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The Crucial Role of Local Adaptation in the Conservation of the Giant Panda Under Climate Change 气候变化下的大熊猫保护中地方适应的关键作用
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70758
Shulin Yu, Muyang Lu, Renqiang Li, Lehua Ning, Di Zhu, Zhaosheng Wang, Jinli Huang, Jingyong Zhang, Hui Wen, Weichao Zheng, Pan Wang, Zhen Xu, Yeding Xia, Jiaquan Duan, Peili Shi, Erhu Gao, Ziyu Zhong

Climate change-driven conservation strategies commonly project habitat availability but may not account for local adaptation among populations of the same species, which can influence prediction accuracy. Using the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) as a case study, we developed a regional-scale species distribution model (SDM) and 33 population-specific local models to assess niche divergence and climate-induced habitat shifts (current vs. 2080–2100, SSP2-4.5). Comparisons between the two model scales, validated against observed habitat distributions, revealed clear differences in predicted habitat range, area, quality, and fragmentation among local populations. Specifically, regional-scale models predicted lower climate threats for 15 local populations, higher threats for 10, and did not identify suitable habitats for 8 populations, particularly those that were smaller and more isolated. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating population-specific climatic niche differentiation into conservation planning to improve the reliability of climate impact assessments and to guide population-level strategies for biodiversity conservation under future climate change.

气候变化驱动的保护策略通常预测栖息地的可用性,但可能无法考虑同一物种种群之间的本地适应,这可能会影响预测的准确性。以大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)为例,建立了区域尺度的物种分布模型(SDM)和33个种群特定的局部模型,以评估生态位分化和气候引起的栖息地转移(当前与2080-2100,SSP2‐4.5)。两种模型尺度之间的比较,与观测到的栖息地分布进行了验证,揭示了在预测的栖息地范围、面积、质量和当地种群的破碎化方面存在明显差异。具体而言,区域尺度模型预测15个地方种群的气候威胁较低,10个地方种群的气候威胁较高,并且没有确定8个种群的适宜栖息地,特别是那些较小和更孤立的种群。这些发现强调了将种群特定的气候生态位分化纳入保护规划的重要性,以提高气候影响评估的可靠性,并指导未来气候变化下种群层面的生物多样性保护策略。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change Mitigation in Rice Farming Should Account for Biodiversity 缓解气候变化对水稻种植的影响应考虑生物多样性
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70754
Néstor Pérez-Méndez, Sebastián Echeverría-Progulakis, Naoki Katayama, Tatsuya Amano, Pete Smith, Gema Cambero-Conejero, Emily L. Mensch, Daniel S. Karp, Maite Martínez-Eixarch

Climate change mitigation and biodiversity loss are closely linked challenges, yet agricultural strategies often address them separately. Focusing on rice farming, this article shows that widely promoted water-saving practices can reduce greenhouse gas emissions but may also harm freshwater biodiversity that depends on flooded fields. We highlight alternative management approaches and the need for spatially and seasonally targeted strategies that balance climate goals, biodiversity conservation, and food production.

减缓气候变化和生物多样性丧失是密切相关的挑战,但农业战略往往分别处理这两个问题。这篇以水稻种植为重点的文章表明,广泛推广的节水做法可以减少温室气体排放,但也可能损害依赖于淹水农田的淡水生物多样性。我们强调了可替代的管理方法,以及在气候目标、生物多样性保护和粮食生产之间取得平衡的具有空间和季节针对性的战略的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change Impacts the Structure and Nitrogen-Fixing Activities of Subarctic Feather Moss Microbiomes Across a Precipitation Gradient 气候变化对亚北极羽毛苔藓微生物群结构和固氮活性的影响
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70718
Danillo O. Alvarenga, Justin T. Wynns, Joseph Nesme, Anders Priemé, Kathrin Rousk

