Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1816660
G. Karagedikli, Y. Ben-Naeh
In the present article, based on Ottoman and Hebrew documents, we focus on people who made up fictitious stories of captivity in order to gain a living, as well as on authorities or local Jewish communities that detected and coped with those frauds in the eighteenth-century Ottoman Empire. In detecting acts of fraud, a novel method adopted by Jewish communities during the period under study was printed letters that were not available to all segments of society. Considering the vigilance of Jewish communities to root out the ploys used by their co-religionists to acquire money through deceitful means, we suggest that those communities formulated some regulations in order to validate authenticity and differentiate between the true and the fake. We argue that an efficient web of networks among early modern Jewish communities in the Mediterranean and the use of the printing press played a crucial role in certifying the truthfulness of a document or a person.
{"title":"Captives or crooks? Pirates, impostors, and Jewish communities in the eighteenth-century Ottoman Empire","authors":"G. Karagedikli, Y. Ben-Naeh","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1816660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1816660","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article, based on Ottoman and Hebrew documents, we focus on people who made up fictitious stories of captivity in order to gain a living, as well as on authorities or local Jewish communities that detected and coped with those frauds in the eighteenth-century Ottoman Empire. In detecting acts of fraud, a novel method adopted by Jewish communities during the period under study was printed letters that were not available to all segments of society. Considering the vigilance of Jewish communities to root out the ploys used by their co-religionists to acquire money through deceitful means, we suggest that those communities formulated some regulations in order to validate authenticity and differentiate between the true and the fake. We argue that an efficient web of networks among early modern Jewish communities in the Mediterranean and the use of the printing press played a crucial role in certifying the truthfulness of a document or a person.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1816660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44908107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1820696
F. Ö. Mercan
This article focuses on the relations of the Medici dukes with the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the sixteenth century, exploring the complex backdrop to the diplomatic negotiations that took place over the 1570s and 1590s. Due to periods of stagnation and crisis in the Florentine woollen industry, textile manufacturers and cloth merchants urged the Grand Duchy to resume diplomatic contacts with the Sublime Porte so that they could penetrate the Ottoman market and increase the volume of their exports. A significant challenge faced by Florence was rivalry from other states conducting trade in the Ottoman lands, especially the Venetians. Seeing the attempts of the Florentines to infiltrate the Ottoman market by producing counterfeit Venetian woollens, Venice became a strong opponent of Florentine diplomacy at the Porte. Tracing the experiences of the Florentine textile industry, specifically the woollen cloth industry, this article argues that the Arte della Lana played an important role in shaping the Medici diplomacy with the Sublime Porte in the second half of the sixteenth century. Moreover, the rivalry between Venice and Florence over dominating the Ottoman textile market stimulated transfer of technical knowledge, new production techniques and new types of cloth in order to gain a place in this market.
{"title":"A diplomacy woven with textiles: Medici-Ottoman relations during the late Renaissance","authors":"F. Ö. Mercan","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1820696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1820696","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the relations of the Medici dukes with the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the sixteenth century, exploring the complex backdrop to the diplomatic negotiations that took place over the 1570s and 1590s. Due to periods of stagnation and crisis in the Florentine woollen industry, textile manufacturers and cloth merchants urged the Grand Duchy to resume diplomatic contacts with the Sublime Porte so that they could penetrate the Ottoman market and increase the volume of their exports. A significant challenge faced by Florence was rivalry from other states conducting trade in the Ottoman lands, especially the Venetians. Seeing the attempts of the Florentines to infiltrate the Ottoman market by producing counterfeit Venetian woollens, Venice became a strong opponent of Florentine diplomacy at the Porte. Tracing the experiences of the Florentine textile industry, specifically the woollen cloth industry, this article argues that the Arte della Lana played an important role in shaping the Medici diplomacy with the Sublime Porte in the second half of the sixteenth century. Moreover, the rivalry between Venice and Florence over dominating the Ottoman textile market stimulated transfer of technical knowledge, new production techniques and new types of cloth in order to gain a place in this market.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1820696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60064688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1820164
Jonathan Rubin
This contribution is dedicated to the preliminary presentation of two previously unknown Latin texts, which provide instructions for pilgrims, and are included in the same fifteenth-century manuscript. The first text is devoted to spiritual instructions while the second lists practical ones. After brief introductory notes, the two texts appear in English translation and in their Latin original with a commentary. As this seems to be the first publication of sets of instructions, phrased impersonally and copied independently of travel accounts, it is hoped that this presentation will lead to further research concerning the circulation of such texts and their use.
