Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1739839
A. Ammerman
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Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1744070
Marisa Bueno
This article examines the legal and sociological consequences of conversion to Christianity by Muslim and Jewish couples in medieval Castile at the end of the fifteenth century, focusing on the application of legal prescription in legal praxis. The material summarized and analysed sheds light on how Jews and Muslims dealt with conversion to Christianity and the problems it brought to daily life. Broadening the discussion, this article looks at other conversions to Judaism and Islam in order to establish a comparative perspective and show the problems of legal miscegenation at the end of the fifteenth century in Castile. The paper is based on a dozen royal decrees granted by the Royal Council in response to petitions and preserved in the Archivo General of Simancas, as well as various Inquisitorial records. It answers three basic questions: what happens when only one spouse in the couple has converted; who should educate the children; and what happens when the marriage has been contracted but has not been consummated?
{"title":"Are you still my wife? Conversion to Christianity and its legal effects on pre-existing marriages and their offspring in late medieval Castile (1480–1502)","authors":"Marisa Bueno","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1744070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1744070","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the legal and sociological consequences of conversion to Christianity by Muslim and Jewish couples in medieval Castile at the end of the fifteenth century, focusing on the application of legal prescription in legal praxis. The material summarized and analysed sheds light on how Jews and Muslims dealt with conversion to Christianity and the problems it brought to daily life. Broadening the discussion, this article looks at other conversions to Judaism and Islam in order to establish a comparative perspective and show the problems of legal miscegenation at the end of the fifteenth century in Castile. The paper is based on a dozen royal decrees granted by the Royal Council in response to petitions and preserved in the Archivo General of Simancas, as well as various Inquisitorial records. It answers three basic questions: what happens when only one spouse in the couple has converted; who should educate the children; and what happens when the marriage has been contracted but has not been consummated?","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1744070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43194681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1741315
Moshe Yagur
Documents of various genres from the Cairo Geniza from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, as well as contemporary legal queries to rabbinic figures, attest to the phenomenon of mixed-faith families among the Jewish communities of the Islamic Mediterranean. In most of these cases known to us, the husbands were Jewish apostates, probably converts to Islam, while their wives remained loyal to Judaism. This social reality was enabled by the legal feasibility of such marriages in both Jewish and Islamic law, as well as the general tendency in the Jewish communities under Islam to maintain social, professional, and familial contacts with apostates from Judaism. This laxity eased the social effects of conversion, and even left the door open for a possible later return of the apostate into the Jewish fold. The existence of religiously mixed families also meant that children of such families found themselves in a unique liminal position, torn between two religions. These children were encouraged by family and community members to embrace Jewish identity despite the conversion of one of their parents; the same was true even of children of couples who had both converted.
{"title":"Religiously mixed families in the Mediterranean society of the Cairo Geniza","authors":"Moshe Yagur","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1741315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1741315","url":null,"abstract":"Documents of various genres from the Cairo Geniza from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, as well as contemporary legal queries to rabbinic figures, attest to the phenomenon of mixed-faith families among the Jewish communities of the Islamic Mediterranean. In most of these cases known to us, the husbands were Jewish apostates, probably converts to Islam, while their wives remained loyal to Judaism. This social reality was enabled by the legal feasibility of such marriages in both Jewish and Islamic law, as well as the general tendency in the Jewish communities under Islam to maintain social, professional, and familial contacts with apostates from Judaism. This laxity eased the social effects of conversion, and even left the door open for a possible later return of the apostate into the Jewish fold. The existence of religiously mixed families also meant that children of such families found themselves in a unique liminal position, torn between two religions. These children were encouraged by family and community members to embrace Jewish identity despite the conversion of one of their parents; the same was true even of children of couples who had both converted.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1741315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44557998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1739840
P. Freedman
{"title":"Haroset: a taste of Jewish history","authors":"P. Freedman","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1739840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739840","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41788528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1741230
U. Simonsohn
The question of female conversion to Islam in pre-modern times has received insufficient attention in modern scholarship. This is mostly the result of the methodological problem that shrouds it. One can say with high measures of certainty that in contrast to their male counterparts, the treatment of female converts to Islam in early Islamic sources is almost always in relation to a male figure. It is the premise of the present contribution that female choices to embrace the Islamic creed, although restricted by male authority, deserve greater attention. The present discussion explores female agency in moments of conversion to Islam by focusing on the biographies of three female figures from the time of the Prophet. Read in tandem with additional literary sources, it attempts to locate the medieval (i.e. eighth–thirteenth centuries) context of stories that go back to the very early phases of the Umma – the Muslim Community of Believers.