Associations between feather mosses and cyanobacteria are crucial sources of new biologically available nitrogen (N) in arctic and subarctic ecosystems. The physiology of both mosses and cyanobacteria is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and moisture, which directly affect N2 fixation rates. These associations may be threatened by climate change, since it leads to warmer and drier conditions in polar regions. In this study, we investigated the N2-fixing microbial communities associated with two common feather mosses across a precipitation gradient in the subarctic tundra, followed by a temperature and moisture experiment. Using acetylene reduction assays, nifH gene sequencing and qPCR, we evaluated how shifts in temperature and moisture influence nitrogenase activity and N2-fixing community structure. Our results showed that N2 fixation was highest in sites with greater precipitation and increased with both temperature and moisture. Cyanobacteria dominated N2-fixing communities, but currently unclassified bacteria also seemed to play a significant role, particularly at higher temperatures. The number of cyanobacterial nifH copies tended to remain stable or decrease with temperature, while the relative abundance of unclassified bacteria increased. These findings suggest that the N2-fixing activity, abundance, and diversity of cyanobacteria associated with feather mosses in the subarctic will decline under warmer and drier conditions, potentially leading to a shift in the composition of feather moss-associated microbial communities in a warmer Arctic, with potential consequences for N input into the ecosystem.

羽毛苔藓和蓝藻之间的联系是北极和亚北极生态系统中新的生物可利用氮(N)的重要来源。苔藓和蓝藻的生理都受到温度和湿度等环境因素的强烈影响,这些因素直接影响氮素的固定速率。这些联系可能会受到气候变化的威胁,因为气候变化会导致极地地区变得更加温暖和干燥。在这项研究中,我们研究了亚北极冻土带两种常见的羽藓类植物在不同降水梯度下的固氮微生物群落,并进行了温度和湿度实验。利用乙炔还原实验、nifH基因测序和qPCR,研究人员评估了温度和湿度变化对固氮酶活性和固氮群落结构的影响。结果表明,在降水量较大的地点,固氮作用最大,且随着温度和湿度的增加而增加。蓝藻主导了固氮群落,但目前未分类的细菌似乎也发挥了重要作用,特别是在较高的温度下。随着温度的升高,蓝藻nifH拷贝数趋于稳定或减少,而未分类细菌的相对丰度则增加。这些发现表明,在温暖和干燥的条件下,亚北极地区与羽苔相关的蓝藻的固氮活性、丰度和多样性将会下降,这可能导致北极地区与羽苔相关的微生物群落的组成发生变化,并对生态系统的氮输入产生潜在影响。
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引用次数: 0
Upland Methane Sinks Under Climate Change: Global Patterns, Drivers and Trends 气候变化下的陆地甲烷汇:全球模式、驱动因素和趋势
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70747
Li Cheng, Wensheng Xiao, Josep Peñuelas, Fei Li, Yanjun Liu, Philippe Ciais, Xiaoqi Zhou

Well-aerated upland soils serve as a crucial biological sink for atmospheric methane (CH4), playing a key role in mitigating climate change. However, current understanding of how this CH4 sink responds to global climate change remains limited. To address this, we integrated 1092 observational data points to construct a dataset covering multiple global change factors and used meta-analysis to quantify the response mechanisms of the upland CH4 sink. Results show that warming, reduced precipitation, and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations significantly strengthened the CH4 sink, while increased precipitation and nitrogen addition weakened it. Interactive effects were also observed: low-level nitrogen deposition acted antagonistically with increased precipitation, but synergistically with warming. We subsequently optimized a CH4 oxidation model to explore the global distribution patterns and future trends under different climate scenarios. The current global upland soil CH4 sink is estimated at approximately 37 Tg year−1 and generally shows an increasing temporal trend. Spatially, the sink exhibits heterogeneity: a greater extent of desert areas in the Northern Hemisphere leads to a lower CH4 sink per unit area compared to the Southern Hemisphere. Future spatiotemporal trends of the soil CH4 sink will depend on the climate pathway. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 1–2.6 scenario, the CH4 sink declines over time, whereas under SSP5-8.5, it follows a unimodal trajectory. Variations in the soil CH4 sink also differ across regions. These changes are primarily associated with atmospheric CH4 concentrations under different climate pathways, as well as alterations in soil temperature and moisture resulting from various climate change drivers. These findings underscore the importance of the upland CH4 sink in the global CH4 cycle and significantly advance our understanding of its response mechanisms to climate change.

