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Ukraine in the Strategic Plans of Polish Politicians at the End of World War I 第一次世界大战末期波兰政治家战略计划中的乌克兰问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2019-1
Yurii Zemskyi, V. Diachok
The article analyses the content of the strategies used by leading Polish politicians for the revival of Polish statehood. Those strategies were adjusted by leading Polish politicians in accordance with major shifts in international relations on the eve and during World War I. Polish politicians defended their national interests, with regard to the sentiment and demands of the war-time and post-war Polish society. Sometimes they lacked the political will to make unpopular decisions, nevertheless balanced from the standpoint of historical justice.The authors of the article analyse the Polish historiography, namely a certain tradition, ac-cording to which the process of the revival of the Polish national state of the early 20th century is presented in somewhat glowing terms, with elements of exaggeration. The nature and causes of pro-Russian aspirations of the National-Democratic Party headed by Roman Dmowski as well as Germanophilia of Social Democrats headed by Józef Piłsudski are explained. The positions of the mentioned political leaders and their differences are highlighted.J. Piłsudski and R. Dmowski shared a common goal which consisted in the revival of an independent Polish state. However, their strategic calculations for how to achieve it focused on the opposite sides of the conflict in World War I. Since Ukraine became a field of clash of competitive forces at that time, the Ukrainian question was an indispensable component of the plans of Polish politicians.The article shows the place and role of Ukraine in the leading concepts of Polish politicians. The importance of flexibility of tactical actions in the field of international relations is justified as a prerequisite for the maximum realization of strategic national interests.This historical experience is enlightening and encourages us to look more closely at the essence of past events, to analyse them and compare the behaviour of our politicians with the actions of competing national forces.Keywords: World War I, Ukraine, Roman Dmowski, Józef Piłsudski, strategies, Entente, Central Powers.
本文分析了波兰主要政治家为复兴波兰国家地位所采取的战略的内容。这些战略是波兰主要政治家根据第一次世界大战前夕和期间国际关系的重大变化而调整的。波兰政治家根据战时和战后波兰社会的情绪和要求来捍卫国家利益。有时他们缺乏做出不受欢迎的决定的政治意愿,但从历史正义的角度来看是平衡的。这篇文章的作者分析了波兰史学,即某种传统,根据这种传统,波兰民族国家在20世纪初的复兴过程以某种夸张的方式呈现出来。分析了以罗曼•德莫夫斯基为代表的民族民主党亲俄倾向和以Józef Piłsudski为代表的社会民主党亲德倾向的性质和原因。强调了上述政治领导人的立场及其分歧。Piłsudski和R. Dmowski有一个共同的目标,那就是复兴一个独立的波兰国家。然而,他们对如何实现这一目标的战略考量主要集中在第一次世界大战冲突的对立双方。由于乌克兰在当时成为竞争力量冲突的领域,乌克兰问题是波兰政治家计划中不可或缺的组成部分。本文展示了乌克兰在波兰政治家的主导观念中的地位和作用。在国际关系领域中战术行动灵活性的重要性是合理的,这是最大限度地实现国家战略利益的先决条件。这一历史经验具有启发性,鼓励我们更仔细地观察过去事件的本质,分析它们,并将我们的政治家的行为与相互竞争的国家力量的行动进行比较。关键词:第一次世界大战,乌克兰,罗曼·德莫夫斯基,Józef Piłsudski,战略,协约,同盟国
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引用次数: 0
Ontological Aspects of the russia-Ukraine War 俄乌战争的本体论方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2022-22
Ihor Lossovskyi
The article gives an insight into the political nature, causes, motivations of the parties, and the essence of the russia-Ukraine war. The author considers the ideological preconditions, reasons and consequences of the russian armed aggression against Ukraine, as well as the evolution of political and security doctrines of the ruling regime in russia.The author’s theoretical discourse, which formulates the political nature, essence, causes and peculiarities of this war, is based on the provisions of the classic military theory. The fundamental ideas are gaining new relevance in the context of hybrid war with the simultaneous presence of elements and factors of military confrontation of several successive generations of warfare.It is argued that this war is the result of the inevitable collision of two opposite incompatible historical paradigms regarding the further development of Ukraine and the entire post-Soviet space. The author clearly states the peculiarities of the russian-Ukrainian war.Keywords: hybrid war, russia’s armed aggression, genocide, state terrorism, ruscism, russian world, military escalation.
