Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30881-1
Xia Ruyu , Hu Xiao-yang , Wang Di , Wang Ying , Merlin Willcox , Liu Jianping , Michael Moore , Andrew Flower , Li Xun , Lily Lai , Hu Ruixue , Wen Lingzi , Zhang Lishan , Wang Qi , Fei Yutong
OBJECTIVE
To compare clinical practice guideline recommendations on the use of oral patent Traditional Chinese Medicines (PTCMs) for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in adults with the existing evidence using results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
METHODS
A systematic review on RCTs and a systematic review of current guidelines on orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs were performed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to September 2016 for RCTs testing orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs (excluding pneumonia). Two reviewers independently screened each study, extracted study data, and assessed risk of bias. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by consultation with a third reviewer. Clinical practice guidelines for uncomplicated ALRTIs containing PTCM recommendations were identified and quality appraised. The quality of pooled evidence of the RCTs and the guidelines was assessed with GRADE and AGREE II respectively. The consistency of the evidence base in RCTs and the guideline recommendations were then compared.
RESULTS
For the systematic review of RCTs, 4810 papers were identified, among which 29 RCTs (5093 patients) were included in the review. PTCMs compared to placebo increased the effective treatment rate of cough (3 trials, 949 patients, risk ratio (RR) 2.50, 1.16 to 5.43; low certainty); improved assessment of global health (3 trials, 948 patients, RR 1.70, 1.44 to 2.01; low certainty); and increased the effective rate of specific symptom relief (1 trial, 478 patients, RR 4.01, 2.76 to 5.81; moderate certainty). 21 trials (3432 patients) compared effects of different PTCMs. For the guideline evaluation, 29 PTCMs were recommended for the use of uncomplicated ALRTIs, of which27 had no supportive evidence from RCTs.
CONCLUSION
The evidence base of PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs is weak and the guideline recommendations were based on almost no clinical trial evidence. Rigorous clinical research is urgently needed to inform the clinical use of these herbal medicines. Further training in evidence-based medicine methods for Traditional Chinese Medicine guideline developers is essential.
{"title":"Evidence base of randomized controlled trials and guideline recommendations of patent Traditional Chinese Medicines for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections in adults","authors":"Xia Ruyu , Hu Xiao-yang , Wang Di , Wang Ying , Merlin Willcox , Liu Jianping , Michael Moore , Andrew Flower , Li Xun , Lily Lai , Hu Ruixue , Wen Lingzi , Zhang Lishan , Wang Qi , Fei Yutong","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30881-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30881-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To compare clinical practice guideline recommendations on the use of oral patent Traditional Chinese Medicines (PTCMs) for uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in adults with the existing evidence using results of a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>A systematic review on RCTs and a systematic review of current guidelines on orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs were performed. PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to September 2016 for RCTs testing orally taken PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs (excluding pneumonia). Two reviewers independently screened each study, extracted study data, and assessed risk of bias. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or by consultation with a third reviewer. Clinical practice guidelines for uncomplicated ALRTIs containing PTCM recommendations were identified and quality appraised. The quality of pooled evidence of the RCTs and the guidelines was assessed with GRADE and AGREE II respectively. The consistency of the evidence base in RCTs and the guideline recommendations were then compared.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>For the systematic review of RCTs, 4810 papers were identified, among which 29 RCTs (5093 patients) were included in the review. PTCMs compared to placebo increased the effective treatment rate of cough (3 trials, 949 patients, risk ratio (RR) 2.50, 1.16 to 5.43; low certainty); improved assessment of global health (3 trials, 948 patients, RR 1.70, 1.44 to 2.01; low certainty); and increased the effective rate of specific symptom relief (1 trial, 478 patients, <em>RR</em> 4.01, 2.76 to 5.81; moderate certainty). 21 trials (3432 patients) compared effects of different PTCMs. For the guideline evaluation, 29 PTCMs were recommended for the use of uncomplicated ALRTIs, of which27 had no supportive evidence from RCTs.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>The evidence base of PTCMs for uncomplicated ALRTIs is weak and the guideline recommendations were based on almost no clinical trial evidence. Rigorous clinical research is urgently needed to inform the clinical use of these herbal medicines. Further training in evidence-based medicine methods for Traditional Chinese Medicine guideline developers is essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30881-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46419345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30891-4
Lu Yu , Niu Tingli , Chen Tianyu , Gao Lujiao , Ma Liangxiao , Li Haiyan , Zhu Qingwen , Yang Xuezhi , Niu Xin
OBJECTIVE
The study aim was to use existing relevant indexes to establish an index series for the quantitative measurement of Qi deficiency pattern (QDP) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
METHODS
Seventeen indexes of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), TCM pulse diagnosis, heart rate, and blood pressure were integrated into an index series, and 94 selected subjects were divided into a healthy control group, a mild QDP group, and a typical QDP group. All three groups were then synchronously given a breath-holding (BH) test and index detections using TCM apparatus for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment and a photoplethysmograph. The detections were carried out repeatedly until there was no monotonic change in the value of the minimal SaO2 during a BH measurement (SaO2MIN) or in the duration of BH during a BH measurement (TBH).
