Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/mms.2021.136000
Ding Yuan, Yongyuan Qin, Xiaowei Shen, Zongwei Wu
Low-cost Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes are known to have a smaller size, lower weight,andlesspowerconsumptionthantheirmoretechnologicallyadvancedcounterparts.However,current low-gradeMEMSgyroscopeshavepoorperformanceandcannotcompetewithqualitysensorsinhigh accuracynavigationalandguidanceapplications.Themainfocusofthispaperistoinvestigateperformance improvementsbyfusingmultiplehomogeneousMEMSgyroscopes.Thesegyrosaretransformedinto avirtualgyrousingafeedbackweightedfusionalgorithmwithdynamicsensorbiascorrection.The gyroscopearraycombineseighthomogeneousgyroscopeunitsoneachaxisanddividesthemintotwo layersofdifferentialconfiguration.Thealgorithmusesthegyroscopearrayestimationvaluetoremovethe gyroscopebiasandthencorrectthegyroscopearraymeasurementvalue.Thenthegyroscopevarianceis recalculatedinrealtimeaccordingtotherevisedmeasurementvalueandtheweightedcoefficientsand stateestimationofeachgyroscopearededucedaccordingtotheleastsquareprinciple.Thesimulations andexperimentsshowedthattheproposedalgorithmcouldfurtherreducethedriftandimprovetheoverall accuracybeyondtheperformancelimitationsofindividualgyroscopes.Themaximumcumulativeangle errorwas − 2 . 09 degrees after 2000 seconds in the static test, and the standard deviation (STD) of the output fusion value of the proposed algorithm was 0.006 degrees/s in the dynamic test, which was only 1.7% of the STD value of an individual gyroscope.
{"title":"A feedback weighted fusion algorithm with dynamic sensor bias correction for gyroscope array","authors":"Ding Yuan, Yongyuan Qin, Xiaowei Shen, Zongwei Wu","doi":"10.24425/mms.2021.136000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2021.136000","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes are known to have a smaller size, lower weight,andlesspowerconsumptionthantheirmoretechnologicallyadvancedcounterparts.However,current low-gradeMEMSgyroscopeshavepoorperformanceandcannotcompetewithqualitysensorsinhigh accuracynavigationalandguidanceapplications.Themainfocusofthispaperistoinvestigateperformance improvementsbyfusingmultiplehomogeneousMEMSgyroscopes.Thesegyrosaretransformedinto avirtualgyrousingafeedbackweightedfusionalgorithmwithdynamicsensorbiascorrection.The gyroscopearraycombineseighthomogeneousgyroscopeunitsoneachaxisanddividesthemintotwo layersofdifferentialconfiguration.Thealgorithmusesthegyroscopearrayestimationvaluetoremovethe gyroscopebiasandthencorrectthegyroscopearraymeasurementvalue.Thenthegyroscopevarianceis recalculatedinrealtimeaccordingtotherevisedmeasurementvalueandtheweightedcoefficientsand stateestimationofeachgyroscopearededucedaccordingtotheleastsquareprinciple.Thesimulations andexperimentsshowedthattheproposedalgorithmcouldfurtherreducethedriftandimprovetheoverall accuracybeyondtheperformancelimitationsofindividualgyroscopes.Themaximumcumulativeangle errorwas − 2 . 09 degrees after 2000 seconds in the static test, and the standard deviation (STD) of the output fusion value of the proposed algorithm was 0.006 degrees/s in the dynamic test, which was only 1.7% of the STD value of an individual gyroscope.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48858429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/MMS.2020.131718
T. Chludzinski, A. Kwiatkowski
Breath analysis has attracted human beings for centuries. It was one of the simplest methods to detect various diseases by using human smell sense only. Advances in technology enable to use more reliable and standardized methods, based on different gas sensing systems. Breath analysis requires the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the concentrations below individual ppm (parts per million). Therefore, advanced detection methods have been proposed. Some of these methods use expensive and bulky equipment (e.g. optical sensors, mass spectrometry – MS), and require time-consuming analysis. Less accurate, but much cheaper, are resistive gas sensors. These sensors use porous materials and adsorptiondesorption processes, determining their physical parameters. We consider the problems of applying resistive gas sensors to breath analysis. Recent advances were underlined, showing that these economical gas sensors can be efficiently employed to analyse breath samples. General problems of applying resistive gas sensors are considered and illustrated with examples, predominantly related to commercial sensors and their long-term performance. A setup for collection of breath samples is considered and presented to point out the crucial parts and problematic issues.