文章分析了俄乌战争的政治性质、原因、各方动机以及俄乌战争的本质。作者考虑了俄罗斯武装侵略乌克兰的意识形态前提、原因和后果,以及俄罗斯统治政权的政治和安全理论的演变。作者的理论论述是在经典军事理论的基础上,阐述了这场战争的政治性质、本质、原因和特点。在混合战争的背景下,随着几代连续战争中军事对抗的要素和因素同时存在,基本思想正在获得新的相关性。本文认为,这场战争是关于乌克兰和整个后苏联空间的进一步发展的两种对立的不相容的历史范式不可避免地碰撞的结果。作者清楚地陈述了俄乌战争的特点。关键词:混合战争,俄罗斯武装侵略,种族灭绝,国家恐怖主义,俄罗斯主义,俄罗斯世界,军事升级。
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引用次数: 1
Soviet Ambassador with Ukraine in His Heart 胸怀乌克兰的苏联大使
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2021-47
Serhii Reva
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引用次数: 0
Argentine-Ukrainian Partnership: A Cocktail of Outstanding People and Formidable Opportunities 阿根廷-乌克兰伙伴关系:杰出人士和巨大机遇的鸡尾酒
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2021-19
Elena Leticia Mikusinski
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引用次数: 0
Degradation of Strategic Culture as a Threat to International Security: From Perceived Dilemmas to Real Military Confrontation 战略文化退化对国际安全的威胁:从感知困境到真正的军事对抗
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2019-38
S. Zubchenko
The article highlights and analyses the current issues of international security agenda related to the Russian aggression against Ukraine and the application by the Russian Federation of targeted destabilizing hybrid war techniques the territory of other states. The article describes the fundamental repercussions of Russia’s annexation of Crimea and Russian military invasion of Donbas for international relations. Strategic culture is highlighted as an important factor of success of states and factor of international security as well as a prerequisite for the effective solution of urgent global problems, prevention of crisis and destructive phenomena. The necessity of prompt, consolidated and comprehensive inter-national response to illegal actions by the Russian Federation and its proxy-subjects, rep-resenting a direct and obvious threat to international peace and security is substantiated.The author analyses the Russian aggression against Ukraine in the context of national, European and global security. The researcher notes, referring to the experts’ opinion, that the imposition of sanctions alone is not enough to achieve foreign policy goals. Specific signals from the top political leadership of states and international organizations imposing them are also important because these signals shape certain expectations of decision-makers.Keywords: Russian military aggression against Ukraine, international law, diplomacy, international security, foreign policy, strategic culture, national security, geopolitics, hybrid war.
本文强调并分析了与俄罗斯侵略乌克兰和俄罗斯联邦在其他国家领土上应用有针对性的破坏稳定的混合战争技术有关的当前国际安全议程问题。这篇文章描述了俄罗斯吞并克里米亚和军事入侵顿巴斯对国际关系的根本影响。战略文化是国家成功的重要因素,是国际安全的重要因素,是有效解决紧迫的全球性问题、预防危机和破坏性现象的先决条件。有必要对俄罗斯联邦及其代理人的非法行动作出迅速、统一和全面的国际反应,因为这些行动对国际和平与安全构成直接和明显的威胁。作者从国家、欧洲和全球安全的角度分析了俄罗斯对乌克兰的侵略。研究人员在提到专家的意见时指出,仅靠实施制裁不足以实现外交政策目标。各国最高政治领导人和国际组织发出的具体信号也很重要,因为这些信号会影响决策者的某些期望。关键词:俄罗斯军事侵略乌克兰,国际法,外交,国际安全,外交政策,战略文化,国家安全,地缘政治,混合战争
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引用次数: 0
The Safety and Freedom of the Press Guarantees in Ukraine: International Standards 乌克兰新闻安全与自由保障:国际标准
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2019-52
Serhii Tomilenko, L. Kushch
The article deals with the main activities of the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine.The authors note that the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine is engaged in vigorous cooperation with international organizations, the primary objective being to protect the rights of journalists and ensure the physical safety of journalists in the country. The European Federation of Journalists and the International Federation of Journalists have been the essential partners for many years.The authors state that for the first time, the governing bodies of the European Federation of Journalists included Ukrainians, namely Serhii Tomilenko, who has joined the European Federation of Journalists Executive Committee. The latter is the largest journalistic organization in Europe consisting of 70 journalistic associations and unions from 44 countries.The article emphasizes the international support of the persecuted Ukrainian journalists.The authors mention that the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine called for the presidential candidates and Ukrainian political forces (prior to the presidential and parliamentary elections) to sign a ‘Declaration in Defence of Freedom of Expression’. The International Federation of Journalists supported the call. If elected President and to the Parliament, they will have to comply with 7 basic principles.The authors note that there is also expertise-sharing and cooperation with journalists from other countries.Keywords: National Union of Journalists of Ukraine, international cooperation, defence of freedom of expression and assistance to journalists, International Federation of Journalists, European Federation of Journalists, cooperation with All-China Journalists Association, contacts with journalists from Egypt, Bulgaria and other countries, Declaration in Defence of Freedom of Expression.
