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Clinical efficacy of buprenorphine after oral dosing in rats undergoing major surgery. 大手术大鼠口服丁丙诺啡的临床疗效。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231178417
Einar Sjaastad Nordén, Ioanni Veras, Prakash Yadav, Kari Løken, Hilde Dishington, Christian Thorstensen, Ivar Sjaastad, Henrik Rasmussen

Serum corticosterone, serum buprenorphine, body weight change, consumption of food and water and behaviour-based pain assessment were measured in catheterised and non-catheterised male Wistar rats undergoing myocardial infarct (MI) surgery under general anaesthesia following buprenorphine dosing by subcutaneous (Bup-SC, 0.05 mg/kg) and oral (Bup-O, 0.4 mg/kg) routes. Buprenorphine was dosed subcutaneously at half an hour before and 8, 16 and 24 hours after surgery (Bup-SC), orally at one hour before surgery (Bup-O1) or at one hour before and 12 hours after surgery (Bup-O2) in catheterised rats and at one hour before and 24 hours after surgery (Bup-O24) in non-catheterised rats. Serum corticosterone, body weight changes and food and water consumption were not significantly different between treatments in catheterised rats. Bup-SC resulted in rapidly decreasing serum concentrations below the clinically effective concentrations (1 ng/mL) already at two hours after the first dose. Bup-O provided significantly higher and slowly decreasing serum concentrations, at or above clinically effective concentrations, for 24 hours (Bup-O1) and 42 hours (Bup-O2) after surgery. In non-catheterised rats, body weight development and food consumption were significantly higher in Bup-O24 rats compared to Bup-SC rats. The results indicate that a SC buprenorphine dose of 0.05 mg/kg every eight hours provides long periods of serum concentrations below clinically effective levels, and that a higher dose and/or more frequent dosage are required to provide stable serum concentrations at or above clinically effective levels. A single oral buprenorphine dose of 0.4 mg/kg provides clinically effective and stable serum concentrations for 24 hours in rats after MI surgery.

通过皮下注射(Bup-SC,0.05 毫克/千克)和口服(Bup-O,0.4 毫克/千克)丁丙诺啡的途径,测量了在全身麻醉下接受心肌梗塞(MI)手术的导管和非导管雄性 Wistar 大鼠的血清皮质酮、血清丁丙诺啡、体重变化、食物和水消耗量以及基于行为的疼痛评估。对导管插入的大鼠,在手术前半小时和手术后 8、16 和 24 小时皮下注射丁丙诺啡(Bup-SC);对未插入导管的大鼠,在手术前一小时口服丁丙诺啡(Bup-O1)或在手术前一小时和手术后 12 小时口服丁丙诺啡(Bup-O2);对未插入导管的大鼠,在手术前一小时和手术后 24 小时口服丁丙诺啡(Bup-O24)。导尿大鼠的血清皮质酮、体重变化以及食物和水消耗量在不同处理之间没有显著差异。Bup-SC 可使血清中的皮质酮浓度迅速下降,在首次给药后两小时已低于临床有效浓度(1 纳克/毫升)。术后 24 小时(Bup-O1)和 42 小时(Bup-O2),Bup-O 可使血清浓度明显升高并缓慢下降,达到或超过临床有效浓度。与 Bup-SC 大鼠相比,未接受导管插入手术的 Bup-O24 大鼠的体重增长和食物消耗量明显更高。结果表明,每 8 小时一次 0.05 毫克/千克的丁丙诺啡皮下注射剂量可使血清浓度长期低于临床有效水平,需要更大的剂量和/或更频繁的剂量才能使血清浓度稳定在或高于临床有效水平。在心肌梗死手术后的大鼠身上,单次口服 0.4 毫克/千克的丁丙诺啡剂量可在 24 小时内提供临床有效和稳定的血清浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating rearing behaviour as a model-specific pain indicator in mouse osteotomy models. 评估小鼠截骨模型中作为模型特异性疼痛指标的饲养行为。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231183197
Angelique Wolter, Paulin Jirkof, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Anna E Rapp, Annemarie Lang