{"title":"Exhaled breath analysis by resistive gas sensors","authors":"T. Chludzinski, A. Kwiatkowski","doi":"10.24425/MMS.2020.131718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/MMS.2020.131718","url":null,"abstract":"Breath analysis has attracted human beings for centuries. It was one of the simplest methods to detect various diseases by using human smell sense only. Advances in technology enable to use more reliable and standardized methods, based on different gas sensing systems. Breath analysis requires the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the concentrations below individual ppm (parts per million). Therefore, advanced detection methods have been proposed. Some of these methods use expensive and bulky equipment (e.g. optical sensors, mass spectrometry – MS), and require time-consuming analysis. Less accurate, but much cheaper, are resistive gas sensors. These sensors use porous materials and adsorptiondesorption processes, determining their physical parameters. We consider the problems of applying resistive gas sensors to breath analysis. Recent advances were underlined, showing that these economical gas sensors can be efficiently employed to analyse breath samples. General problems of applying resistive gas sensors are considered and illustrated with examples, predominantly related to commercial sensors and their long-term performance. A setup for collection of breath samples is considered and presented to point out the crucial parts and problematic issues.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44239617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/MMS.2020.132772
P. Podulka
In this paper both envelope approach and morphological filters for characterisation of surface textures were proposed, applied and thoroughly examined. Obtained results were compared with those received after appliance of commonly-used algorithms. The effect of appliance of proposed procedures on surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 standard) was taken into consideration. The following types of surface textures were assessed: two-process plateau-honed cylinder liners, plateau-honed cylinder liners with additionally burnished dimples, turned piston skirts, grinded and/or isotropic topographies. It was assumed that envelope characteristics (envelope filtration) can provide results useful for assessments of deep and/or wide oil-reservoirs especially when they are edge located. Moreover, some near-valley areas of surface texture details can be less distorted when envelope filtering is accomplished. It was also found that closing and/or opening envelope filtration can be valuable for reduction of some surface topography measurement errors.
{"title":"Comparisons of envelope morphological filtering methods and various regular algorithms for surface texture analysis","authors":"P. Podulka","doi":"10.24425/MMS.2020.132772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/MMS.2020.132772","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper both envelope approach and morphological filters for characterisation of surface textures were proposed, applied and thoroughly examined. Obtained results were compared with those received after appliance of commonly-used algorithms. The effect of appliance of proposed procedures on surface topography parameters (from ISO 25178 standard) was taken into consideration. The following types of surface textures were assessed: two-process plateau-honed cylinder liners, plateau-honed cylinder liners with additionally burnished dimples, turned piston skirts, grinded and/or isotropic topographies. It was assumed that envelope characteristics (envelope filtration) can provide results useful for assessments of deep and/or wide oil-reservoirs especially when they are edge located. Moreover, some near-valley areas of surface texture details can be less distorted when envelope filtering is accomplished. It was also found that closing and/or opening envelope filtration can be valuable for reduction of some surface topography measurement errors.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46126494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/MMS.2021.136611
Cyprian Szymczak
The article presents the process of designing and manufacturing a prototype antenna based on the PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) technology for the detection of UHF signals from partial discharges occurring in the power transformer insulation system. The main objective of the simulation studies was to obtain a frequency band covering the range of radio frequencies emitted by partial discharges in oil-paper insulation (surface discharges) and to adjust the dimensions of the antenna for its installation in the inspection window of the power transformer. The proposed structure consists of a radiating element in the shape of a rectangular meandering line and an additional parasitic element in the form of a specially selected resistor connecting the reflector with the radiator. The design of the prototype antenna was tested during laboratory tests in a high-voltage laboratory using a model of a transformer tank in which partial discharges were generated. The results of the measurements showed that the developed antenna has a higher sensitivity of partial discharge detection than other popular antennas used in transformer diagnostics, i.e. the disk antenna and the Hilbert fractal antenna. Due to high sensitivity, compact and simple structure and low production costs, the proposed PIFA antenna may be an interesting alternative to the currently used commercial antennas (mainly disk antennas) in on-line monitoring systems for partial discharges of power transformers.
