Pub Date : 2016-03-21DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000166
Y. Sowa, Toshiaki Numajiri
The scalping forehead flap, first reported by Converse in 1942 [1], is one of the best techniques for total and subtotal nasal reconstruction because this flap is extremely reliable and provides skin of good quality and colour-match [2]. We introduce the technique and refinements of nasal reconstruction for defects together with the nasal lining and the upper lip by using the divided distal part of the scalping forehead flap. This method provides adequate tissue for large and three-dimensional defects in a one-stage procedure.
{"title":"Reconstruction of Larger Nasal Defects using Tip Divided-Scalping Forehead Flap","authors":"Y. Sowa, Toshiaki Numajiri","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"The scalping forehead flap, first reported by Converse in 1942 [1], is one of the best techniques for total and subtotal nasal reconstruction because this flap is extremely reliable and provides skin of good quality and colour-match [2]. We introduce the technique and refinements of nasal reconstruction for defects together with the nasal lining and the upper lip by using the divided distal part of the scalping forehead flap. This method provides adequate tissue for large and three-dimensional defects in a one-stage procedure.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88447217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-03DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000165
D. Murata, S. Tokunaga, Shizuka Akieda, K. Nakayama, Kentaroh Setoyama, M. Fujiki, K. Misumi
Background: Many surgical strategies for reconstruction of both bone and cartilage have ever been investigated to restore joint structure and function in the late stages of Osteoarthritis (OA). This study was designed to investigate the regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the loading-bearing site using a three-dimensional (3D) construct of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). Methods: A 3D construct consisting of approximately 1,920 spheroids each containing 5.0 × 104 AT-MSCs was implanted into an osteochondral defect (with a diameter of 6.8 mm and a depth of 6 mm) in the right femoral medial condyle in five adult mini-pigs. The contralateral (left femoral) defect was the control. At three and six months post-operatively, the defects were evaluated using both CT and MR imaging. The radiolucent volume (RV, mm3) of the defects was calculated based on the multiplanar reconstruction of the CT images. MR images and gross and histologic pathology features were scored using a modified-MOCART system and the ICRS system, respectively, at six months post-operatively. Results: The percentages of RVs at three and six months compared with those immediately after the surgeries were significantly decreased in the implanted defects compared with the control defects. The total scores of modified- MOCART system were also significantly increased in the implanted sites comparing to the controls. Although there were no statistical differences in the average of gross scores, the average histological scores were significantly higher in the implanted sites than in the control sites. Conclusion: This is the first report suggesting that implantation of a scaffold-free three dimensional construct of only AT-MSCs into the osteochondral defect regenerates the original cartilage and subchondral bone structures over six months post-operatively in the loading-bearing site of large animal.
{"title":"Osteochondral Regeneration of the Loading-bearing Site Using a Scaffold Free Three-dimensional Construct of Adipose Tissue-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pigs","authors":"D. Murata, S. Tokunaga, Shizuka Akieda, K. Nakayama, Kentaroh Setoyama, M. Fujiki, K. Misumi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many surgical strategies for reconstruction of both bone and cartilage have ever been investigated to restore joint structure and function in the late stages of Osteoarthritis (OA). This study was designed to investigate the regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the loading-bearing site using a three-dimensional (3D) construct of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). \u0000Methods: A 3D construct consisting of approximately 1,920 spheroids each containing 5.0 × 104 AT-MSCs was implanted into an osteochondral defect (with a diameter of 6.8 mm and a depth of 6 mm) in the right femoral medial condyle in five adult mini-pigs. The contralateral (left femoral) defect was the control. At three and six months post-operatively, the defects were evaluated using both CT and MR imaging. The radiolucent volume (RV, mm3) of the defects was calculated based on the multiplanar