To assess pain in mouse models of bone fractures, currently applied assessment batteries use combinations of clinical signs with spontaneous behaviours and model-specific behaviours, including walking and weight-bearing behaviour. Rearing behaviour - an upright position on the hindlimbs - has a motivational and an ambulatory component. Thus, rearing behaviour might have the potential to be an indicator for model-specific pain in mouse fracture models. To date, the assessment of rearing behaviour in bone fracture models using mice is only scarcely described. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the duration of rearing behaviour is affected by osteotomy of the femur in male and female C57BL/6N mice with external fixation (rigid vs. flexible) and could be an additional sign for model-specific pain, such as the presence of limping. Rearing duration was significantly decreased after osteotomy in male and female mice at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, but was not affected by anaesthesia/analgesia alone. In male mice, the relative rearing duration increased over 72 h (both fixations) and at 10 days in the rigid fixation group but remained significantly lower in the flexible fixation group. In contrast, in female mice, no increase in rearing duration was observed within 72 h and at 10 days post-osteotomy, independent of the fixation. We did not identify any association between relative rearing time and presence or absence of limping. In summary, our results do not provide sufficient evidence that altered rearing behaviour might be an indicative sign for pain in this model.

为了评估骨折小鼠模型中的疼痛,目前使用的评估电池将临床症状与自发行为和模型特定行为(包括行走和负重行为)相结合。仰卧行为--后肢直立的姿势--具有动机和活动的成分。因此,仰卧行为有可能成为小鼠骨折模型中模型特异性疼痛的指标。迄今为止,对使用小鼠的骨折模型中仰卧行为的评估还鲜有描述。在这项研究中,我们的目的是确定在雌雄C57BL/6N小鼠股骨外固定(刚性与柔性)截骨术后,饲养行为的持续时间是否会受到影响,以及饲养行为是否可以作为模型特异性疼痛的额外标志,如是否出现跛行。截骨术后,雄性和雌性小鼠在24小时、48小时和72小时内的饲养持续时间明显缩短,但不受单独麻醉/镇痛的影响。在雄性小鼠中,刚性固定组的相对饲养持续时间在 72 小时内(两种固定方式)和 10 天内都有所增加,但在柔性固定组中仍明显较短。相反,在雌性小鼠中,无论采用哪种固定方式,在骨切除术后 72 小时内和 10 天内均未观察到饲养持续时间的增加。我们没有发现相对饲养时间与是否出现跛行之间有任何关联。总之,我们的研究结果没有提供足够的证据表明,在该模型中,饲养行为的改变可能是疼痛的一个指示性信号。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived professional quality of life and mental well-being among animal facility personnel in Spain. 西班牙动物设施工作人员对职业生活质量和心理健康的看法。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231187177
Olatz Goñi-Balentziaga, Garikoitz Azkona

Animal facility personnel provide the husbandry and care of laboratory animals. We aimed to investigate their work-related quality of life, empathy and mental well-being. Participants living in Spain were contacted by email and asked to complete an anonymous online questionnaire, in which they answered the Professional Quality of Life scale, the Cognitive and affective empathy test, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and their perceived human-animal interaction. Participants were asked whether they were receiving psychological therapy or were taking anxiolytics, hypnotics or antidepressant medication. The study comprised 80 participants. No differences were observed related to personal or professional variables. Participants working with small carnivores reported higher total empathy, and those working with non-human primates reported higher emotional comprehension. Higher human-animal interaction was reported by participants working with small carnivores, farm animals and non-human primates. More than half of the participants reported high levels of mental well-being, positively correlated with emotional comprehension, emphatic joy and compassion satisfaction. Participants working with farm animals reported higher levels of secondary traumatic stress that was positively correlated with human-animal interaction and negatively with mental well-being. Most participants reported low-average levels of burnout, which was negatively correlated with mental well-being. The percentage of animal facility personnel in psychotherapy was higher than in the general population, and the consumption of anxiolytics was a little lower and antidepressants higher. Overall, our results indicate that animal-facility personnel who felt stress or worse mental well-being were in therapy and took medication to improve their condition.

