Minerals Engineering最新文献_第8页

Collectorless flotation of ultrafine and coarse chalcopyrite particles in an ultrasonic piezoelectric tube 超声压电管内超细和粗粒黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109959

Anxiang Yang, Zhibin Li, Hangil Park, Liguang Wang

Chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) is a strategically important mineral for supporting the global energy transition, yet its flotation efficiency remains low for ultrafine and coarse size fractions. The present study investigates the potential of ultrasound to enhance chalcopyrite flotation under these challenging conditions. To separate the effect of ultrasound from collector-related effects, the work focuses on collectorless flotation. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale flow tubing system integrated with an ultrasonic piezoelectric tube (operating at 1.08 MHz) and external aeration. Paired flotation tests comparing conditions with and without ultrasound were performed using frother alone, in batch mode, and with tailings recycling. The role of feed particle oxidation in coarse particle flotation was also examined. Results show that the ultrasound can enhance collectorless flotation of chalcopyrite. For ultrafine particles (< 38 µm), the ultrasound increased the final recovery by 10.1 percentage points (from 76.9 % to 87.0 %) and the flotation rate constant by 45 %. For coarse particles (250 – 425 µm) without additional oxidation, the final recoveries exceeded 87 % and were unaffected by the ultrasound. In contrast, for the coarse particles that underwent further oxidation in hot air, the ultrasound improved the final recovery by up to 3.6 percentage points (from 65.8 % to 69.4 %) and the flotation rate constant by 23 %. These findings confirm the potential of ultrasound to optimize copper flotation and enhance resource recovery across challenging particle size fractions.

黄铜矿（CuFeS2）是支持全球能源转型的重要战略矿物，但其超细粒级和粗粒级浮选效率较低。本研究探讨了超声在这些具有挑战性的条件下提高黄铜矿浮选的潜力。为了将超声效应与捕收剂相关效应分离开来，开展了无捕收剂浮选研究。实验在实验室规模的流动管系统中进行，该系统集成了超声波压电管（工作频率为1.08 MHz）和外部曝气。分别采用起泡剂单独浮选、分批浮选和尾矿回收浮选三种方式进行了超声和无超声条件下的配对浮选试验。考察了饲料颗粒氧化在粗颗粒浮选中的作用。结果表明，超声对黄铜矿的无捕收剂浮选有促进作用。对于超细颗粒（< 38µm），超声使最终回收率提高10.1个百分点（由76.9%提高到87.0%），浮选率常数提高45%。对于未经额外氧化的粗颗粒（250 - 425µm），最终回收率超过87%，并且不受超声波的影响。相比之下，对于在热空气中进一步氧化的粗颗粒，超声波将最终回收率提高了3.6个百分点（从65.8%提高到69.4%），浮选率常数提高了23%。这些发现证实了超声波在优化铜浮选和提高具有挑战性粒度分数的资源回收率方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of thermally degraded polyacrylamide on the flotation performance of chalcopyrite and molybdenite: Characterization and adsorption mechanism 热降解聚丙烯酰胺对黄铜矿和辉钼矿浮选性能的影响：表征及吸附机理

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109993

Wengang Liu , Lingyun Bao , Naixu Zhang , Wenbao Liu , Xudong Chen

The effect of thermally degraded polyacrylamide (TCPAM) in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite was investigated, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional chalcopyrite depressants, such as high dosage, environmental toxicity, and poor selectivity. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated thermal degradation at 90 °C reduces the molecular weight due to hydrolysis, as evidenced by the diminished peak intensity at 1606 cm₋¹ in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra. The flotation investigation further examined the impact of TCPAM on the flotation performance of chalcopyrite and molybdenite, resulting in a 70 % difference in the recovery of the two minerals using Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) at 70 °C, outperforming traditional depressants. Meanwhile, through surface hydrophobicity analysis, adsorption capacity, FT-IR tests, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the adsorption mechanism of TCPAM was explored in depth. The findings revealed TCPAM forms chemical adsorption on the chalcopyrite surface through copper-amino complexation (the binding energy of N 1s shifts by + 0.22 eV) and the detection of [Cu-NH₂]⁺ fragments was subsequently confirmed by Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis. In contrast, TCPAM predominantly adsorbs on molybdenite surfaces through hydrogen bonding but is readily desorbed by kerosene, as indicated by a 48.4° increase in contact angle. This research reveals the selective adsorption mechanism of TCPAM on chalcopyrite in the flotation, which provides theoretical support for the enhancement of separation efficiency.

