The authors report the results of time-domain current response measurements of Al/Dy/sub 2/O/sub 3//Al sandwiches and of the evaluation of their complex capacitance in the frequency domain. The observed dielectric response comes either from the volume of dysprosium oxide thin film or from the interfacial layers at both metal/insulator boundaries. In general, the volume of Dy/sub 2/O/sub 3/ film is responsible for the dielectric response at high frequencies and lower temperatures, whereas Al/Dy/sub 2/O/sub 3/ boundaries have an effect at low frequencies and high temperatures. The C"(f) peaks appear as the consequence of the interaction of volume and interfacial processes. Multihour annealing of samples at 523 K reduces the electrical conductivity, shifts the C" peaks toward low frequencies without changing their activation energy, and slightly modifies the shape of the dispersion curves, lowering the values of their slopes.<>
{"title":"Application of the time domain current response method to the examination of dysprosium oxide capacitors","authors":"T. Wiktorczyk, Z. Bober, K. Nitsch","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69189","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report the results of time-domain current response measurements of Al/Dy/sub 2/O/sub 3//Al sandwiches and of the evaluation of their complex capacitance in the frequency domain. The observed dielectric response comes either from the volume of dysprosium oxide thin film or from the interfacial layers at both metal/insulator boundaries. In general, the volume of Dy/sub 2/O/sub 3/ film is responsible for the dielectric response at high frequencies and lower temperatures, whereas Al/Dy/sub 2/O/sub 3/ boundaries have an effect at low frequencies and high temperatures. The C\"(f) peaks appear as the consequence of the interaction of volume and interfacial processes. Multihour annealing of samples at 523 K reduces the electrical conductivity, shifts the C\" peaks toward low frequencies without changing their activation energy, and slightly modifies the shape of the dispersion curves, lowering the values of their slopes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124955393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Coppard, J. Bowman, R. Rakowski, R.T. Durnham, S. Rowland
The effect of aluminum and HMWPE (high-molecular-weight polyethylene) gel particles on the AC breakdown strength of a cable-grade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is quantified. Despite extreme care, it was found to be impossible to process ultraclean LDPE in small batches and maintain its electrical breakdown performance. Sufficient cleanliness was achieved for the LDPE to exhibit a measurable deterioration of performance upon the addition of aluminum particles in the range 38-53 mu m but not in the range 15-38 mu m. Above this size range a strong dependence of breakdown strength on particle size and defect concentration is reported. In material containing aluminum particles it has been suggested that two types of behavior can be discerned. One of these was attributed to individual particles and led to high-field failures. The second was attributed to their anomalous defects or to intentionally added defects acting cooperatively and caused low field failures. In the present study no clear trend in behavior was observed upon addition of gel particles. In some cases the control material was improved by the addition, a result that is tentatively attributed to changes in polymer morphology.<>
{"title":"The effect of included flaws upon the AC breakdown of polyethylene","authors":"R. Coppard, J. Bowman, R. Rakowski, R.T. Durnham, S. Rowland","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69161","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of aluminum and HMWPE (high-molecular-weight polyethylene) gel particles on the AC breakdown strength of a cable-grade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is quantified. Despite extreme care, it was found to be impossible to process ultraclean LDPE in small batches and maintain its electrical breakdown performance. Sufficient cleanliness was achieved for the LDPE to exhibit a measurable deterioration of performance upon the addition of aluminum particles in the range 38-53 mu m but not in the range 15-38 mu m. Above this size range a strong dependence of breakdown strength on particle size and defect concentration is reported. In material containing aluminum particles it has been suggested that two types of behavior can be discerned. One of these was attributed to individual particles and led to high-field failures. The second was attributed to their anomalous defects or to intentionally added defects acting cooperatively and caused low field failures. In the present study no clear trend in behavior was observed upon addition of gel particles. In some cases the control material was improved by the addition, a result that is tentatively attributed to changes in polymer morphology.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125016906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of the EPOLA (electron positron lattice) is elaborated, and elastic deformations and electric polarization of the EPOLA are considered. Also examined are the calculation of polarization and displacement currents, the motion of free electrons and conduction currents in the EPOLA, the lattices of solids in the EPOLA, and the response of free electrons in solids to electric fields.<>
{"title":"Physical mechanism of displacement currents and peculiarities of conduction processes in solids due to the electron positron lattice structure of space","authors":"M. Simhony","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69176","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the EPOLA (electron positron lattice) is elaborated, and elastic deformations and electric polarization of the EPOLA are considered. Also examined are the calculation of polarization and displacement currents, the motion of free electrons and conduction currents in the EPOLA, the lattices of solids in the EPOLA, and the response of free electrons in solids to electric fields.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123314569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Centurioni, G. Coletti, F. Guastavino, D. Tommasini