{"title":"Female conversion to Islam: a sample analysis of medieval narratives of the prophetic age","authors":"U. Simonsohn","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1741230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1741230","url":null,"abstract":"The question of female conversion to Islam in pre-modern times has received insufficient attention in modern scholarship. This is mostly the result of the methodological problem that shrouds it. One can say with high measures of certainty that in contrast to their male counterparts, the treatment of female converts to Islam in early Islamic sources is almost always in relation to a male figure. It is the premise of the present contribution that female choices to embrace the Islamic creed, although restricted by male authority, deserve greater attention. The present discussion explores female agency in moments of conversion to Islam by focusing on the biographies of three female figures from the time of the Prophet. Read in tandem with additional literary sources, it attempts to locate the medieval (i.e. eighth–thirteenth centuries) context of stories that go back to the very early phases of the Umma – the Muslim Community of Believers.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1741230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47481534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1739841
Alessia Bellusci
resembles the Greek symposium. The last part of the book is devoted to contemporary recipes showing the variety of possibilities offered by the many geographical origins of Jewish culinary traditions and the influence of recent social changes, especially gender and generational roles around the Seder table and in the preparation of its special foods. Although Weingarten does not draw this comparison explicitly, there is a difference between Orthodox communities that define and limit permissible innovations with regard to recipes or symbolism versus the earnest, free-form understanding of more secular Jews who seek to evoke memories and authenticity, but in a customized fashion. The very creativity and ambiguity with regard to haroset’s recipes and symbolism show the slippage between Biblical injunctions and modern individualism. There is a desire to commemorate in accord with a distant past, as well as adapting to social change – Weingarten discusses “men in the kitchen” and “feminist haroset”. Passover and its food rituals continue to evoke religious cohesion and identity under adversity, but now, as in earlier times, they incorporate outside influences.
{"title":"The cave of treasures: Syriac Anthology from late antiquity in Hebrew translation","authors":"Alessia Bellusci","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1739841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739841","url":null,"abstract":"resembles the Greek symposium. The last part of the book is devoted to contemporary recipes showing the variety of possibilities offered by the many geographical origins of Jewish culinary traditions and the influence of recent social changes, especially gender and generational roles around the Seder table and in the preparation of its special foods. Although Weingarten does not draw this comparison explicitly, there is a difference between Orthodox communities that define and limit permissible innovations with regard to recipes or symbolism versus the earnest, free-form understanding of more secular Jews who seek to evoke memories and authenticity, but in a customized fashion. The very creativity and ambiguity with regard to haroset’s recipes and symbolism show the slippage between Biblical injunctions and modern individualism. There is a desire to commemorate in accord with a distant past, as well as adapting to social change – Weingarten discusses “men in the kitchen” and “feminist haroset”. Passover and its food rituals continue to evoke religious cohesion and identity under adversity, but now, as in earlier times, they incorporate outside influences.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43234307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1743100
Luis F. Bernabé-Pons
Recently, new testimonies and analyses have come to light calling into question historians’ long-held and nearly unanimous assumption that the Morisco community was decidedly endogamous. The aim of the present study is to examine different cases and texts indicating that mixed unions between Moriscos and Old Christians may have been more frequent, more desired (despite evident geographical and social differences), and more widespread than previously assumed. These unions created certain social groups in which traditionally accepted religious boundaries became blurred. On the other hand, the Christian authorities afforded this type of mixed unions an importance that far outweighs the scant attention paid to them in the literature. Such marriages were supported and promoted by the monarchy throughout the sixteenth century, and the expulsion orders from the early seventeenth century always provided for exceptions arising from mixed unions and their descendants. These data indicate a social reality which may have been more significant and influential at the local and regional level than has previously been assumed.
{"title":"Identity, mixed unions and endogamy of the Moriscos: the assimilation of the new converts revisited","authors":"Luis F. Bernabé-Pons","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1743100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1743100","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, new testimonies and analyses have come to light calling into question historians’ long-held and nearly unanimous assumption that the Morisco community was decidedly endogamous. The aim of the present study is to examine different cases and texts indicating that mixed unions between Moriscos and Old Christians may have been more frequent, more desired (despite evident geographical and social differences), and more widespread than previously assumed. These unions created certain social groups in which traditionally accepted religious boundaries became blurred. On the other hand, the Christian authorities afforded this type of mixed unions an importance that far outweighs the scant attention paid to them in the literature. Such marriages were supported and promoted by the monarchy throughout the sixteenth century, and the expulsion orders from the early seventeenth century always provided for exceptions arising from mixed unions and their descendants. These data indicate a social reality which may have been more significant and influential at the local and regional level than has previously been assumed.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1743100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48303236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1741232
Ana María Echevarría Arsuaga
This article brings into question the use of Eulogius of Córdoba’s writings about the martyrs of Córdoba as a historical source for the study of intermarriage between Christians and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, on the grounds of a critical analysis of the edition of Eulogius’s manuscript by the sixteenth-century royal chronicler Ambrosio de Morales. It argues that Morales had a very specific agenda, conditioned by his quest for relics for the monastery of El Escorial and his involvement in the building of a new cathedral inside the mosque of Córdoba, sanctioned by these same relics. He was also deeply moved by the discussion of mixed marriages between Old Christians and Moriscos, and by the social impact of the martyrdom of Christians during the Morisco revolts in the Alpujarras. Nevertheless, other unquestionable medieval sources show that mixed households were indeed perceived as a milieu where religious dissension or apostasy were likely to arise. The evidence provided by Paulus Alvarus of Córdoba, the Acts of Councils and the Council Canons compiled between the ninth and eleventh centuries are revisited in order to show how Andalusi Christian society sought to differentiate itself from other communities through the regulation of family ties, in the same way as the other churches of the Islamicate world.