针对传统黄铜矿抑制剂用量大、环境毒性大、选择性差等缺点，研究了热降解聚丙烯酰胺（TCPAM）在黄铜矿和辉钼矿浮选分离中的作用。热重分析表明，在90°C下，由于水解，热降解降低了分子量，傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱中1606 cm−1处的峰值强度减弱。浮选研究进一步考察了TCPAM对黄铜矿和辉钼矿浮选性能的影响，结果表明，在70℃条件下，阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）对黄铜矿和辉钼矿的回收率提高了70%，优于传统抑制剂。同时，通过表面疏水性分析、吸附容量、FT-IR测试、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析，深入探讨了TCPAM的吸附机理。结果表明，TCPAM通过铜-氨基络合作用在黄铜矿表面形成化学吸附（n1s结合能偏移+ 0.22 eV），随后通过飞行时间二次离子质谱（ToF-SIMS）分析证实了[Cu-NH2]+片段的检测。相比之下，TCPAM主要通过氢键吸附在辉钼矿表面，但很容易被煤油解吸，接触角增加48.4°。本研究揭示了TCPAM在浮选过程中对黄铜矿的选择性吸附机理，为提高黄铜矿的分离效率提供了理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation of industrial jaw crushers in primary size reduction of iron ore using DEM 基于DEM的工业颚式破碎机铁矿初级破碎过程仿真研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110034

Victor A. Rodriguez , Luciana P. Alves , Gabriel K.P. Barrios , Luís Marcelo Tavares

Although developed in the 19th century, jaw crushers retain important applications in the quarry and minerals industry, mainly at the primary size reduction stage of tough rocks and ores, and in small- to medium-sized operations. In the past, selecting the optimal crusher make and model for a particular application relied exclusively on prior experience and/or assessing manufacturers’ catalogs/software. Fortunately, simulations using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) now allow us to account for detailed characteristics of the actual rock/ore to be processed, including its mechanical and breakage behavior, particle shapes and sizes, to predict the machine performance. The work initially validates the Tavares Breakage Model with polyhedral particles in Rocky DEM in simulating a C140 jaw crusher preceded by a vibrating grizzly, demonstrating the agreement between survey results and predictions. The work then compares in detail crushers from different manufacturers, first analyzing the maximum allowed feed size and then the effect of closed-side setting on crusher performance. It shows that the maximum tolerated feed size from DEM simulations was in good agreement with that recommended by manufacturers. Comparisons of the crushers when operating at different closed-side settings then demonstrate that Metso crushers, with their larger stroke, are able to reach comparable capacities to crushers by Sandvik, but at higher reduction ratios. On the other hand, crushers manufactured by the latter were found to be attractive options when the crushers are operated in large closed-side settings.

颚式破碎机虽然是在19世纪发展起来的，但在采石场和矿物工业中仍然有重要的应用，主要是在坚硬岩石和矿石的初级粒度减小阶段，以及在中小型作业中。在过去，为特定应用选择最佳的破碎机品牌和型号完全依赖于先前的经验和/或评估制造商的目录/软件。幸运的是，使用离散元法（DEM）的模拟现在允许我们考虑实际岩石/矿石的详细特征，包括其机械和破坏行为，颗粒形状和大小，以预测机器性能。通过模拟C140颚式破碎机前的振动灰熊，初步验证了岩石DEM中带有多面体颗粒的Tavares破碎模型，证明了调查结果与预测之间的一致性。然后对不同厂家的破碎机进行了详细的比较，首先分析了允许的最大进料粒度，然后分析了封闭侧设置对破碎机性能的影响。结果表明，DEM模拟的最大容许进给尺寸与制造商推荐的尺寸符合得很好。在不同封闭侧设置下运行的破碎机的比较表明，美卓破碎机具有更大的冲程，能够达到与山特维克破碎机相当的能力，但具有更高的减速比。另一方面，后者制造的破碎机被发现是有吸引力的选择，当破碎机在大型封闭侧设置操作。