动物设施工作人员负责饲养和护理实验动物。我们的目的是调查他们与工作相关的生活质量、同理心和精神健康状况。我们通过电子邮件联系了居住在西班牙的参与者,并要求他们填写一份匿名在线问卷,其中包括职业生活质量量表、认知和情感移情测试、沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表以及他们对人与动物互动的看法。研究人员还询问了参与者是否正在接受心理治疗或服用抗焦虑药、催眠药或抗抑郁药。这项研究共有 80 名参与者。没有观察到与个人或职业变量有关的差异。与小型食肉动物打交道的参与者报告了更高的移情能力,与非人灵长类动物打交道的参与者报告了更高的情绪理解能力。与小型食肉动物、农场动物和非人灵长类动物打交道的参与者报告了较高的人与动物互动水平。半数以上的参与者表示心理健康水平较高,这与情绪理解能力、情感愉悦和同情满意度呈正相关。与农场动物打交道的参与者报告了较高程度的二次创伤压力,这种压力与人与动物的互动呈正相关,与心理健康呈负相关。大多数参与者的职业倦怠平均水平较低,与心理健康呈负相关。接受心理治疗的动物园工作人员比例高于普通人群,抗焦虑药的用量略低,抗抑郁药的用量较高。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,感到压力或心理健康状况较差的动物医院工作人员会接受治疗并服用药物来改善他们的状况。
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引用次数: 0
Guidelines for the establishment and functioning of Animal Ethics Commitees (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees) in Africa. 非洲动物伦理委员会(机构动物护理和使用委员会)的建立和运作指南。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231178656
Bert J Mohr, Ouajdi Souilem, Sohair R Fahmy, Francis Fakoya, Khadiga Gaafar, Josiah T Kantiyok, Farida Khammar, Sarrah Mbarek, Lawrence Mugisha, Hany Sleem, Alemayehu Toma, Maricél van Rooyen, Henry Zakumumpa, David I Lewis

Animals are used for scientific purposes across Africa to benefit humans, animals or the environment. Nonetheless, ethical and regulatory oversight remains limited in many parts of the continent. To strengthen this governance framework, the Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics brought together experts from 12 African countries to create an Africa-centric practical guide to facilitate the establishment and appropriate functioning of Institutional Animal Ethics Committees across Africa. The Guidelines are based on universal principles for the care and use of sentient animals for scientific purposes, with consideration of the cultural, religious, political and socio-economic diversity in Africa. They focus on 11 key elements, including responsibilities of institutions and of the Institutional Official; composition of the Committee; its responsibilities, functioning and authority; ethical application and review processes; oversight and monitoring of animal care and use and of training and competence; quality assurance; and the roles of other responsible parties. The intent is for African institutions to adopt and adapt the guidelines, aligning with existing national legislation and standards where relevant, thus ensuring incorporation into practice. More broadly, the Guidelines form an essential component of the growing discourse in Africa regarding moral considerations of, and appropriate standards for, the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. The increased establishment of appropriately functioning animal ethics committees and robust ethical review procedures across Africa will enhance research quality and culture, strengthen societal awareness of animals as sentient beings, improve animal well-being, bolster standards of animal care and use, and contribute to sustainable socio-economic development.