reconstruction of the CT images. MR images and gross and histologic pathology features were scored using a modified-MOCART system and the ICRS system, respectively, at six months post-operatively. \u0000Results: The percentages of RVs at three and six months compared with those immediately after the surgeries were significantly decreased in the implanted defects compared with the control defects. The total scores of modified- MOCART system were also significantly increased in the implanted sites comparing to the controls. Although there were no statistical differences in the average of gross scores, the average histological scores were significantly higher in the implanted sites than in the control sites. \u0000Conclusion: This is the first report suggesting that implantation of a scaffold-free three dimensional construct of only AT-MSCs into the osteochondral defect regenerates the original cartilage and subchondral bone structures over six months post-operatively in the loading-bearing site of large animal.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87945617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000164
Melaku Tesfa, B. Admassu, K. Bantte
Availability of sufficient quantity and quality of sugarcane planting materials from conventional seed source is one of the major challenges in the Ethiopian sugar estates. To circumvent this challenge, tissue culture technology is found to be the best alternative for which in vitro propagation protocol is a key pre-request. Thus, the present study was aimed to optimize protocol for in vitro rooting and acclimatization of two elite sugarcane genotypes i.e., N52 and N53. Experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with factorial treatment arrangements. Half strength MS liquid media supplemented with combination of Sucrose (0, 40, 50, 60 and 70 g/l) and NAA (0,3,5 and 7 mg/l) along with two sugarcane genotypes (N52, N53) were used for rooting while substrate containing sand, soil and farmyard manure in six different ratios (1:1:0, 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 2:1:1, 1:1:2 and 1:2:0) were used for acclimatization. With regard to in vitro rooting, ½ strength liquid MS medium + 50 g/l sucrose + 3 mg/l NAA induced the highest rooting (100%) with 23.5 ± 1.29 average root number per shoot and 4.95 cm ± 0.06 cm root length in genotype N52 while 5 mg/l NAA + 50 g/l sucrose induced the highest (100%) rooting response with an average of 21.76 ± 0.57 root number per shoot with 4.54 cm ± 0.06 cm root length in sugarcane genotype N53. In acclimatization, best survival rate (94% in N52 and 100% in N53) was achieved on substrate mixtures containing sand + soil in 1:1: ratios. Thus, it can be deduced that this protocol can be used successfully for in vitro rooting and acclimatization of these genotypes.
从传统种子来源获得足够数量和质量的甘蔗种植材料是埃塞俄比亚糖业面临的主要挑战之一。为了规避这一挑战，组织培养技术被认为是最好的选择，体外繁殖协议是一个关键的先决条件。因此，本研究旨在优化两个甘蔗优良基因型N52和N53的离体生根和驯化方案。实验采用完全随机设计，并采用因子处理安排。采用半强度MS液体培养基，分别添加蔗糖(0、40、50、60和70 g/l)和NAA(0、3、5和7 mg/l)以及两种甘蔗基因型(N52、N53)进行生根，并以6种不同比例(1:1:0、1:1:1、1:2:1、2:1:1、1:1:2和1:2:0)的沙、土和农家肥为基质进行驯化。关于体外加油,½强度液体介质女士+ 50 g / l蔗糖+ 3 mg / l NAA诱导生根最高(100%),23.5±1.29平均根数拍±0.06厘米和4.95厘米根长度在基因型N52 5 mg / l NAA + 50 g / l蔗糖诱导最高(100%)支持响应平均21.76±0.57根数量每拍摄±0.06厘米和4.54厘米根甘蔗基因型N53长度。驯化时，以1:1比例的砂土混合基质的成活率最高(N52为94%，N53为100%)。由此可以推断，该方案可以成功地用于这些基因型的离体生根和驯化。
{"title":"In Vitro Rooting and Acclimatization of Micropropagated Elite Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.)Genotypes - N52 and N53","authors":"Melaku Tesfa, B. Admassu, K. Bantte","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"Availability of sufficient quantity and quality of sugarcane planting materials from conventional seed source is one of the major challenges in the Ethiopian sugar estates. To circumvent this challenge, tissue culture technology is found to be the best alternative for which in vitro propagation protocol is a key pre-request. Thus, the present study was aimed to optimize protocol for in vitro rooting and acclimatization of two elite sugarcane genotypes i.e., N52 and N53. Experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design with factorial treatment arrangements. Half strength MS liquid media supplemented with combination of Sucrose (0, 40, 50, 60 and 70 g/l) and NAA (0,3,5 and 7 mg/l) along with two sugarcane genotypes (N52, N53) were used for rooting while substrate containing sand, soil and farmyard manure in six different ratios (1:1:0, 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 2:1:1, 1:1:2 and 1:2:0) were used for acclimatization. With regard to in vitro rooting, ½ strength liquid MS medium + 50 g/l sucrose + 3 mg/l NAA induced the highest rooting (100%) with 23.5 ± 1.29 average root number per shoot and 4.95 cm ± 0.06 cm root length in genotype N52 while 5 mg/l NAA + 50 g/l sucrose induced the highest (100%) rooting response with an average of 21.76 ± 0.57 root number per shoot with 4.54 cm ± 0.06 cm root length in sugarcane genotype N53. In acclimatization, best survival rate (94% in N52 and 100% in N53) was achieved on substrate mixtures containing sand + soil in 1:1: ratios. Thus, it can be deduced that this protocol can be used successfully for in vitro rooting and acclimatization of these genotypes.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"131 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73814507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-05DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000163