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引用次数: 0

Application of a newly synthesized dithiophosphate collector and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in galena flotation 新合成的二硫代磷酸盐捕收剂及二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠在方铅矿浮选中的应用

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110012

Song Zou , Liyong Xu , Xinyang Yu , Hong Zhong

Effective collectors are crucial for efficient galena (PbS) flotation beneficiation. This study introduces a novel synergistic mixed collector system, comprising sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (DTC) and O,O’-bis(2-butoxyethyl) ammonium dithiophosphate (BEAT), for enhancing galena recovery and selectivity against sphalerite. Microflotation tests demonstrated that a premixed DTC/BEAT system (1:1 M ratio, at the total dosage of 2 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L) at pH ∼ 7.0 achieved a remarkable galena recovery of 94.23 %, significantly outperforming single collectors. This synergistic effect was further validated through bench-scale flotation of lead–zinc sulfide ores. Wettability results indicated that the mixed DTC/BEAT scheme induced superior hydrophobicity on galena surfaces compared to either single collector. Zeta potential, FTIR and XPS spectra verified the co-adsorption of both DTC and BEAT collectors onto the galena surface. The findings provide an effective strategy for improving galena flotation efficiency in mineral processing.

高效捕收剂是方铅矿浮选选矿的关键。介绍了一种由二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DTC）和O，O ' -双（2-丁氧乙基）二硫代磷酸铵（BEAT）组成的新型协同混合捕收剂体系，用于提高方铅矿的回收率和对闪锌矿的选择性。微浮选试验表明，在pH ~ 7.0条件下，DTC/BEAT预混体系（M比为1:1，总投加量为2 × 10−5 mol/L），方铅矿回收率为94.23%，明显优于单一捕收剂。通过对铅锌矿的实验浮选，进一步验证了这种协同效应。润湿性结果表明，与单一捕收剂相比，DTC/BEAT混合捕收剂在方铅矿表面产生了更好的疏水性。Zeta电位、FTIR和XPS光谱验证了DTC和BEAT收集器在方铅矿表面的共吸附。研究结果为选矿过程中提高方铅矿浮选效率提供了有效策略。

引用次数: 0

Magnetization roasting of hematite in CO atmosphere: Phase transformation map, kinetic insights, and microstructural analysis 赤铁矿在CO气氛中磁化焙烧：相变图、动力学观察和显微结构分析

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109983

Yuchao Qiu , Yongsheng Sun , Yuexin Han , Peng Gao

This study investigates the phase transformation of hematite during magnetization roasting under a CO atmosphere at 550 °C and 600 °C, focusing on the reduction mechanism, reaction kinetics, and microstructural changes. Hematite samples were exposed to varying CO concentrations (10–60 %) and residence times, with phase composition analyzed via XRD (Rietveld refinement) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The transformation process was characterized by three key stages: hematite-magnetite coexistence, complete magnetite formation, and over-reduction to magnetite-wüstite mixtures. Kinetic analysis, using an isothermal approach, suggested that the reduction follows the R3 model, indicative of a three-dimensional nucleation and growth process, with an activation energy of 27.29 kJ/mol. SEM-EDS analysis revealed a core–shell structure, indicating surface-to-center reduction, while TEM and SAED patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the magnetite phase. Phase transformation maps were created to illustrate the effects of temperature and CO concentration on the reduction process. The results provide new insights into the phase dynamics and magnetic properties of hematite under CO reduction, offering practical implications for optimizing magnetization roasting in industrial applications of low-grade iron ores.