这篇文章论述了乌克兰全国记者联盟的主要活动。发件人指出,乌克兰全国记者联盟正在同国际组织进行积极合作,其主要目标是保护记者的权利和确保乌克兰记者的人身安全。欧洲记者联合会和国际记者联合会多年来一直是重要的合作伙伴。提交人指出,欧洲新闻工作者联合会的理事机构首次包括乌克兰人,即加入欧洲新闻工作者联合会执行委员会的Serhii Tomilenko。后者是欧洲最大的新闻组织,由来自44个国家的70个新闻协会和工会组成。这篇文章强调了国际社会对受迫害的乌克兰记者的支持。提交人提到,乌克兰全国记者联盟呼吁总统候选人和乌克兰政治力量(在总统和议会选举之前)签署一份“捍卫言论自由宣言”。国际记者联合会支持这一呼吁。如果当选为总统和国会议员,他们必须遵守7项基本原则。这组作者指出,还存在与其他国家记者的专业知识分享和合作。关键词:乌克兰全国新闻工作者联盟;国际合作;捍卫言论自由与记者援助;国际新闻工作者联合会;欧洲新闻工作者联合会;与中华全国新闻工作者协会的合作;
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引用次数: 0
The UAE’s Response to Climate Change 阿联酋对气候变化的反应
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2021-25
Salem Alkaabi
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引用次数: 4
Ukraine Has Always Been Her Native Land 乌克兰一直是她的祖国
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2022-33
Yuri Bohayevsky
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引用次数: 0
Psychosocial Support: The New Challenge for Humanitarian Activity 社会心理支持:人道主义活动的新挑战
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2019-23
Antonio Gazzanti Pugliese di Cotrone
The article examines humanitarian activities of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta. Special attention is drawn to activities on psychological rehabilitation.It is mentioned that the years of 2018 and 2019 were important milestones in the relations between the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and Ukraine. In 2018, the states celebrated the 10th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations. In addition, in 2019, the governments of the two states concluded the first Agreement on Cooperation in the Facilitation of Humanitarian Activities of the Sovereign Order of Malta in Ukraine.It is stressed that the Sovereign Order of Malta has carried out its activities in Ukraine since 1991, providing assistance to the sick and needy, children and orphans, the most vulnerable social groups. In 2015, in the east of Ukraine, the Order started activities on psychological rehabilitation for almost 15,000 people.It is emphasised that psychological health has always been a matter of heightened concern in many countries. However, quantitative analysis and assessement of programmes for psychological health and psychosocial support are quite complex. One of the reasons is that psychological health remains a taboo. Since July 2015, under the auspices of Malteser Ukraine, a team of 80 specialists started its operation in the centres for psychological rehabilitation. These centres operate in different cities of Ukraine, providing free legal, psychological, and social support for internally displaced persons, while officials, social workers, and volunteers acquire knowledge and skills in psychological rehabilitation at trainings, workshops, and panel discussions.The article considers a state visit to the psychological rehabilitation center in Sloviansk in 2016. Three Ministers for Foreign Affairs visited it and shared their opinions with employees and participants of various rehabilitation programmes.The article concludes that this and many other directions of activities confirm the readiness of the Sovereign Order of Malta to improve humanitarian conditions in Ukraine by cooperating with central or local governmental agencies as well as with Ukrainian and international organisations.Key words: humanitarian activities, the Sovereign Order of Malta, psychological health, psychological rehabilitation centers, cooperation.