RESULTS
BH measurement and index detection data from 380 eligible cases were analyzed and a significant intergroup difference was found for 12 indexes.
CONCLUSION
An index series for quantitative QDP measurement could comprise the 12 effective indexes: RSaO2d (rate of decline of SaO2 during a BH measurement), RSaO2r (recovery rate of SaO2 after a BH measurement), SaO2min, BFV (blood flow velocity), TSaO2d (the time at which SaO2 started declining during a BH measurement), TBH, TSaO2min (the time of occurrence of the minimal SaO2 during a BH measurement), TSaO2max (the time of occurrence of the maximal SaO2 after a BH measurement), PTP (pulse-touching pressure), SBP (systolic blood pressure), PWV (pulse wave velocity), and DBP (diastolic blood pressure). Of the indexes, RSaO2d could play a key role in quantitative QDP measurement; RSaO2r and SaO2min could be used to differentiate the QDP symptom of shortness of breath and as early-warning indexes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BFV, TSaO2d, and TBH could be used to quantitatively assess the QDP symptoms of spontaneous perspiration and shortness of breath.
{"title":"An innovative method to evaluate the severe level of general Qi deficiency","authors":"Lu Yu , Niu Tingli , Chen Tianyu , Gao Lujiao , Ma Liangxiao , Li Haiyan , Zhu Qingwen , Yang Xuezhi , Niu Xin","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30891-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30891-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>The study aim was to use existing relevant indexes to establish an index series for the quantitative measurement of <em>Qi</em> deficiency pattern (QDP) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Seventeen indexes of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>), TCM pulse diagnosis, heart rate, and blood pressure were integrated into an index series, and 94 selected subjects were divided into a healthy control group, a mild QDP group, and a typical QDP group. All three groups were then synchronously given a breath-holding (BH) test and index detections using TCM apparatus for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment and a photoplethysmograph. The detections were carried out repeatedly until there was no monotonic change in the value of the minimal SaO<sub>2</sub> during a BH measurement (SaO<sub>2MIN</sub>) or in the duration of BH during a BH measurement (T<sub>BH</sub>).</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>BH measurement and index detection data from 380 eligible cases were analyzed and a significant intergroup difference was found for 12 indexes.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>An index series for quantitative QDP measurement could comprise the 12 effective indexes: RSaO<sub>2d</sub> (rate of decline of SaO<sub>2</sub> during a BH measurement), RSaO<sub>2r</sub> (recovery rate of SaO<sub>2</sub> after a BH measurement), SaO<sub>2min,</sub> BFV (blood flow velocity), TSaO<sub>2d</sub> (the time at which SaO<sub>2</sub> started declining during a BH measurement), T<sub>BH</sub>, TSaO<sub>2min</sub> (the time of occurrence of the minimal SaO<sub>2</sub> during a BH measurement), TSaO<sub>2max</sub> (the time of occurrence of the maximal SaO<sub>2</sub> after a BH measurement), PTP (pulse-touching pressure), SBP (systolic blood pressure), PWV (pulse wave velocity), and DBP (diastolic blood pressure). Of the indexes, RSaO<sub>2d</sub> could play a key role in quantitative QDP measurement; RSaO<sub>2r</sub> and SaO<sub>2min</sub> could be used to differentiate the QDP symptom of shortness of breath and as early-warning indexes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BFV, TSaO<sub>2d,</sub> and T<sub>BH</sub> could be used to quantitatively assess the QDP symptoms of spontaneous perspiration and shortness of breath.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30891-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47524646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30879-3
Young-Nim You , Min-Yeong Song , Gwang-Cheon Park , Chang-Su Na , Jae-Young Han , Myung-Rae Cho , Jae-Hong Kim
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical effectiveness of scalp acupuncture (SA) for stroke.