{"title":"Spiritual and practical instructions for pilgrims: a preliminary presentation of two unknown texts","authors":"Jonathan Rubin","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1820164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1820164","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution is dedicated to the preliminary presentation of two previously unknown Latin texts, which provide instructions for pilgrims, and are included in the same fifteenth-century manuscript. The first text is devoted to spiritual instructions while the second lists practical ones. After brief introductory notes, the two texts appear in English translation and in their Latin original with a commentary. As this seems to be the first publication of sets of instructions, phrased impersonally and copied independently of travel accounts, it is hoped that this presentation will lead to further research concerning the circulation of such texts and their use.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1820164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60064467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1816654
D. Sick
During the Hellenistic period technical and practical knowledge concerning elephants and their behaviour was transferred from an Indian context to a Mediterranean one. Scholars generally agree on that description of events, but the overarching thesis must now be bolstered with specific examples. This essay argues that the administration of elephant forests by governments of northwest India, evinced in the Mauryan inscriptions and the political treatise the Arthaśāstra, was the model for the domestication and conservation of the elephant herds of the Mediterranean. This system allowed for a relatively quick addition of animals to armies, and sufficient space for the large mammals.
{"title":"Elephant forests of the Classical Mediterranean","authors":"D. Sick","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1816654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1816654","url":null,"abstract":"During the Hellenistic period technical and practical knowledge concerning elephants and their behaviour was transferred from an Indian context to a Mediterranean one. Scholars generally agree on that description of events, but the overarching thesis must now be bolstered with specific examples. This essay argues that the administration of elephant forests by governments of northwest India, evinced in the Mauryan inscriptions and the political treatise the Arthaśāstra, was the model for the domestication and conservation of the elephant herds of the Mediterranean. This system allowed for a relatively quick addition of animals to armies, and sufficient space for the large mammals.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1816654","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60064827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1823664
Ahmet T. Karamustafa
{"title":"Warriors, martyrs, and dervishes: moving frontiers, shifting identities in the land of Rome (13th–15th centuries)","authors":"Ahmet T. Karamustafa","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1823664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43322710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1823665
Susan Weingarten
{"title":"The Routledge handbook of diet and nutrition in the Roman world","authors":"Susan Weingarten","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1823665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1816653
M. Angold
The translations into Latin from Greek and Arabic of works by Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Diogenes Laertes, and others are very well known. They were mostly done at the Norman Sicilian court in the early years of William I’s reign (1154–1166) and carried out by or under the supervision of Henry Aristippus, who was a royal official. Not much progress has been made over the question of the Norman Sicilian Translations since Charles Homer Haskins brought them to the attention of scholars over a century ago. The trouble is that they have mainly been treated as part of a translating movement, which swept the Latin West from the end of the eleventh century, which in some small way it was. But a better way of understanding their true significance is to examine them through the prism of Hubert Houben’s notion of Norman Sicily as a “Third Space” between Byzantium, the Latin West and Islam. Then it becomes clear that they not only served to create an image of the Norman king, which set him apart from contemporary rulers, whether from the Latin West, Byzantium or Islam, but also contributed to the marked individuality of the culture of the Norman Sicilian court.
{"title":"The Norman Sicilian court as a centre for the translation of Classical texts","authors":"M. Angold","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1816653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1816653","url":null,"abstract":"The translations into Latin from Greek and Arabic of works by Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Diogenes Laertes, and others are very well known. They were mostly done at the Norman Sicilian court in the early years of William I’s reign (1154–1166) and carried out by or under the supervision of Henry Aristippus, who was a royal official. Not much progress has been made over the question of the Norman Sicilian Translations since Charles Homer Haskins brought them to the attention of scholars over a century ago. The trouble is that they have mainly been treated as part of a translating movement, which swept the Latin West from the end of the eleventh century, which in some small way it was. But a better way of understanding their true significance is to examine them through the prism of Hubert Houben’s notion of Norman Sicily as a “Third Space” between Byzantium, the Latin West and Islam. Then it becomes clear that they not only served to create an image of the Norman king, which set him apart from contemporary rulers, whether from the Latin West, Byzantium or Islam, but also contributed to the marked individuality of the culture of the Norman Sicilian court.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1816653","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48906771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1823698
Sharon Wolfovich
{"title":"Anarchism and political change in Spain: schism, polarisation and reconstruction of the Confederación Nacional Del Trabajo, 1939–1979","authors":"Sharon Wolfovich","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1823698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1823698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45016172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jews and the Mediterranean","authors":"D. Miccoli","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9f5p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9f5p","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48468781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2020.1739835
Sarah C. Murray
A salutary trend in the study of Homeric epic over the last several decades has been an expansion of inquiries into connections between early Greek oral poetry and Bronze Age poetic traditions of t...
{"title":"Black ships and sea raiders: the late Bronze and early Iron Age context of Odysseus’ Second Cretan Lie","authors":"Sarah C. Murray","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2020.1739835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739835","url":null,"abstract":"A salutary trend in the study of Homeric epic over the last several decades has been an expansion of inquiries into connections between early Greek oral poetry and Bronze Age poetic traditions of t...","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09518967.2020.1739835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60064673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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