通气良好的高地土壤是大气甲烷(ch4)的重要生物汇,在减缓气候变化方面发挥着关键作用。然而,目前对甲烷汇如何响应全球气候变化的了解仍然有限。为了解决这一问题,我们整合了1092个观测数据点,构建了一个涵盖多个全球变化因子的数据集,并使用元分析来量化高地ch4汇的响应机制。结果表明,气候变暖、降水减少和二氧化碳浓度升高显著增强了ch4汇,而降水增加和氮添加则削弱了ch4汇。交互效应也被观察到:低水平氮沉降对降水增加具有拮抗作用,但对变暖具有协同作用。随后,我们优化了一个甲烷氧化模型,以探索不同气候情景下的全球分布格局和未来趋势。目前全球陆地土壤ch4汇估计约为37 Tg year - 1,总体上呈增加趋势。在空间上,碳汇表现出异质性:北半球的荒漠面积越大,单位面积的甲烷汇就越少。未来土壤ch4汇的时空变化趋势将取决于气候途径。在共享社会经济路径(SSP) 1-2.6情景下,甲烷汇随时间下降,而在SSP5 - 8.5情景下,它遵循单峰轨迹。土壤甲烷汇的变化也因地区而异。这些变化主要与不同气候路径下的大气ch4浓度以及各种气候变化驱动因素导致的土壤温度和湿度变化有关。这些发现强调了高地甲烷汇在全球甲烷循环中的重要性,并显著促进了我们对其对气候变化响应机制的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Phenological Responses to Canopy Structure Depend on Vegetation Biomes Across the United States 美国植被生物群系对冠层结构的物候响应
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70749
Hanshi Chen, Yu Wei, Tong Qiu

Land surface phenology is a key indicator of ecosystem responses to global change, but most studies largely emphasized temporal trends, leaving spatial patterns, particularly those shaped by canopy structure, underresolved. As disturbances from forest dieback, invasive species, and wildfire expand canopy openings that reshape microclimates, their consequences for the timing of spring green-up and fall senescence remain poorly quantified. Leveraging multi-source remote sensing data from 25 sites in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), we evaluated how canopy gaps and their interactions with climate affect phenology across diverse biomes with a Bayesian spatially explicit model. Gaps were associated with earlier spring and later fall phenology in 15 and 18 sites, respectively; tropical seasonal and temperate rainforests showed delays in both seasons, whereas temperate seasonal forests generally advanced spring and delayed fall, and woodland/shrubland advanced spring but exhibited mixed fall responses. At typical average gap sizes (200 to 650 m2), spring green-up shifted by −2 to +2 days and autumn senescence by −1 to +5 days, with climate background modulating both magnitude and direction in some sites. Our models also achieved high out-of-sample accuracy (R2 > 0.5 at 21 of 25 sites for spring and 20 of 25 for fall), highlighting canopy structure as a key driver of spatial variations in phenology. Because canopy structure can be modified through silvicultural practices, these findings provide actionable guidance for climate-resilient forest management.