METHODS
Literature searches were performed in 7 databases up to 16 August 2014, and all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which SA therapy was administered to stroke patients were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score, the Cochrane risk of bias assessment, and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture.
RESULTS
Of a total of 2086 papers, 21 RCTs were selected. Meta-analysis revealed significant differences in the total efficacy rates of the SA group and the body acupuncture (BA) group vs the medication group (P < 0.002, P < 0.000 001, respectively), the SA plus BA group vs the BA group (P < 0.001); in the motor function of the SA plus BA group vs the BA group (P = 0.077); and in the nerve function of the SA group vs the SA plus BA group (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The results of our systematic review showed that SA therapy may exhibit effects in treatment efficacy and in the recovery of motor and nervous functions in patients with acute to chronic stroke. However, because of the lack of methodological quality, the thoroughly planned clinical studies are still required.
目的对头皮针刺治疗脑卒中的临床疗效进行系统评价。方法对截至2014年8月16日的7个数据库进行文献检索，选取脑卒中患者接受SA治疗的所有随机对照试验(rct)。方法学质量采用Jadad评分、Cochrane偏倚风险评估和针灸临床试验干预措施报告标准进行评估。结果共纳入2086篇文献，共筛选出21篇rct。meta分析显示，SA组和体针(BA)组的总有效率与药物组相比有显著差异(P <0.002, P <0.000 001)， SA + BA组vs BA组(P <0.001);SA + BA组与BA组运动功能差异有统计学意义(P = 0.077);SA组与SA + BA组的神经功能差异(P <0.0001)。结论系统评价结果显示，SA治疗对急慢性脑卒中患者的治疗效果和运动神经功能的恢复有一定的促进作用。然而，由于缺乏方法学质量，仍然需要彻底计划的临床研究。
{"title":"Meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials for scalp acupuncture treatment of stroke: A systematic review","authors":"Young-Nim You , Min-Yeong Song , Gwang-Cheon Park , Chang-Su Na , Jae-Young Han , Myung-Rae Cho , Jae-Hong Kim","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30879-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30879-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To conduct a systematic review to assess the clinical effectiveness of scalp acupuncture (SA) for stroke.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Literature searches were performed in 7 databases up to 16 August 2014, and all the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which SA therapy was administered to stroke patients were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score, the Cochrane risk of bias assessment, and the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Of a total of 2086 papers, 21 RCTs were selected. Meta-analysis revealed significant differences in the total efficacy rates of the SA group and the body acupuncture (BA) group <em>vs</em> the medication group (<em>P</em> < 0.002, <em>P</em> < 0.000 001, respectively), the SA plus BA group vs the BA group (<em>P</em> < 0.001); in the motor function of the SA plus BA group <em>vs</em> the BA group (<em>P</em> = 0.077); and in the nerve function of the SA group <em>vs</em> the SA plus BA group (<em>P</em> < 0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>The results of our systematic review showed that SA therapy may exhibit effects in treatment efficacy and in the recovery of motor and nervous functions in patients with acute to chronic stroke. However, because of the lack of methodological quality, the thoroughly planned clinical studies are still required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30879-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85875674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30883-5
Seong Eun Jin , Hyeun-Kyoo Shin , Hyekyung Ha
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of Yin-tonification herbal formulas Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyin Jianghuo Tang, JEGHT), Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanghe Tang, SHT) and Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuwei Di huang Tang, YMJHT) on the activities of human major cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases isozymes (UGTs) in vitro.