C. Torres, Rui Machado, M. Lima
Endothelial cells (EC) have important physiological functions, and they may also have a role in pathology. To better understand their role in health and disease, we must know very well their phenotype. Previous studies have identified and characterized EC mainly by immunohistochemistry, but there are also some studies using flow cytometry (FCM) after exposing these cells to enzymatic digestion, either to isolate and/ or to detach them from the vessel wall. However, it is well known that enzymatic treatment can cause deleterious effects on cell surface receptors, then influencing the antibody-antigen reaction. We describe a simple and cheap mechanical method to isolate EC from human vessels, avoiding alterations in the expression of cell surface receptors caused by the use of enzymes, and we tested it using FCM. With this method we were able to obtain fresh EC that were identified by FCM as a well-defined cluster of CD45-CD146+brightCD31+bright cells. This approach can be used in the future to isolate EC for further immunophenotypic characterization and for ex-vivo functional studies, as well as to test the effect of different stimuli, including pharmacological drugs.
{"title":"Mechanical Isolation of Human Endothelial Cells from Large Vessels for Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping","authors":"C. Torres, Rui Machado, M. Lima","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Endothelial cells (EC) have important physiological functions, and they may also have a role in pathology. To better understand their role in health and disease, we must know very well their phenotype. Previous studies have identified and characterized EC mainly by immunohistochemistry, but there are also some studies using flow cytometry (FCM) after exposing these cells to enzymatic digestion, either to isolate and/ or to detach them from the vessel wall. However, it is well known that enzymatic treatment can cause deleterious effects on cell surface receptors, then influencing the antibody-antigen reaction. We describe a simple and cheap mechanical method to isolate EC from human vessels, avoiding alterations in the expression of cell surface receptors caused by the use of enzymes, and we tested it using FCM. With this method we were able to obtain fresh EC that were identified by FCM as a well-defined cluster of CD45-CD146+brightCD31+bright cells. This approach can be used in the future to isolate EC for further immunophenotypic characterization and for ex-vivo functional studies, as well as to test the effect of different stimuli, including pharmacological drugs.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82823590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-18DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000162
K. Yagami, Sunao Sadaoka, Hiroshi Nakamura, S. Komatsu, J. Onodera, Masahiko Suzuki, Y. Kuboki
Abstract In order to establish the convertibility of a host for bone augmentation, we herein developed a new honeycombshaped β-tricalcium phosphate (37H) using atelocollagen as a scaffold, which exhibited unique geometric properties for in vitro and in vivo studies. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were cultured with 37H or atelocollagen-coated honeycomb-shaped β-tricalcium phosphate (Col37H), and their osteoblastic differentiation was then analyzed. Atelocollagen promoted cell adhesion and formation of vessel-like structures in the tunnels of scaffolds of cultured MSC. The mRNA expression levels of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and VEGF were greater in MSC cultured with Col37H than with 37H. Bone generation with Col37H in the rat calvaria was greater than with 37H, and this was attributed to early vessel construction. A large number of blood vessels invaded tunnels from the periosteum and existing bone surface. A strong VEGF signal was detected immediately before the new bone surface in the tunnels of Col37H. These results indicate that the addition of atelocollagen to Col37H has potential in the construction of functional artificial bone.