陆地表面物候是生态系统对全球变化响应的关键指标,但大多数研究主要强调时间趋势,导致空间格局,特别是由冠层结构形成的空间格局未得到充分解决。由于来自森林枯死、入侵物种和野火的干扰扩大了冠层开口,从而重塑了小气候,它们对春季变绿和秋季衰老时间的影响仍然很难量化。利用国家生态观测站网络(NEON) 25个站点的多源遥感数据,利用贝叶斯空间显式模型评估了冠层间隙及其与气候的相互作用如何影响不同生物群系的物候。15个和18个地点的林隙分别与早春和晚秋物候有关;热带雨林和温带雨林在两个季节都表现出延迟,而温带雨林普遍提前春季和延迟秋季,林地/灌木林地提前春季但表现出混合的秋季响应。在典型的平均林隙大小(200 ~ 650 m2)上,春季变绿变化了−2 ~ +2天,秋季变老变化了−1 ~ +5天,气候背景调节了一些站点的大小和方向。我们的模型也获得了很高的样本外精度(春季25个站点中有21个站点r2 >; 0.5,秋季25个站点中有20个站点r2 >; 0.5),强调了冠层结构是物候空间变化的关键驱动因素。由于树冠结构可以通过造林措施加以改变,这些发现为气候适应型森林管理提供了可操作的指导。
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引用次数: 0
Phenological Shifts in Wood Formation Tracked by Frost Rings Across Two Centuries 两个世纪以来由霜冻年轮追踪的木材形成物候变化
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70745
Eugenia Mantovani, Angela Luisa Prendin, Michele Brunetti, Davide Frigo, Raffaella Dibona, Marco Carrer

Accelerated warming, particularly in mountain regions, is altering plant phenology across ecosystems. However, the extent of these changes varies among species and regions. While phenophases in plant compartments such as leaves or flowers are relatively easy to observe, monitoring xylem phenology remains challenging due to the labour-intensive methods required to capture intra-annual growth dynamics. Here, we adopted an indirect retrospective approach to infer cambial phenology by analysing the timing and occurrence of frost damage in the growth rings of three Alpine conifer species. Increment cores were collected from 4481 individuals (1897 Larix decidua Mill., 980 Picea abies L. Karst., and 1604 Pinus cembra L.) at two high-elevation sites in the Eastern Alps. Frost rings were identified, dated, and compared with long-term (1774–2020) daily temperature records to determine their timing, using the 1.7°C threshold for cambial activity onset and subsequent episodes when minimum temperatures dropped below 0°C. We found that the cold spells responsible for frost ring formation remained consistent, typically involving temperatures dropping below freezing for an average of 4–5 consecutive days. However, the timing of frost ring formation, and thus cambial onset, has shifted over the past 200 years with no significant differences across taxa. This shift corresponds to about 7 days earlier per century or per °C of warming and is notably smaller than phenological shifts reported for other plant compartments in the same region. Given the critical role of cambial activity in forest carbon dynamics, these findings can help refine global vegetation models and improve predictions of ecosystem responses to climate change.

加速变暖,特别是在山区,正在改变整个生态系统的植物物候。然而,这些变化的程度因物种和地区而异。虽然植物区室(如叶或花)的物候期相对容易观察,但由于需要劳动密集型的方法来捕捉年内生长动态,监测木质部物候仍然具有挑战性。本文采用间接回溯法,通过分析3种高山针叶树生长年轮中霜害发生的时间和时间,推断形成层物候。从1897年落叶松(Larix decidua Mill) 4481株中采集了增长型岩心。, 980云杉冷杉L.喀斯特。和1604松(Pinus cembra L.)在东阿尔卑斯山的两个高海拔地点。霜冻年轮被识别、确定日期,并与长期(1774-2020)日温度记录进行比较,以确定霜冻年轮的时间,使用1.7°C的形成层活动开始的阈值和最低温度降至0°C以下的后续事件。我们发现,导致霜环形成的寒潮保持一致,通常是气温连续平均4-5天降至冰点以下。然而,在过去的200年里,霜环形成的时间和形成层的发生时间发生了变化,在不同的分类群之间没有显著的差异。这种变化相当于每世纪或每°C变暖早7天,明显小于同一地区其他植物区室报告的物候变化。鉴于形成层活动在森林碳动态中的关键作用,这些发现可以帮助完善全球植被模型并改进生态系统对气候变化响应的预测。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling Ringed and Bearded Seal Future Habitats Indicates Stability, Shifts, and Refugia 模拟环纹海豹和胡须海豹未来的栖息地表明稳定,变化和避难所
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70735
Patrick Farnole, Steven H. Ferguson, Antoine Haddon, Ellen V. Lea, Adam H. Monahan, Nadja Steiner