METHODS
The activities of CYP450s (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1) and UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7) were assessed using in vitro fluorescence- and luminescence-based enzyme assays, respectively. The effects of herbal formulas on the activities of CYP450s and UGTs were presented as IC50 values.
RESULTS
JEGHT showed the potent inhibition of the CYP2D6 activity, with weak inhibition on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7. SHT inhibited the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, whereas the negligible inhibition of the activities of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 through SHT was observed. YMJHT inhibited CYP2E1 activity, with a negligible inhibition on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7.
CONCLUSION
These findings provide information about the potential interactions between three Yin-tonification herbal formulas and conventional drugs.
{"title":"Inhibitory potential of three Yin-tonification herbal formulas on the activities of human major cytochrome P450 and UDP- glucuronosyltransferases isozymes in vitro","authors":"Seong Eun Jin , Hyeun-Kyoo Shin , Hyekyung Ha","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30883-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30883-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To investigate the influence of <em>Yin</em>-tonification herbal formulas Jaeumganghwa-tang (Ziyin Jianghuo Tang, JEGHT), Ssanghwa-tang (Shuanghe Tang, SHT) and Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuwei Di huang Tang, YMJHT) on the activities of human major cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases isozymes (UGTs) <em>in vitro.</em></p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>The activities of CYP450s (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP2E1) and UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7) were assessed using <em>in vitro</em> fluorescence- and luminescence-based enzyme assays, respectively. The effects of herbal formulas on the activities of CYP450s and UGTs were presented as IC50 values.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>JEGHT showed the potent inhibition of the CYP2D6 activity, with weak inhibition on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7. SHT inhibited the activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, whereas the negligible inhibition of the activities of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7 through SHT was observed. YMJHT inhibited CYP2E1 activity, with a negligible inhibition on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>These findings provide information about the potential interactions between three <em>Yin</em>-tonification herbal formulas and conventional drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30883-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48724920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30889-6
Zhang Yi , Mo Fangfang , Zhang Dongwei , Gao Sihua , Zhao Dandan , Yu Na , Mu Qianqian , Zuo Jiacheng , Ma Yue
OBJECTIVE
To observe the effect of Jiangtang Xiaoke (JTXK) granule on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in high fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) KK-Ay mice.
METHODS
KK-Ay mice were fed with HFD to induce the T2DM model, while normal control C57BL/6J mice were given standard feed. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) in all mice was measured weekly and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed at 4 and 10 weeks after start of treatment to determine glucose metabolism. Serum fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were measured to determine insulin sensitivity. mRNA expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha (eIF2α), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the protein expressions of p-eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP were assessed by Western blotting.
RESULTS
JTXK granule significantly reduced FBG and free fatty acid levels and improved OGTT at the 120 min of the 10-week treatment in T2DM KK-Ay mice. FINS and HbAlc levels were reduced and insulin sensitivities were increased in KK-Ay diabetic mice, which were improved with the treatment of JTXK granule, especially at the 7 and 3.5 g/kg doses. JTXK granule at the 3.5 g/kg dose was most effective in reducing both gene and protein expressions of eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP.
CONCLUSION
ER stress response is increased in T2DM KK-Ay mice. Treatment with JTXK granule attenuates glucose disorders, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces serum FFA in T2DM KK-Ay mice. The mechanisms may be attributed to regulation of the signaling ER stress pathway via decreasing eIF2α phosphorylation and suppressing eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP activation.