本文基于16世纪皇家编年史家Ambrosio de Morales对尤洛吉乌斯手稿版本的批判性分析，对尤洛吉乌斯Córdoba关于Córdoba殉道者的著作作为伊比利亚半岛基督徒和穆斯林通婚研究的历史资料的使用提出质疑。它认为莫拉莱斯有一个非常具体的议程，他为埃斯科里亚尔修道院寻找文物，并参与在Córdoba清真寺内建造一座新的大教堂，这些文物得到了这些文物的批准。古基督徒和摩里斯科人通婚的讨论，以及在阿尔普哈拉斯省摩里斯科人起义期间基督徒殉难的社会影响，也深深打动了他。然而，其他无可置疑的中世纪资料表明，混合家庭确实被认为是一个可能出现宗教纠纷或叛教的环境。保卢斯·阿尔瓦鲁斯(Córdoba)提供的证据、9世纪至11世纪之间编纂的《大公会议法案》和《大公会议教规》被重新审视，以展示安达卢西基督教社会如何通过对家庭关系的规范，与伊斯兰教世界的其他教会一样，试图将自己与其他社区区分开来。
{"title":"Retelling interreligious marriage, from Andalusi Christians to Moriscos","authors":"Ana María Echevarría Arsuaga","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1741232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1741232","url":null,"abstract":"This article brings into question the use of Eulogius of Córdoba’s writings about the martyrs of Córdoba as a historical source for the study of intermarriage between Christians and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula, on the grounds of a critical analysis of the edition of Eulogius’s manuscript by the sixteenth-century royal chronicler Ambrosio de Morales. It argues that Morales had a very specific agenda, conditioned by his quest for relics for the monastery of El Escorial and his involvement in the building of a new cathedral inside the mosque of Córdoba, sanctioned by these same relics. He was also deeply moved by the discussion of mixed marriages between Old Christians and Moriscos, and by the social impact of the martyrdom of Christians during the Morisco revolts in the Alpujarras. Nevertheless, other unquestionable medieval sources show that mixed households were indeed perceived as a milieu where religious dissension or apostasy were likely to arise. The evidence provided by Paulus Alvarus of Córdoba, the Acts of Councils and the Council Canons compiled between the ninth and eleventh centuries are revisited in order to show how Andalusi Christian society sought to differentiate itself from other communities through the regulation of family ties, in the same way as the other churches of the Islamicate world.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1741232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1739834
B. Catlos
{"title":"Where three worlds met: Sicily in the early medieval Mediterranean","authors":"B. Catlos","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1739834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739834","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44526729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1739838
David K. Pettegrew
perspectives. Furthermore, The Inland Seas covers a broad chronological span; thus, readers are accompanied along a diachronic route, becoming witnesses of the changes that have occurred in the perception (and subsequent exploitation) of the sea. The chronological arrangement of the contributions allows readers to detect clearly how the sea – due to its status as a freely usable resource – gradually suffered from overexploitation, which ultimately made it necessary to regulate and limit access to it. We are still living with and learning how to deal with the consequences of this process, and this is why eco-history in general, and this book in particular, is currently so relevant.
{"title":"New horizons: Mediterranean research in the 21st century","authors":"David K. Pettegrew","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1739838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739838","url":null,"abstract":"perspectives. Furthermore, The Inland Seas covers a broad chronological span; thus, readers are accompanied along a diachronic route, becoming witnesses of the changes that have occurred in the perception (and subsequent exploitation) of the sea. The chronological arrangement of the contributions allows readers to detect clearly how the sea – due to its status as a freely usable resource – gradually suffered from overexploitation, which ultimately made it necessary to regulate and limit access to it. We are still living with and learning how to deal with the consequences of this process, and this is why eco-history in general, and this book in particular, is currently so relevant.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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