Understanding how marine habitats are changing with a warming Arctic is essential for conservation, management, and adaptation strategies bearing tangible consequences for Arctic communities and ecosystems. Ringed seals and bearded seals rely on specific ice and snow conditions to support critical life history events affecting survival and reproduction. Here, we develop a panarctic habitat suitability model linking life events and environmental conditions. With Earth System Models, we simulate habitat over 1850–2100, revealing a relatively stable past habitat contrasting with rapid regional shifts in contemporary simulations and future projections. Core historical habitats are projected to decline, but two regions arise as potential refugia—the East Siberian Sea and Canadian Arctic Archipelago—that could support ice seal populations towards 2100. These findings underscore the importance of refined monitoring and regional conservation strategies for ringed and bearded seals, and their unique ecosystem.

了解海洋栖息地如何随着北极变暖而变化,对于保护、管理和适应战略至关重要,这些战略将对北极社区和生态系统产生切实的影响。环斑海豹和须海豹依靠特定的冰雪条件来支持影响生存和繁殖的关键生活史事件。在此,我们建立了一个连接生命事件和环境条件的全北极生境适宜性模型。利用地球系统模型,我们模拟了1850-2100年的栖息地,揭示了一个相对稳定的过去栖息地,与当代模拟和未来预测的快速区域变化形成对比。核心的历史栖息地预计会减少,但有两个地区成为潜在的避难所——东西伯利亚海和加拿大北极群岛——到2100年可能会支持冰海豹的数量。这些发现强调了完善监测和区域保护策略对环斑海豹和胡须海豹及其独特生态系统的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Global Trends in Drought Impacts on Wildlife—A Review 全球干旱对野生动物影响趋势研究综述
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70752
Leah E. McTigue, Merijn van den Bosch, Hailey M. Boone, Hanna M. McCaslin, Lilly N. Jones, John M. Mola, Zachary L. Steel

Drought is expected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change, highlighting the urgency of understanding drought impacts on wildlife across geographies and taxonomic groups. We conducted a review of peer-reviewed articles from 1982 to 2024, focusing on the impacts of anomalous drought on terrestrial vertebrates. We recorded 3324 total wildlife responses, 188 from single-species studies and 3136 from multi-species studies. Within single-species studies, 66% of responses were negative, 32% were unclear, and 2% were positive, illustrating the widespread threat of increasing drought to global wildlife. Within multi-species studies, 24% of responses were negative, and 5% were positive. Notably, 71% of responses within multi-species papers were categorized as “unclear”, highlighting the need for additional investigation and the complexity of synthesizing a diverse literature. Drought impacts are not evenly tested across taxa, with birds being the most frequently studied (51% of documented responses), followed by mammals (28%), amphibians (16%), and reptiles (5%). Geographically, studies tended to occur most often where recent increases in anomalous drought have been observed (e.g., the Southwestern United States, South Africa, and Southeastern Australia). The sophistication of how drought is measured has increased over time, whereby studies increasingly defined drought as an anomalous event in comparison to a long-term average through the use of drought indices, rather than as a short-term weather event. However, we did not see consistency in indices used across the literature, which has the potential to present challenges for interpretation and synthesis. This review summarizes the predominantly negative impacts of drought on terrestrial vertebrates and the growing challenge of conserving wildlife in a changing world, while also highlighting gaps in our understanding of drought-wildlife relationships that can guide future research.