{"title":"Jiangtang Xiaoke granule attenuates glucose metabolism disorder via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus mice","authors":"Zhang Yi , Mo Fangfang , Zhang Dongwei , Gao Sihua , Zhao Dandan , Yu Na , Mu Qianqian , Zuo Jiacheng , Ma Yue","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30889-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30889-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To observe the effect of Jiangtang Xiaoke (JTXK) granule on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in high fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) KK-Ay mice.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>KK-Ay mice were fed with HFD to induce the T2DM model, while normal control C57BL/6J mice were given standard feed. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) in all mice was measured weekly and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were performed at 4 and 10 weeks after start of treatment to determine glucose metabolism. Serum fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were measured to determine insulin sensitivity. mRNA expressions of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 alpha (eIF2α), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the protein expressions of p-eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP were assessed by Western blotting.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>JTXK granule significantly reduced FBG and free fatty acid levels and improved OGTT at the 120 min of the 10-week treatment in T2DM KK-Ay mice. FINS and HbAlc levels were reduced and insulin sensitivities were increased in KK-Ay diabetic mice, which were improved with the treatment of JTXK granule, especially at the 7 and 3.5 g/kg doses. JTXK granule at the 3.5 g/kg dose was most effective in reducing both gene and protein expressions of eIF2α, GRP78, and CHOP.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>ER stress response is increased in T2DM KK-Ay mice. Treatment with JTXK granule attenuates glucose disorders, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces serum FFA in T2DM KK-Ay mice. The mechanisms may be attributed to regulation of the signaling ER stress pathway <em>via</em> decreasing eIF2α phosphorylation and suppressing eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30889-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30885-9
Tu Guifang , Gong Xiangwen , Yang Qinhe , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Guanlong , Liang Yinji , Zhang Yupei , Yan Haizhen , Lin Chunmei , Zhang Jinwen
OBJECTIVE
To investigate effects of the extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas on the injury due to oxidative stress, mediated by the Nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2)-Antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, in the hepatocytes of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet.
METHODS
Soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formula mixtures were prepared for five groups: normal, model, soothing-liver formula group (SLG), invigorating-spleen formula group (ISG), integrated formula group (IG). The rat model of NAFLD was induced by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks, the hepatic tissue was examined following Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and with Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Levels of hepatic lipids, serum lipids and hepatic functions were measured using a biochemical analyser. Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of rats and were identified by cellar immunohistochemistry, cellular immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Nrf2, Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mRNAs were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1 and NQO1 proteins were measured by Western blotting. Finally, the levels of oxidative stress factors Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in hepatocytes were measured by WST-1, TBA and colorimetry.
RESULTS
The H & E and TEM results showed that the NAFLD model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenetic and histopathological features. The liver function and levels of hepatic lipids and serum lipids from the model rats were dramatically increased. Compared with the model group, the levels of hepatic lipids, serum lipids and hepatic function in the treatment groups were ameliorated to different degrees. The yields of purified hepatocytes in each rat were 4-5 × 108. The viability of the isolated hepatocytes was higher than 95%, with a purity over 93.2%. Cellular immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the hepatocytes were brown, while in the cellular immunofluorescence analysis, the hepatocytes showed green fluorescence. The expression levels of Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA and protein in the hepatocytes were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1 and NQO-1 mRNAs and proteins in all treatment groups increased, especially in the IG (P <0.01).