非洲各地都在为科学目的使用动物,以造福人类、动物或环境。然而,在非洲大陆的许多地方,伦理和监管监督仍然有限。为了加强这一管理框架,泛非实验动物科学与伦理网络(Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics)召集了来自 12 个非洲国家的专家,制定了一份以非洲为中心的实用指南,以促进非洲各地机构动物伦理委员会的建立和适当运作。该指南基于为科学目的护理和使用有知觉动物的普遍原则,并考虑到非洲文化、宗教、政治和社会经济的多样性。准则》重点关注 11 个关键要素,包括机构和机构官员的责任;委员会的组成;委员会的责任、运作和权力;伦理申请和审查程序;对动物护理和使用以及培训和能力的监督和监测;质量保证;以及其他责任方的作用。其目的是让非洲机构采用和调整该准则,并在相关情况下与现有的国家立法和标准保持一致,从而确保将其纳入实践。从更广泛的意义上讲,《准则》是非洲日益增多的有关为科学目的护理和使用动物的道德考量和适当标准的讨论的重要组成部分。在非洲各地建立更多运作适当的动物伦理委员会和健全的伦理审查程序,将提高研究质量和文化,加强社会对动物作为有生命的存在的认识,改善动物福祉,提高动物护理和使用标准,并促进社会经济的可持续发展。
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引用次数: 0
News from ECLAM. 来自拉美经济委员会的新闻。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231225389
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引用次数: 0
The implementation of tunnel handling in a mouse breeding facility revealed strain-specific behavioural responses. 在小鼠育种设施中实施隧道处理后,发现了特定品系的行为反应。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231215077
Katharina Hohlbaum, Roswitha Merle, Ramona Warnke, Stefan Nagel-Riedasch, Christa Thöne-Reineke, Kristina Ullmann

As a step towards implementing non-aversive handling techniques at a big mouse breeding facility in Germany, tunnel handling was introduced in a breeding unit comprising three inbred mouse strains. To assess whether tunnel handling would be feasible for the animal technicians in their everyday work and beneficial for the mice when being handled during weekly cage change only, the behaviour of tunnel- and tail-handled animals of both sexes was examined before, during and after the handling events over a period of nine weeks. Moreover, the time expenditure was compared between both handling techniques. It was possible to use the tunnel in all three mouse strains. However, the impact of the handling techniques on the behavioural parameters investigated in the present study were strain-specific. All behavioural parameters suggested that NZW mice benefited the most from tunnel handling. The results obtained from Hello Kitty and WNK mice were ambiguous, which may suggest that a brief handling session during the cage clean may have not been sufficient to habituate them to the process of handling. It took the animal technicians approximately 3 seconds longer per mouse when using a tunnel. The strain-specific results should encourage researchers to share their experiences with non-aversive handling techniques in different mouse strains, for example, along with their research articles.

作为德国一家大型小鼠育种机构实施无逆行操作技术的第一步,该机构在由三个近交系小鼠组成的育种单元中引入了隧道操作技术。为了评估隧道式操作对动物技术人员的日常工作是否可行,以及仅在每周换笼时对小鼠进行操作是否有益,我们对隧道式操作和尾部操作的雌雄小鼠在操作前、操作中和操作后的行为进行了为期九周的研究。此外,还比较了两种处理方法所花费的时间。所有三个品系的小鼠都可以使用隧道。然而,本研究调查的处理技术对行为参数的影响是因品系而异的。所有行为参数都表明,NZW小鼠从隧道处理中获益最多。Hello Kitty和WNK小鼠的结果不明确,这可能表明在清理笼子时进行的短暂操作不足以使它们习惯操作过程。使用隧道时,动物技术人员处理每只小鼠的时间大约延长了 3 秒钟。针对不同品系的研究结果应鼓励研究人员在撰写研究文章时分享他们在不同品系小鼠中使用非逆转操作技术的经验。
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引用次数: 0
A minimally invasive bronchoscopic approach for direct delivery to murine airways and application to models of pulmonary infection. 一种微创支气管镜入路直接给药小鼠气道及其在肺部感染模型中的应用。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231175553
Karen Schelde, Julie Rosenjack, Claire Sonneborn, Anjum Jafri, Michael Kavran, Sarah Brumbaugh, Arne Rietsch, Rebecca J Darrah, Craig A Hodges, Christopher A Flask, Thomas J Kelley, Mitchell L Drumm