本文审查了耶路撒冷圣约翰主权军事医院骑士团、罗得岛骑士团和马耳他骑士团的人道主义活动。特别注意心理康复方面的活动。有人提到,2018年和2019年是马耳他主权军事教团与乌克兰关系的重要里程碑。2018年,两国庆祝了建交10周年。此外,2019年,两国政府在乌克兰签署了第一份《关于促进马耳他主权骑士团人道主义活动的合作协定》。需要强调的是,马耳他主权教团自1991年以来一直在乌克兰开展活动,向病人和穷人、儿童和孤儿、最脆弱的社会群体提供援助。2015年,骑士团在乌克兰东部为近1.5万人开展了心理康复活动。报告强调,心理健康一直是许多国家高度关注的问题。然而,对心理健康和社会心理支持方案的定量分析和评估相当复杂。其中一个原因是心理健康仍然是一个禁忌。自2015年7月以来,在乌克兰马尔泰塞的主持下,一支由80名专家组成的小组开始在心理康复中心开展工作。这些中心在乌克兰的不同城市开展业务,为国内流离失所者提供免费的法律、心理和社会支助,而官员、社会工作者和志愿人员则通过培训、讲习班和小组讨论获得心理康复方面的知识和技能。这篇文章考虑了2016年对斯拉维扬斯克心理康复中心的国事访问。三位外交部长访问了它,并与各种康复方案的雇员和参与者交流了他们的意见。文章的结论是,这一活动和许多其他活动方向证实马耳他主权教团愿意通过与中央或地方政府机构以及与乌克兰和国际组织合作,改善乌克兰的人道主义状况。关键词:人道主义活动;马耳他骑士团;心理健康;
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引用次数: 0
The Diplomatic Pioneer: Provenance, Patrimony, Pertinence Marking the 75th Anniversary of the Institute of International Relations 外交先锋:源远流长、传承传承、与时俱进——纪念国际关系学院75周年
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37837/2707-7683-2019-55
V. Kopiika
Universities have historically merited a special place in world history as the locus of science, upbringing, humanism, and freedom of expression. However, modernity is routinely putting their tenacity and toughness to test by challenges of social existence, where every individual, government and society alike are transforming faced with globalization, communicative technologies, climate change and the new type of the world economy. The Institute of International Relations is therefore seeking to reiterate the irreplaceable value, virtues and vistas of a classical university in the ever-changing world of today.Since its inception, the IIR has come a long way from a small department to the major educational and methodological centre of Ukraine for training experts in international relations and foreign policy. Nevertheless, the life in the precincts of the Institute is not confined to research in the silence of laboratories or libraries. Thus, under interuniversity agreements, the IIR cooperates with more than 60 higher educational establishments from Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iran, Japan, Poland, the Republic of Korea, Spain, and the US. Within the framework of international cooperation attention is also attached to the matters of professional ethics: For four consecutive years, the IIR has taken part in the Strengthening Academic Integrity in Ukraine Project (SAIUP) under the aegis of the American Councils for International Education in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine backed by the US Embassy in Ukraine.In recent years, the Institute has set up an extensive network of international project activities, as amply demonstrated by the establishment of Ukraine’s sole Centre for Arabic Studies and the Youth Information Centre of the Ukrainian Red Cross Society. Capitalizing on the generated momentum, in 2019, the IIR won an overarching victory in the competition for the establishment of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence under the EU’s Erasmus + Programme to become the only such project in Ukraine.The Institute of International Relations is also mindful of employability and future careers of its graduates. Such initiatives as the Career Day, traditionally bringing together the world’s leading employers, the IIR Business School and the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Institute and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine are there to serve this purpose.Our Institute is an opportunity to open up to the world by virtue of new knowledge, academic exchange programs and internship in the best universities. This is the place not only to meet loyal friends and wise teachers, but also to unite the IIR traditions and achievements with the global perspective and break new ground of thinking.Keywords: the Institute of International Relations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, joint degree, master classes of practitioners, case studies, language training, Englis
历史上,大学作为科学、教育、人文主义和言论自由的场所,在世界历史上享有特殊的地位。然而,现代性也在不断地考验着他们的坚韧和韧性,面对着全球化、通信技术、气候变化和新型世界经济,每个人、政府和社会都在进行着变革。因此,在当今不断变化的世界中,国际关系研究所力求重申一所经典大学不可替代的价值、美德和前景。自成立以来,国际关系研究所已从一个小部门发展成为乌克兰培训国际关系和外交政策专家的主要教育和方法中心。然而,研究所的生活并不局限于在实验室或图书馆的寂静中进行研究。因此,根据校间协议,IIR与来自比利时、加拿大、中国、埃及、法国、德国、英国、希腊、伊朗、日本、波兰、韩国、西班牙和美国的60多所高等教育机构合作。在国际合作框架内,职业道德问题也受到关注:IIR连续四年参加了由美国国际教育理事会与乌克兰教育和科学部合作的乌克兰加强学术诚信项目(SAIUP),该项目由美国驻乌克兰大使馆支持。近年来,研究所建立了一个广泛的国际项目活动网络,乌克兰唯一的阿拉伯研究中心和乌克兰红十字会青年信息中心的设立就充分证明了这一点。利用这一势头,2019年,IIR在欧盟伊拉斯谟+计划下建立让·莫内卓越中心的竞争中取得了压倒性的胜利,成为乌克兰唯一的此类项目。国际关系学院也关注毕业生的就业能力和未来职业。职业日,传统上汇集了世界领先的雇主,IIR商学院和研究所与乌克兰外交部之间的合作备忘录等举措都是为了实现这一目标。我们学院是一个向世界开放的机会,通过新知识,学术交流项目和在最好的大学实习。在这里,我们不仅可以结识忠诚的朋友和睿智的老师,还可以将IIR的传统和成就与全球视野结合起来,开拓新的思维领域。关键词:国际关系学院,乌克兰外交部,联合学位,从业者大师班,案例研究,语言培训,英语硕士课程。
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Diplomatic Ukraine
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