{"title":"PIFA antenna for partial discharge detection in power transformers","authors":"Cyprian Szymczak","doi":"10.24425/MMS.2021.136611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/MMS.2021.136611","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the process of designing and manufacturing a prototype antenna based on the PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) technology for the detection of UHF signals from partial discharges occurring in the power transformer insulation system. The main objective of the simulation studies was to obtain a frequency band covering the range of radio frequencies emitted by partial discharges in oil-paper insulation (surface discharges) and to adjust the dimensions of the antenna for its installation in the inspection window of the power transformer. The proposed structure consists of a radiating element in the shape of a rectangular meandering line and an additional parasitic element in the form of a specially selected resistor connecting the reflector with the radiator. The design of the prototype antenna was tested during laboratory tests in a high-voltage laboratory using a model of a transformer tank in which partial discharges were generated. The results of the measurements showed that the developed antenna has a higher sensitivity of partial discharge detection than other popular antennas used in transformer diagnostics, i.e. the disk antenna and the Hilbert fractal antenna. Due to high sensitivity, compact and simple structure and low production costs, the proposed PIFA antenna may be an interesting alternative to the currently used commercial antennas (mainly disk antennas) in on-line monitoring systems for partial discharges of power transformers.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/mms.2021.136615
T. Gajdošík, Ľ. Kučera, I. Gajdac, A. Frič, Jaromír Markovič
The paper deals with the design of equipment for verification and calibration of axle and crane weighing instruments. In its introduction, it discusses the basic concepts of axle and crane weighing instruments, their calibration, and verification. The paper briefly describes the original technical design solution used in the calibration and verification of these weighing instruments. Subsequently, the article describes the legislative, technical and functional requirements for metrological equipment being developed. The paper presents two design solutions for handling calibration weights. In both solutions, the construction and individual functional parts of the equipment are described. Both of these solutions were designed and tested in practical measurements in the Laboratory for Testing of Weighing Instruments of the Slovak Legal Metrology n.o. Finally, the paper presents the results of the development of a new measuring system at the University of Žilina.
{"title":"Metrological equipment for verification and calibration of non-automatic weighing instruments – axle and crane weighting instrument","authors":"T. Gajdošík, Ľ. Kučera, I. Gajdac, A. Frič, Jaromír Markovič","doi":"10.24425/mms.2021.136615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2021.136615","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the design of equipment for verification and calibration of axle and crane weighing instruments. In its introduction, it discusses the basic concepts of axle and crane weighing instruments, their calibration, and verification. The paper briefly describes the original technical design solution used in the calibration and verification of these weighing instruments. Subsequently, the article describes the legislative, technical and functional requirements for metrological equipment being developed. The paper presents two design solutions for handling calibration weights. In both solutions, the construction and individual functional parts of the equipment are described. Both of these solutions were designed and tested in practical measurements in the Laboratory for Testing of Weighing Instruments of the Slovak Legal Metrology n.o. Finally, the paper presents the results of the development of a new measuring system at the University of Žilina.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44549374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/mms.2021.135999
Tao Xu, Jiahui Liu
Falls are one of the leading causes of disability and premature death among the elderly. Technical solutions designed to automatically detect a fall event may mitigate fall-related health consequences by immediate medical assistance. This paper presents a wearable device called TTXFD based on MPU6050 which can collect triaxial acceleration signals. We have also designed a two-step fall detection algorithm that fuses threshold-based method (TBM) and machine learning (ML). The TTXFD exploits the TBM stage with low computational complexity to pick out and transmit suspected fall data (triaxial acceleration data). The ML stage of the two-step algorithm is implemented on a server which encodes the data into an image and exploits a fall detection algorithm based on convolutional neural network to identify a fall on the basis of the image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high sensitivity (97.83%), specificity (96.64%) and accuracy (97.02%) on the open dataset. In conclusion, this paper proposes a reliable solution for fall detection, which combines the advantages of threshold-based method and machine learning technology to reduce power consumption and improve classification ability.