CONCLUSION
The extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas may protect the liver against the injury induced by oxidative stress in hepatocytes by influencing the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which may be the mechanism having the potential for
{"title":"Effects of extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas on the injury induced by oxidative stress in the hepatocytes of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high-fat diet","authors":"Tu Guifang , Gong Xiangwen , Yang Qinhe , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Guanlong , Liang Yinji , Zhang Yupei , Yan Haizhen , Lin Chunmei , Zhang Jinwen","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30885-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30885-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To investigate effects of the extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas on the injury due to oxidative stress, mediated by the Nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2)-Antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, in the hepatocytes of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formula mixtures were prepared for five groups: normal, model, soothing-liver formula group (SLG), invigorating-spleen formula group (ISG), integrated formula group (IG). The rat model of NAFLD was induced by feeding rats a high-fat diet (HFD). After 16 weeks, the hepatic tissue was examined following Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and with Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Levels of hepatic lipids, serum lipids and hepatic functions were measured using a biochemical analyser. Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of rats and were identified by cellar immunohistochemistry, cellular immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Nrf2, Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) mRNAs were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1 and NQO1 proteins were measured by Western blotting. Finally, the levels of oxidative stress factors Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde (MDA) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in hepatocytes were measured by WST-1, TBA and colorimetry.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>The H & E and TEM results showed that the NAFLD model rats successfully reproduced typical pathogenetic and histopathological features. The liver function and levels of hepatic lipids and serum lipids from the model rats were dramatically increased. Compared with the model group, the levels of hepatic lipids, serum lipids and hepatic function in the treatment groups were ameliorated to different degrees. The yields of purified hepatocytes in each rat were 4-5 × 10<span><sup>8</sup></span>. The viability of the isolated hepatocytes was higher than 95%, with a purity over 93.2%. Cellular immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the hepatocytes were brown, while in the cellular immunofluorescence analysis, the hepatocytes showed green fluorescence. The expression levels of Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA and protein in the hepatocytes were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group (<em>P</em> < 0.05, <em>P</em> < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of Nrf2, Keap-1, HO-1 and NQO-1 mRNAs and proteins in all treatment groups increased, especially in the IG (<em>P</em> <0.01).</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>The extracts from soothing-liver and invigorating-spleen formulas may protect the liver against the injury induced by oxidative stress in hepatocytes by influencing the Nrf2-ARE pathway, which may be the mechanism having the potential for ","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30885-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44602184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30890-2
Guo Yuhong , Di Tingting , Zhao Jingxia , Xu Xiaolong , Li Ping , Huang Lijuan , Liu Qingquan
OBJECTIVE
To observe the effects of Fuxin decoction in rats with heart failure induced by doxorubicin injections.
METHODS
We employed a doxorubicin-induced heart failure model to investigate the effect of Fuxin decoction. Rats were orally administered with Fuxin decoction from 10 to 40 mg/kg. Organization structure changes were assessed by histology, circulating levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
Administration of Fuxin decoction improved the growth retardation in doxorubicin hydrochloride injection rats. Cardiac involvement was alleviated by Fuxin decoction, as well as changes of congestion systemic circulation in this rat models. Furthermore, Fuxin decoction regulates immune responses and suppresses oxidation reaction in doxorubicin hydrochloride-induced rats.
CONCLUSION
Fuxin decoction might be an interesting candidate for congestive heart failure.
{"title":"Fuxin decoction attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats via oxidizing suppression and regulating immune responses","authors":"Guo Yuhong , Di Tingting , Zhao Jingxia , Xu Xiaolong , Li Ping , Huang Lijuan , Liu Qingquan","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30890-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30890-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To observe the effects of Fuxin decoction in rats with heart failure induced by doxorubicin injections.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We employed a doxorubicin-induced heart failure model to investigate the effect of Fuxin decoction. Rats were orally administered with Fuxin decoction from 10 to 40 mg/kg. Organization structure changes were assessed by histology, circulating levels of oxidative stress-related biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Administration of Fuxin decoction improved the growth retardation in doxorubicin hydrochloride injection rats. Cardiac involvement was alleviated by Fuxin decoction, as well as changes of congestion systemic circulation in this rat models. Furthermore, Fuxin decoction regulates immune responses and suppresses oxidation reaction in doxorubicin hydrochloride-induced rats.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>Fuxin decoction might be an interesting candidate for congestive heart failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30890-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30899-9
{"title":"Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30899-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30899-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30899-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91650502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30635-6
Kafeel Ahmad, Amjad Ali, Waqar Ahmed Afridi, Ramla Somayya, Muhammad Jawad Ullah
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the antimicrobial activity, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense.
METHODS
The extracts were analyzed by agar well diffusion assays against five bacterial species: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi. The extracts were also screened against six fungal species — Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Pleurotus florida — using the agar tube diffusion method. Additionally, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts were assessed.