A testing procedure for screening candidate epoxy systems for spacers in SF/sub 6/-insulated HV (high-voltage) devices is presented, and some data on the behavior of varnished and unvarnished specimens are reported. The lack of difference in the surface resistance during and after exposures to vapors of three different HF+water solutions has been confirmed. A comparison with the behaviour of the same materials during and after attack by decomposed SF/sub 6/ gases suggests that the damage penetration depth is a parameter better correlated with the resulting material variation than the decrease in surface resistance during the exposure tests. The protective role of varnish in the HF attack was demonstrated by damage penetration depth and surface resistance measurements, complemented by optical microscope observation of morphology changes.<>
{"title":"An evaluation of surface behaviour of insulating materials in presence of decomposed SF/sub 6/","authors":"L. Centurioni, G. Coletti, F. Guastavino, D. Tommasini","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69216","url":null,"abstract":"A testing procedure for screening candidate epoxy systems for spacers in SF/sub 6/-insulated HV (high-voltage) devices is presented, and some data on the behavior of varnished and unvarnished specimens are reported. The lack of difference in the surface resistance during and after exposures to vapors of three different HF+water solutions has been confirmed. A comparison with the behaviour of the same materials during and after attack by decomposed SF/sub 6/ gases suggests that the damage penetration depth is a parameter better correlated with the resulting material variation than the decrease in surface resistance during the exposure tests. The protective role of varnish in the HF attack was demonstrated by damage penetration depth and surface resistance measurements, complemented by optical microscope observation of morphology changes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123336043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Suzuki, T. Niwa, S. Yoshida, T. Takahashi, M. Hatada
New polymer insulating materials for HV DC cables were investigated. The DC breakdown characteristics and space charge characteristics of various types of polymers were evaluated using the sheet sample test. Model cable insulated with the most promising materials selected by the sheet sample test was then evaluated. The evaluation of the DC characteristics evaluation resulted in the selection of modified HDPE (high-density polyethylene) as the best HV DC cable insulation material. The outstanding DC breakdown characteristics of modified HDPE is tentatively attributed to the reduction of space charge due to the introduction of a modified group, in addition to the improvement in the intrinsic breakdown strength due to high crystallinity.<>
{"title":"New insulating materials for HV DC cables","authors":"T. Suzuki, T. Niwa, S. Yoshida, T. Takahashi, M. Hatada","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69237","url":null,"abstract":"New polymer insulating materials for HV DC cables were investigated. The DC breakdown characteristics and space charge characteristics of various types of polymers were evaluated using the sheet sample test. Model cable insulated with the most promising materials selected by the sheet sample test was then evaluated. The evaluation of the DC characteristics evaluation resulted in the selection of modified HDPE (high-density polyethylene) as the best HV DC cable insulation material. The outstanding DC breakdown characteristics of modified HDPE is tentatively attributed to the reduction of space charge due to the introduction of a modified group, in addition to the improvement in the intrinsic breakdown strength due to high crystallinity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116143147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a very efficient scintillator whose electronic absorption lies in the ultraviolet-near-ultraviolet range, it is shown that excited states in the 5-eV range are created during ageing of polyethylene at a voltage level three times lower than the tree inception voltage. This energy is emitted in the form of luminescence or lost by nonradiative relaxation processes. Both of these can lead to chemical damage. Nonradiative molecular deexcitation channels end in bond breaking, and radiative deexcitation can induce photochemical reactions when chromophores are excited by UV electroluminescence.<>
{"title":"On the UV emission during electroluminescence of polyethylene and its implications on the ageing process","authors":"P. Canet, T. Lebey, C. Laurent","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69159","url":null,"abstract":"Using a very efficient scintillator whose electronic absorption lies in the ultraviolet-near-ultraviolet range, it is shown that excited states in the 5-eV range are created during ageing of polyethylene at a voltage level three times lower than the tree inception voltage. This energy is emitted in the form of luminescence or lost by nonradiative relaxation processes. Both of these can lead to chemical damage. Nonradiative molecular deexcitation channels end in bond breaking, and radiative deexcitation can induce photochemical reactions when chromophores are excited by UV electroluminescence.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121993787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tunneling mechanism of dielectric relaxation and conduction is investigated in the framework of a one-dimensional potential barrier model with two minima. It is shown that, under specified conditions, the action of the relaxation quantum mechanism is displayed in electrets with light relaxators at low temperature.<>