由于气候变化,干旱的频率和严重程度预计会增加,这凸显了了解干旱对不同地理和分类群体野生动物影响的紧迫性。我们回顾了1982年至2024年同行评议的文章,重点关注异常干旱对陆生脊椎动物的影响。我们共记录了3324个野生动物响应,其中188个来自单物种研究,3136个来自多物种研究。在单物种研究中,66%的回答是否定的,32%的回答不清楚,2%的回答是肯定的,这说明了日益严重的干旱对全球野生动物的广泛威胁。在多物种研究中,24%的反应为阴性,5%为阳性。值得注意的是,在多物种论文中,71%的回复被归类为“不清楚”,这突出了需要进行额外的调查和综合多样化文献的复杂性。干旱对不同分类群的影响测试并不均匀,鸟类是最常被研究的(占记录响应的51%),其次是哺乳动物(28%)、两栖动物(16%)和爬行动物(5%)。在地理上,研究往往发生在最近观测到异常干旱增加的地方(例如,美国西南部、南非和澳大利亚东南部)。随着时间的推移,测量干旱的方法变得越来越复杂,通过使用干旱指数,越来越多的研究将干旱定义为与长期平均水平相比的异常事件,而不是短期天气事件。然而,我们没有看到文献中使用的指数的一致性,这可能会给解释和综合带来挑战。本文总结了干旱对陆生脊椎动物的主要负面影响,以及在不断变化的世界中保护野生动物所面临的日益严峻的挑战,同时也强调了我们对干旱-野生动物关系的理解差距,这可以指导未来的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Pan-Arctic Peatlands Have Expanded During Recent Warming 泛北极泥炭地在最近的变暖中扩大了
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70684
J. Handley, R. E. Fewster, T. G. Sim, S. Hodson, B. Parker, K. Crichton, D. Charman, K. Anderson, M. Garneau, M. Väliranta, D. W. Beilman, G. T. Swindles, M. Aquino-López, M. Blaauw, X. Comas, E. Levesque, V. Maire, H. Addis, M. Amesbury, D. Fortier, M. Mleczko, A. Gallego-Sala

The fate of carbon stored in Arctic peatlands remains uncertain because of the complex nature of the effects of climate change on permafrost and peatland carbon cycling. Expansion and/or shrinkage of Arctic peatlands under climate change also remain unknown due to lack of ground data and difficulties detecting changes in the extent of these ecosystems, meaning that land surface model predictions currently inadequately quantify Arctic terrestrial carbon storage changes. Pan-Arctic shifts in peatland extent would profoundly change the fate of carbon in the terrestrial Arctic. Here, we tackle this knowledge gap by answering three main questions: (a) has lateral expansion occurred in Arctic peatlands as a response to recent warming? (b) if so, how fast has this occurred? (c) how does the response vary regionally? To answer these, we collected a dataset (12 peatland sites, 91 peat cores) combining peat cores collected across two latitudinal (north–south) transects: one in the European Arctic and one in the Canadian Arctic. In each region, we selected three peatland sites, with cores collected from transects spanning the peat-edge to the peat-centre. Our large-scale dataset shows that peatlands have expanded, often rapidly, with some rates exceeding ~1 m per year since 1950 AD. This rapid expansion has occurred during a period of widespread Arctic warming and is still ongoing: two thirds (8/12) of our peatland sites evidence new peat formation after ~1990 AD based on age-depth models constrained by 14C and 210Pb dating. Given that our sites comprise a broad range of Arctic conditions, we expect peatland expansion to be a pan-Arctic phenomenon. Within specific regions, there are constraints on peat expansion including topographical limits, but we present the basis for future work to estimate pan-Arctic peatland expansion, plus the associated carbon cycle implications under future climate change.

由于气候变化对永久冻土和泥炭地碳循环影响的复杂性,北极泥炭地储存的碳的命运仍然不确定。由于缺乏地面数据和难以探测这些生态系统范围的变化,气候变化下北极泥炭地的扩张和/或收缩也仍然未知,这意味着陆地表面模式预测目前无法充分量化北极陆地碳储量的变化。泛北极泥炭地范围的变化将深刻地改变北极陆地碳的命运。在这里,我们通过回答三个主要问题来解决这一知识差距:(a)北极泥炭地的横向扩张是否作为对最近变暖的反应而发生?(二)若有,发生的速度有多快?(三)各地区的反应有何不同?为了回答这些问题,我们收集了一个数据集(12个泥炭地地点,91个泥炭核),结合了两个纬度(南北)样带收集的泥炭核:一个在欧洲北极,一个在加拿大北极。在每个地区,我们选择了三个泥炭地遗址,从泥炭边缘到泥炭中心的样带收集了岩心。我们的大型数据集显示,自公元1950年以来,泥炭地一直在迅速扩张,有些地区的扩张速度超过每年1米。这种快速扩张发生在广泛的北极变暖期间,并且仍在继续:根据14c和210pb测年约束的年龄-深度模型,三分之二(8/12)的泥炭地遗址表明,在公元~1990年之后形成了新的泥炭。考虑到我们的站点包含了广泛的北极条件,我们预计泥炭地的扩张将是一个泛北极现象。在特定区域内,泥炭地扩张存在地形限制,但我们提出了未来工作的基础,以估计泛北极泥炭地扩张,以及未来气候变化下相关的碳循环影响。
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引用次数: 0
Controls on Seasonal Atmosphere-Ecosystem Carbon Dioxide Exchanges in a Temperate Salt Marsh 温带盐沼季节大气-生态系统二氧化碳交换控制
IF 12 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70740
Jesus Ruiz-Plancarte, Jose D. Fuentes, Karen J. McGlathery