{"title":"A two-step fall detection algorithm combining threshold-based method and convolutional neural network","authors":"Tao Xu, Jiahui Liu","doi":"10.24425/mms.2021.135999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2021.135999","url":null,"abstract":"Falls are one of the leading causes of disability and premature death among the elderly. Technical solutions designed to automatically detect a fall event may mitigate fall-related health consequences by immediate medical assistance. This paper presents a wearable device called TTXFD based on MPU6050 which can collect triaxial acceleration signals. We have also designed a two-step fall detection algorithm that fuses threshold-based method (TBM) and machine learning (ML). The TTXFD exploits the TBM stage with low computational complexity to pick out and transmit suspected fall data (triaxial acceleration data). The ML stage of the two-step algorithm is implemented on a server which encodes the data into an image and exploits a fall detection algorithm based on convolutional neural network to identify a fall on the basis of the image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high sensitivity (97.83%), specificity (96.64%) and accuracy (97.02%) on the open dataset. In conclusion, this paper proposes a reliable solution for fall detection, which combines the advantages of threshold-based method and machine learning technology to reduce power consumption and improve classification ability.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43028896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an improved method for the reconstruction of busbar voltage waveforms from signals acquired by a system of electric field (EF) sensors located in an indoor medium voltage substation. In the previous work [8], the authors proposed the use of black-box models in the form of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for this task. In this paper it is shown that a parametric model of the system of EF sensors can reconstruct voltages with much lower errors, provided that it is accurately identified. The model identification is done by minimization of a nonlinear goal function, i.e. mean squared error (MSE) of voltage reconstruction. As a result of examining several optimization techniques, the method based on simulated annealing extended with a simplex search, is proposed. The performance of the model identified with this method is at least 8 times better in terms of MSE and at least 12 times better in terms of frequency domain errors than the best one of concurrent ANNs.
{"title":"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF BUSBAR VOLTAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM SIGNALS OF ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS INSTALLED IN AN INDOOR MV SUBSTATION","authors":"D. Borkowski","doi":"10.24425/118155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/118155","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved method for the reconstruction of busbar voltage waveforms from signals acquired by a system of electric field (EF) sensors located in an indoor medium voltage substation. In the previous work [8], the authors proposed the use of black-box models in the form of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for this task. In this paper it is shown that a parametric model of the system of EF sensors can reconstruct voltages with much lower errors, provided that it is accurately identified. The model identification is done by minimization of a nonlinear goal function, i.e. mean squared error (MSE) of voltage reconstruction. As a result of examining several optimization techniques, the method based on simulated annealing extended with a simplex search, is proposed. The performance of the model identified with this method is at least 8 times better in terms of MSE and at least 12 times better in terms of frequency domain errors than the best one of concurrent ANNs.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46942743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The front glass cover is the crucial part of commercially available silicon solar modules as it provides mechanical protection and environmental isolation. However, from a utility point of view the most important thing is how the glass cover influences the power generation of a photovoltaic (PV) module. Optical matching of the whole structure determines the number of photons absorbed by the solar cells and hence the produced photocurrent. In this study five types of PV glass were optically measured and characterized to find out useful information on transmittance and its character. Then, the results were compared with the electrical parameters of solar mini-modules employing each type of glass. Additionally, the work aimed to providing a low-cost measuring procedure to determine the influence of front glass on photovoltaic performance in small, laboratory scale preserving the Standard Test Conditions. An important aspect was an analysis of different types of glass texture. To confirm properness and adequacy of the analysis, the uncertainty aspect was discussed as well.