{"title":"Tunneling mechanism of dielectric relaxation and conduction","authors":"V. Veksler, E. F. Orlova","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69194","url":null,"abstract":"The tunneling mechanism of dielectric relaxation and conduction is investigated in the framework of a one-dimensional potential barrier model with two minima. It is shown that, under specified conditions, the action of the relaxation quantum mechanism is displayed in electrets with light relaxators at low temperature.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116621974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been shown previously by the author (1957, 1984) that the relaxation of polyethylene (PE) can be well described by the rate theory. It is shown here that the rate theory applies to aging at temperatures below the melting temperature. It is also shown that the aging process has different energy parameters on the two sides of a thermodynamic transition. The importance of performing accelerated aging tests within the appropriate temperature range is stressed.<>
{"title":"The compensation law and polymer aging and relaxations","authors":"J. Crine","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69213","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown previously by the author (1957, 1984) that the relaxation of polyethylene (PE) can be well described by the rate theory. It is shown here that the rate theory applies to aging at temperatures below the melting temperature. It is also shown that the aging process has different energy parameters on the two sides of a thermodynamic transition. The importance of performing accelerated aging tests within the appropriate temperature range is stressed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128682024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different epoxy systems typically used in HV gas-insulated systems were investigated to obtain a more global view of the materials' performance. An accurate scanning microscope analysis was carried out on the aged wall cavity and inside the breakdown channel to obtain information on which to base a model of material performance under high temperature. The time to spontaneous breakdown of samples of identical specimens having a calibrated enclosed void was used as the life criterion. Particular attention was focused on the scatter of the lifetimes. In many cases PD (partial discharge) amplitude distributions were detected during life tests by means of a computerized system, and emphasis was given to their time changes in relation to the testing temperature. This technique made it possible to obtain a more global view of material performance against PD activity for measurements carried out by means of a laboratory test cell. On the basis of the experimental results, a model that provides a deeper insight into resistance to PD, especially when comparative information between different materials is required at temperatures different from the ambient, is proposed.<>
{"title":"On a model for the comparative analysis of the ageing characteristics of epoxy resins subjected to internal discharges at various environmental temperatures","authors":"R. Schifani","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69240","url":null,"abstract":"Different epoxy systems typically used in HV gas-insulated systems were investigated to obtain a more global view of the materials' performance. An accurate scanning microscope analysis was carried out on the aged wall cavity and inside the breakdown channel to obtain information on which to base a model of material performance under high temperature. The time to spontaneous breakdown of samples of identical specimens having a calibrated enclosed void was used as the life criterion. Particular attention was focused on the scatter of the lifetimes. In many cases PD (partial discharge) amplitude distributions were detected during life tests by means of a computerized system, and emphasis was given to their time changes in relation to the testing temperature. This technique made it possible to obtain a more global view of material performance against PD activity for measurements carried out by means of a laboratory test cell. On the basis of the experimental results, a model that provides a deeper insight into resistance to PD, especially when comparative information between different materials is required at temperatures different from the ambient, is proposed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129104146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrical conduction of oil/polymer composite was investigated using surface-treated PP (polypropylene) films. The polymer films used were biaxially oriented PP films (thickness 22 mu m) and rough-surfaced PP films. The insulating oil used was diarylethane oil (viscosity 6.3 cSt at 25 degrees C). The origin of the carrier in the oil/PP system is shown to be local in the PP surface. Impurities in the PP surface region are much more numerous in the case of the rough films. The electrical conduction of the oil/PP system is strongly affected by the oil/polymer interaction.<>
{"title":"Effects of surface treatments on electrical conduction of oil/polymer composite systems","authors":"S. Ochiai, H. Iwasaki, T. Mizutani, M. Ieda","doi":"10.1109/ICSD.1989.69190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSD.1989.69190","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical conduction of oil/polymer composite was investigated using surface-treated PP (polypropylene) films. The polymer films used were biaxially oriented PP films (thickness 22 mu m) and rough-surfaced PP films. The insulating oil used was diarylethane oil (viscosity 6.3 cSt at 25 degrees C). The origin of the carrier in the oil/PP system is shown to be local in the PP surface. Impurities in the PP surface region are much more numerous in the case of the rough films. The electrical conduction of the oil/PP system is strongly affected by the oil/polymer interaction.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":184126,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130625972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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