{"title":"Atelocollagen Enhanced Osteogenesis in a Geometric Structured Beta-TCP Scaffold by VEGF Induction","authors":"K. Yagami, Sunao Sadaoka, Hiroshi Nakamura, S. Komatsu, J. Onodera, Masahiko Suzuki, Y. Kuboki","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000In order to establish the convertibility of a host for bone augmentation, we herein developed a new honeycombshaped β-tricalcium phosphate (37H) using atelocollagen as a scaffold, which exhibited unique geometric properties for in vitro and in vivo studies. \u0000Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were cultured with 37H or atelocollagen-coated honeycomb-shaped β-tricalcium phosphate (Col37H), and their osteoblastic differentiation was then analyzed. Atelocollagen promoted cell adhesion and formation of vessel-like structures in the tunnels of scaffolds of cultured MSC. The mRNA expression levels of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and VEGF were greater in MSC cultured with Col37H than with 37H. Bone generation with Col37H in the rat calvaria was greater than with 37H, and this was attributed to early vessel construction. A large number of blood vessels invaded tunnels from the periosteum and existing bone surface. A strong VEGF signal was detected immediately before the new bone surface in the tunnels of Col37H. \u0000These results indicate that the addition of atelocollagen to Col37H has potential in the construction of functional artificial bone.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89927298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.S1-003
David Carr, N. Y. Yu, J. Fitzpatrick, L. Peacock, K. Mikulec, A. Ruys, J. Cooper-White, D. Little, A. Schindeler
Critical-sized bone defects, whether caused by congenital malformation, tumor resection, trauma, or implant loosening, remain a major challenge for orthopaedic management. In this study we describe a bone tissue engineering approach in mice for the co-delivery of recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and the IKK inhibitor PS-1145. Scaffold implants were manufactured from poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) by Thermally-Induced Phase Separation (TIPS), with rhBMP-2 (10 μg) and the IKK inhibitor PS-1145 (0 μg, 40 μg or 80 μg) incorporated into the polymer. These scaffolds were then surgically implanted into the hind limb muscle of C57BL6/J mice. One group of mice also received systemic 50 mg/kg PS-1145 (days 11-20). Specimens were harvested at week 3 for X-ray and microCT analyses and descriptive histology. Local and systemic delivery PS-1145 both significantly increased the net rhBMP-2 induced bone at 3 weeks. A maximal response was seen with the 40 μg PS-1145 group, although there was no significant difference between the 40 μg and 80 μg PS-1145 regimens. No local cytotoxicity was seen with either dose of PS-1145. In summary, local co-delivery of rhBMP-2 and PS-1145 via a porous PLGA scaffold represents a new tissue engineering approach for maintaining new bone in an unloaded environment.
{"title":"Synergy between rhBMP-2 and IKK-Inhibitor PS-1145 Delivered via a Porous Biodegradable Polymer Implant","authors":"David Carr, N. Y. Yu, J. Fitzpatrick, L. Peacock, K. Mikulec, A. Ruys, J. Cooper-White, D. Little, A. Schindeler","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.S1-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.S1-003","url":null,"abstract":"Critical-sized bone defects, whether caused by congenital malformation, tumor resection, trauma, or implant loosening, remain a major challenge for orthopaedic management. In this study we describe a bone tissue engineering approach in mice for the co-delivery of recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and the IKK inhibitor PS-1145. Scaffold implants were manufactured from poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) by Thermally-Induced Phase Separation (TIPS), with rhBMP-2 (10 μg) and the IKK inhibitor PS-1145 (0 μg, 40 μg or 80 μg) incorporated into the polymer. These scaffolds were then surgically implanted into the hind limb muscle of C57BL6/J mice. One group of mice also received systemic 50 mg/kg PS-1145 (days 11-20). Specimens were harvested at week 3 for X-ray and microCT analyses and descriptive histology. Local and systemic delivery PS-1145 both significantly increased the net rhBMP-2 induced bone at 3 weeks. A maximal response was seen with the 40 μg PS-1145 group, although there was no significant difference between the 40 μg and 80 μg PS-1145 regimens. No local cytotoxicity was seen with either dose of PS-1145. In summary, local co-delivery of rhBMP-2 and PS-1145 via a porous PLGA scaffold represents a new tissue engineering approach for maintaining new bone in an unloaded environment.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"130 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78027343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-28DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000160
Hidemi Nakata, S. Kuroda, N. Tachikawa, Munemitsu Miyasaka, K. Yoneda, H. Kondo, S. Kasugai