RESULTS
The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of the various tested fungal and bacterial strains. No hemagglutination activity was observed. Both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent phytotoxic activity toward Lemna minor.
CONCLUSION
The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense possess good antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities, but no hemagglutination activity.
{"title":"Antimicrobial, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense","authors":"Kafeel Ahmad, Amjad Ali, Waqar Ahmed Afridi, Ramla Somayya, Muhammad Jawad Ullah","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30635-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30635-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To investigate the antimicrobial activity, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>The extracts were analyzed by agar well diffusion assays against five bacterial species: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi. The extracts were also screened against six fungal species — Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Pleurotus florida — using the agar tube diffusion method. Additionally, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of the various tested fungal and bacterial strains. No hemagglutination activity was observed. Both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent phytotoxic activity toward Lemna minor.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense possess good antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities, but no hemagglutination activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30635-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42676904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30626-5
Cao Yunxiang , Guo Yunke , Zong Ruikai , Huang Chuanbing , Wang Yue , Liu Jian
OBJECTIVE
To investigate effect of drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules on myocardial cell growth.
METHODS
Drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules rat models were established by intragastricly administrated Xinfeng capsules. MTT assay was used to evaluated H9C2 cells viability. H9C2 cells were divided into normal control group, triptolide group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, drug-containing serum group and miRNA-21 inhibitor group. microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) inhibitor was structured and transfected into H9C2 cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were applied to examine toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated p-38 (p-p38) and p-p65 expression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluated mRNA levels of miRNA-21. Enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) was used to measure tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-17 levels.
RESULTS
Drug-containing serum treatment significantly increased cell viability compared to LPS treated group. qRT-PCR results indicated that miRNA-21 levels were significantly decreased in drug-containing serum group compared to LPS group. Early and late apoptosis in drug-containing serum group were significantly decreased compared to LPS group. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay results showed that TLR4, p-p38 and p-p65 levels in drug-containing serum group were significantly decreased compared to LPS group. ELISA findings indicated that drug-containing serum significantly decreased inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17.
CONCLUSION
Drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules protect against lipopolysaccharide instructed H9C2 cells from death by enhancing miRNA-21 and inhibiting TLR4/p-p38/p-p65 signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines expression.
{"title":"Drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules protect against H9C2 from death by enhancing miRNA-21 and inhibiting toll-like receptor 4/phosphorylated p-38 (p-p38)/p-p65 signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines expression","authors":"Cao Yunxiang , Guo Yunke , Zong Ruikai , Huang Chuanbing , Wang Yue , Liu Jian","doi":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30626-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>To investigate effect of drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules on myocardial cell growth.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules rat models were established by intragastricly administrated Xinfeng capsules. MTT assay was used to evaluated H9C2 cells viability. H9C2 cells were divided into normal control group, triptolide group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, drug-containing serum group and miRNA-21 inhibitor group. microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) inhibitor was structured and transfected into H9C2 cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were applied to examine toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phosphorylated p-38 (p-p38) and p-p65 expression. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluated mRNA levels of miRNA-21. Enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) was used to measure tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-17 levels.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><p>Drug-containing serum treatment significantly increased cell viability compared to LPS treated group. qRT-PCR results indicated that miRNA-21 levels were significantly decreased in drug-containing serum group compared to LPS group. Early and late apoptosis in drug-containing serum group were significantly decreased compared to LPS group. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay results showed that TLR4, p-p38 and p-p65 levels in drug-containing serum group were significantly decreased compared to LPS group. ELISA findings indicated that drug-containing serum significantly decreased inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17.</p></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><p>Drug-containing serum of Xinfeng capsules protect against lipopolysaccharide instructed H9C2 cells from death by enhancing miRNA-21 and inhibiting TLR4/p-p38/p-p65 signaling pathway and proinflammatory cytokines expression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17513,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0254-6272(18)30626-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47237526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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