The laboratory mouse is used extensively for human disease modeling and preclinical therapeutic testing for efficacy, biodistribution, and toxicity. The variety of murine models available, and the ability to create new ones, eclipses all other species, but the size of mice and their organs create challenges for many in vivo studies. For pulmonary research, improved methods to access murine airways and lungs, and track substances administered to them, would be desirable. A nonsurgical endoscopic system with a camera, effectively a bronchoscope, coupled with a cryoimaging fluorescence microscopy technique to view the lungs in 3D, is described here that allows visualization of the procedure, including the anatomical location at which substances are instilled and fluorescence detection of those substances. We have applied it to bacterial infection studies to characterize better and optimize a chronic lung infection murine model in which we instill bacteria-laden agarose beads into the airways and lungs to extend the duration of the infection and inflammation. The use of the endoscope as guidance for placing a catheter into the airways is simple and quick, requiring only momentary sedation, and reduces post-procedural mortality compared with our previous instillation method that includes a trans-tracheal surgery. The endoscopic method improves speed and precision of delivery while reducing the stress on animals and the number of animals generated and used for experiments.

实验室小鼠被广泛用于人类疾病建模和临床前治疗试验的功效、生物分布和毒性。小鼠模型的多样性和创造新模型的能力使所有其他物种黯然失色,但小鼠的大小和它们的器官给许多体内研究带来了挑战。对于肺部研究来说,改进进入小鼠气道和肺部的方法,并追踪给它们的物质,将是可取的。本文介绍了一种非手术内窥镜系统,该系统带有一个摄像头,实际上是一个支气管镜,再加上冷冻成像荧光显微镜技术,可以在3D中观察肺部,从而实现手术过程的可视化,包括物质注入的解剖位置和这些物质的荧光检测。我们将其应用于细菌感染研究,以更好地表征和优化慢性肺部感染小鼠模型,在该模型中,我们将细菌负载琼脂糖珠注入气道和肺部,以延长感染和炎症的持续时间。使用内窥镜作为引导将导管置入气道简单快捷,只需要短暂的镇静,与我们之前的包括经气管手术的插管方法相比,降低了术后死亡率。内窥镜方法提高了输送的速度和精度,同时减少了对动物的压力以及产生和用于实验的动物的数量。
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引用次数: 0
Case report: An adverse response to cyclosporin A treatment in BALB/cJ mice. 病例报告:BALB/cJ小鼠对环孢素A治疗的不良反应。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231177857
Vaughn Ticar, Allison Tschirley, Michelle Wilson, Anene du Plessis, Merilyn Hibma

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that has been widely used in mice at a range of doses from 10 to 200 mg/kg. Our group carried out an experiment in 2016 where we delivered 75 mg/kg CsA (NeoralTM) to BALB/cJ mice by oral gavage to enable wart formation in mice, which was moderately well-tolerated. We recently commenced another study using the same dose and route of delivery of CsA in BALB/cJ mice in order to immune suppress mice to make them susceptible for mouse papillomavirus infection. We highlight in this case report that in contrast to our earlier study, we observed almost immediate unexpected toxicity and had to terminate the recent experiment after only five days of treatment. Seven to eight-week-old female BALB/cJ mice were treated with 75 mg/kg of CsA by oral gavage daily for five days before treatment was stopped due to body weight loss and mice becoming moribund. The probability of survival of the mice following CsA treatment was 80% in this study, compared with 98% in our 2016 study. Mice showed signs of probable acute kidney injury, which was reversible following withdrawal of CsA. Although it is unclear why the clinical response to CsA in BALB/cJ mice differed markedly between the two experiments, this case report highlights the risk of CsA to mouse welfare. CD3 depletion has been used rather than CsA treatment in other studies and should be considered as an alternative to CsA treatment as it is immune-selective, and may be more effective at enabling wart formation in mice.