Background and aim: Alveolar cleft is notable congenital deformity in the oral and maxillofacial region. And missing incisor is often associated with the cleft site. Owing to recent advances in bone grafting techniques, dental implant treatment has become an appreciable method of restoring the edentulous space at the cleft site in addition to conventional methods using bridges or dentures. In this study, we investigated the risk factors related to esthetic outcomes of implant treatment at alveolar cleft sites. Materials and methods: A total of 13 patients treated with dental implants for missing teeth associated with an alveolar cleft were examined. The patients’ gender, cleft type, and number of dental implants were recorded. The ages of patients at bone grafting for cleft closure, additional bone grafting prior to dental implant surgery, and dental implant placement were also investigated. Seven risk factors were assessed to evaluate the relation to esthetic outcomes. Results: Five to thirteen years after the final prostheses were delivered, neither marginal bone resorption nor loss of dental implants were found. The esthetic outcomes differed among patients according to several risk factors. Discussion and conclusion: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants represented a promising treatment for alveolar cleft sites when bone graft was appropriate. However, the esthetic outcomes of this treatment depend upon multiple risk factors. Type of Clefts r-s l-s Bilateral Total Male 1 3 1 5 Female 0 6 2 8 Total 1 9 3 13 r-s: right side l-s: left side Table 1: Description of the 13 patients evaluated in the present study. Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering J o u r n a l o f T iss ue S cience &ngine e r i n g
{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of Esthetic and Functional Rehabilitation with Dental Implants in Patients with Alveolar Cleft","authors":"Hidemi Nakata, S. Kuroda, N. Tachikawa, Munemitsu Miyasaka, K. Yoneda, H. Kondo, S. Kasugai","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Alveolar cleft is notable congenital deformity in the oral and maxillofacial region. And missing incisor is often associated with the cleft site. Owing to recent advances in bone grafting techniques, dental implant treatment has become an appreciable method of restoring the edentulous space at the cleft site in addition to conventional methods using bridges or dentures. In this study, we investigated the risk factors related to esthetic outcomes of implant treatment at alveolar cleft sites. Materials and methods: A total of 13 patients treated with dental implants for missing teeth associated with an alveolar cleft were examined. The patients’ gender, cleft type, and number of dental implants were recorded. The ages of patients at bone grafting for cleft closure, additional bone grafting prior to dental implant surgery, and dental implant placement were also investigated. Seven risk factors were assessed to evaluate the relation to esthetic outcomes. Results: Five to thirteen years after the final prostheses were delivered, neither marginal bone resorption nor loss of dental implants were found. The esthetic outcomes differed among patients according to several risk factors. Discussion and conclusion: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants represented a promising treatment for alveolar cleft sites when bone graft was appropriate. However, the esthetic outcomes of this treatment depend upon multiple risk factors. Type of Clefts r-s l-s Bilateral Total Male 1 3 1 5 Female 0 6 2 8 Total 1 9 3 13 r-s: right side l-s: left side Table 1: Description of the 13 patients evaluated in the present study. Journal of Tissue Science & Engineering J o u r n a l o f T iss ue S cience &ngine e r i n g","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73494478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-17DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000161
Weiguo Xu, G. Spilker, C. Wein
Bone fracture healing is a complex process including inflammation, repair and remodeling. Bone grafts or substitute are widely accepted to treat impaired healing. Newly developed bone substitutes must undergo in vitro and in vivo testing before clinical application. All kinds of intraosseous and heterotopic implant models in small and/ or large animals are used for different bone substitutes. Orthotopic implant at models is used for evaluation of graft materials. Based on the statistic of literatures, we find small animals should be used first before large animal as osseous defect models. Rabbit and rat are the commonly chosen animals, while femur and calvaria are the most implanted anatomic sites. Critical size defect models are useful as bone defect model, but vary considerably between animals. Typical heterotopic ossification after implantation of bone substitute is found almost in all species of animals. No bone formation is found after subcutaneous implantation of bone granule grafts in small animal, but in large animal. In contrast, bone block grafts show a distinguished result of bone formation in small animals as well as in large animals. This article reviews currently animal bone defect models and anatomic implant site for bone graft, gives a recommendation for the future research.