Salt marshes play a vital role in the biogeochemistry of coastal zones, yet the biophysical controls on CO2 exchange with the atmosphere, or net ecosystem exchange (NEE, positive upwards) remain poorly quantified. We investigated a Spartina alterniflora monoculture salt marsh on the eastern shore of Virginia, United States, by estimating half-hourly NEE from March 2016 to February 2017 using the eddy-covariance method. Maximum marsh–atmosphere CO2 exchanges occurred during June and July when hourly averaged NEE values reached −10.0 ± 2.5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 (mean ±1 standard deviation). During the most productive time of the year, a tidal inundation of 0.7 m reduced daytime CO2 assimilation and nighttime CO2 release to the atmosphere by 5.0 ± 1.2 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and 3.0 ± 0.7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, respectively. Diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) conditions promoted quantum use efficiencies (α) of the ecosystem that were approximately three times greater than under direct PAR conditions (αCloudy = 0.012 ± 0.004 versus αClear = 0.004 ± 0.001 mol CO2 per (mol photons)). Under diffuse light, NEE increased more rapidly with PAR and photo-saturation occurred at higher PAR levels compared to clear-sky conditions. On average, under the influence of diffuse light, the assimilation of CO2 increased by 30% relative to equivalent PAR levels under direct sunlight. During March 2016 to February 2017 the marsh exchanged −269.1 ± 9.1 g of carbon per m2 with the atmosphere. The findings demonstrate that tides and light quality are key regulators of carbon cycling in tidal marshes. These factors should be incorporated into models of tidal marsh biogeochemistry, particularly as both are undergoing rapid changes due to sea level rise and atmospheric warming.

盐沼在海岸带生物地球化学中起着至关重要的作用,但对CO2与大气交换或净生态系统交换(NEE,正向上)的生物物理控制仍缺乏量化。2016年3月至2017年2月,利用涡旋协方差法估算了美国弗吉尼亚州东岸互花米草单一盐沼的半小时NEE。沼泽-大气CO2交换在6月和7月最大,逐小时NEE值达到−10.0±2.5 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1(平均值±1标准差)。在一年中最多产的时期,0.7 m的潮汐淹没使白天的CO2同化和夜间的CO2释放分别减少5.0±1.2 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1和3.0±0.7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1。扩散光合有效辐射(PAR)条件下,生态系统的量子利用效率(α)比直接PAR条件下提高了约3倍(α cloudy = 0.012±0.004 vs α clear = 0.004±0.001 mol CO2 / (mol光子))。在漫射光条件下,NEE随PAR的增加更快,与晴空条件相比,较高PAR水平下发生光饱和。平均而言,在漫射光的影响下,CO2的同化相对于阳光直射下的等效PAR水平增加了30%。在2016年3月至2017年2月期间,沼泽与大气的碳交换为- 269.1±9.1 g / m2。研究结果表明,潮汐和光质量是潮汐沼泽碳循环的关键调节因子。这些因素应纳入潮汐沼泽生物地球化学模型,特别是由于海平面上升和大气变暖,两者都在经历快速变化。
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Global Change Biology
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