环孢素A (CsA)是一种免疫抑制药物,已广泛用于小鼠,剂量范围为10至200 mg/kg。我们小组在2016年进行了一项实验,我们通过灌胃给BALB/cJ小鼠75 mg/kg CsA (NeoralTM),使小鼠能够形成疣,并具有中等良好的耐受性。我们最近开始了另一项研究,在BALB/cJ小鼠中使用相同剂量和递送途径的CsA,以免疫抑制小鼠,使其对小鼠乳头瘤病毒感染易感。我们在这个病例报告中强调,与我们早期的研究相反,我们几乎立即观察到意想不到的毒性,并且在治疗五天后不得不终止最近的实验。7 ~ 8周龄BALB/cJ雌性小鼠每天灌胃CsA 75 mg/kg,连续5 d,因体重下降和小鼠死亡而停止治疗。在本研究中,CsA治疗后小鼠的存活率为80%,而我们2016年的研究为98%。小鼠表现出可能的急性肾损伤迹象,这在停用CsA后是可逆的。虽然目前尚不清楚为什么BALB/cJ小鼠对CsA的临床反应在两种实验中有显著差异,但本病例报告强调了CsA对小鼠健康的风险。在其他研究中,CD3消耗已被用于而不是CsA治疗,并且应被视为CsA治疗的替代方法,因为它具有免疫选择性,并且可能更有效地使小鼠形成疣。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of methodological detail and conceptual context when presenting laboratory animal science education tools. 在展示实验动物科学教育工具时,方法细节和概念背景的重要性。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231175551
Andreia Costa, I Anna S Olsson
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引用次数: 0
Influence of general anaesthesia on circulating biomarkers of glucose metabolism in pigs. 全身麻醉对猪葡萄糖代谢循环生物标志物的影响。
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231187179
Berit Ø Christoffersen, Cathrine J Bundgaard, Karina R Hjøllund, Johannes Josef Fels, Kirstine K Boll, Mille K Lyhne, Lisbeth H Olsen

Pigs are widely used in metabolic research with procedures often requiring general anaesthesia. The aim was to investigate the effect of four different anaesthetic protocols: 1) isoflurane inhalation, 2) propofol infusion, 3) a mixture of tiletamine, zolazepam, medetomidine, ketamine and butorphanol (TZMKB)) and 4) ketamine combined with midazolam and xylazine (KMX)) on selected biomarkers during basal and glucose stimulated conditions. Eight domestic pigs were included in a cross-over design. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, cortisol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase, creatinine, urea, fructosamine, albumin, free fatty acids (FFAs) and glycerol were measured at baseline, during 2 h of anaesthesia and during 1 h of recovery. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT, 0.5 g glucose/kg) was performed after 1 h of anaesthesia. Glucose disappearance rate and areas under the insulin, C-peptide and glucagon curves from the IVGTT were calculated. All four anaesthetic protocols affected glucose metabolism parameters significantly compared with un-anaesthetised pigs, which was particularly evident during IVGTT and for TZMKB and KMX anaesthesia. Propofol additionally influenced the plasma concentrations of triglycerides, FFAs and glycerol significantly. The remaining circulating biomarkers were largely unaffected by anaesthesia. These data underline the importance of considering the anaesthetic protocol in porcine studies of circulating metabolic biomarkers.

猪被广泛用于代谢研究,通常需要全身麻醉。目的是研究四种不同麻醉方案:1)异氟醚吸入,2)异丙酚输注,3)替乐他明、唑拉西泮、美托咪定、氯胺酮和布托啡诺(TZMKB)混合,4)氯胺酮联合咪达唑仑和噻嗪(KMX)在基础和葡萄糖刺激条件下对选定生物标志物的影响。8头家猪进行交叉试验。在基线、麻醉2小时和恢复1小时时测定血浆中葡萄糖、胰岛素、c肽、胰高血糖素、皮质醇、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酐、尿素、果糖胺、白蛋白、游离脂肪酸(FFAs)和甘油的浓度。麻醉1 h后进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT, 0.5 g葡萄糖/kg)。计算IVGTT的葡萄糖消失率及胰岛素、c肽和胰高血糖素曲线下面积。与未麻醉猪相比,所有四种麻醉方案都显著影响了糖代谢参数,这在IVGTT和TZMKB和KMX麻醉期间尤为明显。异丙酚还显著影响甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和甘油的血浆浓度。其余的循环生物标志物基本上不受麻醉的影响。这些数据强调了在猪循环代谢生物标志物研究中考虑麻醉方案的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
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