{"title":"Methodological Consideration of Various Intraosseous and Heterotopic Bone Grafts Implantation in Animal Models","authors":"Weiguo Xu, G. Spilker, C. Wein","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Bone fracture healing is a complex process including inflammation, repair and remodeling. Bone grafts or substitute are widely accepted to treat impaired healing. Newly developed bone substitutes must undergo in vitro and in vivo testing before clinical application. All kinds of intraosseous and heterotopic implant models in small and/ or large animals are used for different bone substitutes. Orthotopic implant at models is used for evaluation of graft materials. Based on the statistic of literatures, we find small animals should be used first before large animal as osseous defect models. Rabbit and rat are the commonly chosen animals, while femur and calvaria are the most implanted anatomic sites. Critical size defect models are useful as bone defect model, but vary considerably between animals. Typical heterotopic ossification after implantation of bone substitute is found almost in all species of animals. No bone formation is found after subcutaneous implantation of bone granule grafts in small animal, but in large animal. In contrast, bone block grafts show a distinguished result of bone formation in small animals as well as in large animals. This article reviews currently animal bone defect models and anatomic implant site for bone graft, gives a recommendation for the future research.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"317 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77426647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-02DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000159
T. Limongi, A. Giugni, H. Tan, Ebtihaj M Bukhari, B. Torre, M. Allione, M. Marini, L. Tirinato, G. Das, M. Moretti, A. Falqui, E. Fabrizio
In order to develop surfaces with improved cell culture biocompatibility, we optimized a solvent-casting and particulate-leaching fabrication technique to create porous three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffolds. These biocompatible porous surfaces were realized by means of NaCl particles as porogen; salt leaching by immersion in distilled water created porosity and pore interconnectivity in the material. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry were used for the measurement of porosity, pore size distribution, permeability and compressibility. To evaluate scaffold biocompatibility, fibroblasts were cultured on the porous surfaces and confocal immunofluorescence characterization indicated that they were effective for in vitro cell culture and practical tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Fabrication, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Characterization and In Vitro Qualitative Analysis of Biocompatibility of Various Porosities Polycaprolactone Scaffolds","authors":"T. Limongi, A. Giugni, H. Tan, Ebtihaj M Bukhari, B. Torre, M. Allione, M. Marini, L. Tirinato, G. Das, M. Moretti, A. Falqui, E. Fabrizio","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop surfaces with improved cell culture biocompatibility, we optimized a solvent-casting and particulate-leaching fabrication technique to create porous three-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffolds. These biocompatible porous surfaces were realized by means of NaCl particles as porogen; salt leaching by immersion in distilled water created porosity and pore interconnectivity in the material. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry were used for the measurement of porosity, pore size distribution, permeability and compressibility. To evaluate scaffold biocompatibility, fibroblasts were cultured on the porous surfaces and confocal immunofluorescence characterization indicated that they were effective for in vitro cell culture and practical tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83642294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-24DOI: 10.4172/2157-7552.1000158
Wanting Niu, Xiang Zeng
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in the permanent functional impairment, leading to monoplegia, paraplegia or tetraplegia with tremendous social and economic burden. The intrinsic repair mechanism has been proven to be insufficient. The complex pathophysiology after injury imposes enormous challenging to functional recovery, given the most advanced medical intervention nowadays. Therefore, the development of effective therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury management is in great need. Here we review a stem cell based tissue engineering approach under preclinical or clinical development for spinal cord injury, with a focus on promoting functional recovery after SCI, aiming to provide some beneficial suggestion on stem cell based tissue engineering design.
{"title":"The Application of Stem Cell Based Tissue Engineering in Spinal Cord Injury Repair.","authors":"Wanting Niu, Xiang Zeng","doi":"10.4172/2157-7552.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) results in the permanent functional impairment, leading to monoplegia, paraplegia or tetraplegia with tremendous social and economic burden. The intrinsic repair mechanism has been proven to be insufficient. The complex pathophysiology after injury imposes enormous challenging to functional recovery, given the most advanced medical intervention nowadays. Therefore, the development of effective therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury management is in great need. Here we review a stem cell based tissue engineering approach under preclinical or clinical development for spinal cord injury, with a focus on promoting functional recovery after SCI, aiming to provide some beneficial suggestion on stem cell based tissue engineering design.","PeriodicalId":17539,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79937701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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