Calcium silicate ceramics have been made using natural ingredients such as rice husk and snail shell with solid reaction techniques. The aim of this study to determine the characteristics of calcium silicate that have been sintered at a temperature of 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C. Samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The results of XRD characterization showed that CaSiO3 (calcium silicate) along with the increase in calcination temperature and quantity was increased due to the increase of temperature of calcination. FTIR analysis showed that the Ca-Si-O bond was formed at wave number ranging from 848 cm-1 and 999 – 1001 cm-1.
The synthesis of MgxN1-xFe2O4/SiO2 composite nanoparticles, where x=0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0 through coprecipitation method and low temperatures had been successfully carried out. The result of X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) informed that the sample had crystalline forms and different crystallite sizes as the Mg concentration in the sample is increased. The sizes of crystallite produced were between 12.12 to 24.47 nm. In addition, theoretically and experimentally there were differences grid parameters with the energy bandgap of the nanocomposite sample ranged from 2.51 to 2.66 electron volt (eV). Therefore, the MgxN1-xFe2O4/SiO2composite nanoparticles could be referred to the nano-photocatalyst or nano-adsorbent for organic pollutant due to its potential to degrade Methylene Blue waste.
Nanoparticle CoxNi1-xFe2O4 has been successfully synthesized using co-precipitation method at low temperature 120oC by variation of concentration value (x=0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1.0). Crystal structure and size of crystallite increase with increasing cobalt concentration. There is a difference of lattice between theoretical and experimental. Increase the cobalt concentration in CoxNi1-xFe2O4 nanoparticle affected to the bond length between cation-anion on tetrahedral site and octahedral site. Because of the distortion, the crystallite where imperfectly formed and crystal defect occurred. It is indicated by the microstrain value that describes the magnitude of the strain in crystal.
Analysis of the ash content in biomass conducted through the incineration process in the muffle furnace at a given temperature of 575+25oC. The result depends on the accuracy level on the temperature sensor in the muffle furnace. It was attempted to achieve the optimum temperature and to detect the muffle furnace temperature by installing the thermocouple sensor type K directly the porcelain sample plate. It yielded that by direct incineration process and gradual process the setup point reached in 60-90 minutes and 150-180 minutes before attaining the steady temperature, respectively. The temperature distributed uniformly for all treatments at + 6.61 oC. The temperature measurement accuracy was + 1.18%, and the overall temperature gradient was + 28.69 oC. Moreover, there was no difference in the temperature fluctuation among the treatments at the temperature of + 20.95 oC. The optimum temperature of the chamber was 588 oC for analyzing ash content of biomass.