{"title":"METROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF GLASS TYPES USED IN PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES IN LABORATORY SCALE","authors":"Z. Starowicz, K. Drabczyk, K. Gawlińska, P. Zięba","doi":"10.24425/118161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/118161","url":null,"abstract":"The front glass cover is the crucial part of commercially available silicon solar modules as it provides mechanical protection and environmental isolation. However, from a utility point of view the most important thing is how the glass cover influences the power generation of a photovoltaic (PV) module. Optical matching of the whole structure determines the number of photons absorbed by the solar cells and hence the produced photocurrent. In this study five types of PV glass were optically measured and characterized to find out useful information on transmittance and its character. Then, the results were compared with the electrical parameters of solar mini-modules employing each type of glass. Additionally, the work aimed to providing a low-cost measuring procedure to determine the influence of front glass on photovoltaic performance in small, laboratory scale preserving the Standard Test Conditions. An important aspect was an analysis of different types of glass texture. To confirm properness and adequacy of the analysis, the uncertainty aspect was discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The single-phase voltage loss is a common fault. Once the voltage-loss failure occurs, the amount of electrical energy will not be measured, but it is to be calculated so as to protect the interest of the power supplier. Two automatic calculation methods, the power substitution and the voltage substitution, are introduced in this paper. Considering the lack of quantitative analysis of the calculation error of the voltage substitution method, the grid traversal method and MATLAB tool are applied to solve the problem. The theoretical analysis indicates that the calculation error is closely related to the voltage unbalance factor and the power factor, and the maximum calculation error is about 6% when the power system operates normally. To verify the theoretical analysis, two three-phase electrical energy metering devices have been developed, and verification tests have been carried out in both the lab and field conditions. The lab testing results are consistent with the theoretical ones, and the field testing results show that the calculation errors are generally below 0.2%, that is correct in most cases.
{"title":"Error analysis of the three-phase electrical energy calculation method in the case of voltage-loss failure","authors":"Han-miao Cheng, Zhongqiu Wang, Qinqin Cai, XiaoPeng Lu, Yunbo Gao, Ruihua Song, Zhengqi Tian, Xiao-xing Mu","doi":"10.24425/mms.2019.129575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2019.129575","url":null,"abstract":"The single-phase voltage loss is a common fault. Once the voltage-loss failure occurs, the amount of electrical energy will not be measured, but it is to be calculated so as to protect the interest of the power supplier. Two automatic calculation methods, the power substitution and the voltage substitution, are introduced in this paper. Considering the lack of quantitative analysis of the calculation error of the voltage substitution method, the grid traversal method and MATLAB tool are applied to solve the problem. The theoretical analysis indicates that the calculation error is closely related to the voltage unbalance factor and the power factor, and the maximum calculation error is about 6% when the power system operates normally. To verify the theoretical analysis, two three-phase electrical energy metering devices have been developed, and verification tests have been carried out in both the lab and field conditions. The lab testing results are consistent with the theoretical ones, and the field testing results show that the calculation errors are generally below 0.2%, that is correct in most cases.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47138737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.24425/MMS.2019.126338
S. Galla, A. Szewczyk, Ł. Lentka
The paper presents a proposal of using additional statistical parameters such as: standard deviation, variance, maximum and minimum increases of the observed value that were determined during measurements of temperature fields created on the surface of the tested electrochemical capacitor. The measurements were carried out using thermographic methods in order to support assessment of the condition of electrochemical capacitor under classic durability tests based on methods of determination of capacity and equivalent series resistance. The possibility of using some statistical parameters in assessment of the electrochemical capacitor quality was illustrated. The applied measurement methodology and the results of research associated with the classic methods of supercapacitors’ assessment are presented. The obtained results indicate that the variability of some statistical parameters of temperature fields can be directly related to changing the values of standard parameters describing electrochemical capacitor, which are capacitance and equivalent series resistance.
{"title":"Electrochemical capacitor temperature fluctuations during charging/discharging processes","authors":"S. Galla, A. Szewczyk, Ł. Lentka","doi":"10.24425/MMS.2019.126338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/MMS.2019.126338","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a proposal of using additional statistical parameters such as: standard deviation, variance, maximum and minimum increases of the observed value that were determined during measurements of temperature fields created on the surface of the tested electrochemical capacitor. The measurements were carried out using thermographic methods in order to support assessment of the condition of electrochemical capacitor under classic durability tests based on methods of determination of capacity and equivalent series resistance. The possibility of using some statistical parameters in assessment of the electrochemical capacitor quality was illustrated. The applied measurement methodology and the results of research associated with the classic methods of supercapacitors’ assessment are presented. The obtained results indicate that the variability of some statistical parameters of temperature fields can be directly related to changing the values of standard parameters describing electrochemical capacitor, which are capacitance and equivalent series resistance.","PeriodicalId":18394,"journal":{"name":"Metrology and Measurement Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49084739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：