流子注入障碍和捕获电荷的可视化。我们还介绍了一种方法来可视化被抽离的被困电荷的瞬态分布
{"title":"Surface Potential Measurements of Organic Thin-Film Transistors by Kelvin-Probe Force Microscopy","authors":"K. Kobayashi, Hirofumi Yamada","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.392","url":null,"abstract":"2017, Accepted August 23, 2017 ) Kelvin-probe force microscopy ( KPFM ) is a surface potential mapping technique based on dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy ( AFM ) . It is useful to visualize carrier injection barriers and trapped charges in operating organic thin-ˆlm transistors ( OTFTs ) . Since it is desirable to perform KPFM experiments in vacuum conditions, frequency modulation ( FM ) technique is often used to oper-ate AFM / KPFM. We review two operating modes of KPFM using FM-AFM in vacuum and demonstrate visualization of the carrier injection barriers and trapped charges in OTFTs. We also introduce a method to visualize the transient distribution of the trapped charges being evacuated from","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80238171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication method for nanocluster superatoms with high-power impulse magnetron sputtering","authors":"H. Tsunoyama, M. Tona, K. Tsukamoto, A. Nakajima","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.352","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication Method for Nanocluster Superatoms with High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering Hironori TSUNOYAMA1,2, Masahide TONA3, Keizo TSUKAMOTO3 and Atsushi NAKAJIMA1,2,4 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3141 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan 2Nakajima Designer Nanocluster Assembly Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 321 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 2130012, Japan 3Ayabo Corporation, 1 Fukamacho Hosogute, Anjo-shi, Aichi 4460052, Japan 4Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Science (KiPAS), Keio University, 3141 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90376240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of a Portable Ultrahigh-Vacuum Sample Transfer Vessel and Its Application Eiichi KOBAYASHI1, Shukichi TANAKA2 and Toshihiro OKAJIMA1 1Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center, 87 Yayoigaoka, Tosu-shi, Saga 8410005, Japan 2AdvancedICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 5882 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 6512492, Japan
{"title":"可搬型超高真空試料搬送導入装置の開発とその応用;可搬型超高真空試料搬送導入装置の開発とその応用;Development of a Portable Ultrahigh-Vacuum Sample Transfer Vessel and Its Application","authors":"Eiichi Kobayashi, Shukichi Tanaka, Toshihiro Okajima","doi":"10.3131/JVSJ2.60.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3131/JVSJ2.60.139","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a Portable Ultrahigh-Vacuum Sample Transfer Vessel and Its Application Eiichi KOBAYASHI1, Shukichi TANAKA2 and Toshihiro OKAJIMA1 1Kyushu Synchrotron Light Research Center, 87 Yayoigaoka, Tosu-shi, Saga 8410005, Japan 2AdvancedICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 5882 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 6512492, Japan","PeriodicalId":17344,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Vacuum Society of Japan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87971362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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