研究了赤铁矿在550 °C和600 °C CO气氛下磁化焙烧过程中的相变，重点研究了还原机理、反应动力学和微观结构变化。赤铁矿样品暴露于不同CO浓度（10-60 %）和停留时间下，通过XRD （Rietveld细化）和Mössbauer光谱分析相组成。转变过程经历了赤铁矿—磁铁矿共存、磁铁矿完全形成和过度还原为磁铁矿—钨铁石混合物三个关键阶段。等温动力学分析表明，还原过程符合R3模型，为三维成核生长过程，活化能为27.29 kJ/mol。SEM-EDS分析显示了一个核壳结构，表明表面到中心的还原，而TEM和SAED模式证实了磁铁矿相的结晶性质。建立了相变图来说明温度和CO浓度对还原过程的影响。研究结果为研究CO还原条件下赤铁矿的物相动力学和磁性能提供了新的思路，为优化低品位铁矿石的磁化焙烧工艺提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning–based enhancement of eddy current separation for cylindrical non-ferrous metal particles 基于机器学习的涡流分离对圆柱形有色金属颗粒的增强

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110041

Abderrahmane Bettache, Salah-Eddine Bendimerad, Wafa Krika, Abdelghani Ayad

This article investigates the separation behavior of cylindrical aluminum and copper particles derived from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) using a horizontal rotating Eddy Current Separator (ECS) designed for non-ferrous metal recovery. This study investigates the trajectories of cylindrical particles of various sizes and evaluates the effect of their vertical positioning on the leap distance during kinematic motion. An experimental test bench was developed to study the separation dynamics under controlled conditions. To evaluate and validate the experimental results, the root mean square error was calculated by comparing the observed experimental trajectory data with the corresponding analytical predictions. By integrating experimental observations, analytical modeling, and data-driven approaches, the study provides valuable insights into the selective separation of cylindrical non-ferrous metal particles. Subsequently, machine learning models were developed using Random Forest algorithm and trained to predict particle trajectories. The findings highlight the strong potential of ML-based methods in ECS systems, as they provide high precision in trajectory prediction. These results provide valuable guidance for ECS users in the design and configuration of their separation systems. By enabling the adjustment of key parameters, such as drum rotational speed, particle size, magnetic pole number, and magnet thickness, the proposed approach enhances operational efficiency and improves the recovery of non-ferrous metal particles from WEEE.

本文研究了利用专为回收有色金属而设计的水平旋转涡流分离器（ECS）从废旧电子电气设备（WEEE）中分离圆柱形铝和铜颗粒的行为。本文研究了不同尺寸的圆柱形粒子的运动轨迹，并评估了它们在运动过程中的垂直位置对跳跃距离的影响。为了研究受控条件下的分离动力学，建立了实验试验台。为了评估和验证实验结果，将实验轨迹观测数据与相应的分析预测结果进行比较，计算均方根误差。通过整合实验观察、分析建模和数据驱动方法，该研究为圆柱形有色金属颗粒的选择性分离提供了有价值的见解。随后，使用随机森林算法开发了机器学习模型，并对其进行了训练，以预测粒子轨迹。研究结果强调了基于ml的方法在ECS系统中的强大潜力，因为它们提供了高精度的轨迹预测。这些结果为ECS用户设计和配置分离系统提供了有价值的指导。通过对转鼓转速、粒度、磁极数、磁体厚度等关键参数的调节，提高了操作效率，提高了报废电子电气设备中有色金属颗粒的回收率。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of hydrocyclone separation for fine-grained bauxite based on interface control 基于界面控制的水力旋流分离器对细粒铝土矿的强化分离

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110007

Geng Luo , Bingjun Wang , Rui Wang , Qiuhan Shi , Xiaokang Yan , Haijun Zhang , Lijun Wang

As a critical equipment in mineral processing, the hydrocyclone directly determines the separation efficiency of valuable minerals from gangue, with its performance inherently governed by the synergistic effects of centrifugal force and resistance. In fine particle separation, conventional hydrocyclones often exhibit limited efficiency due to insufficient centrifugal force. To address this challenge, this study proposes a dual-enhancement strategy integrating microscale interface control and macroscale geometric optimization to improve separation efficiency. At the interface control, sodium oleate (3.5 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L) is employed to modulate the wettability of diaspore and kaolinite in bauxite, increasing the contact angle difference between the two minerals from 3.99° to 64.48° and thereby achieving interphase resistance control; at the structural optimization level, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, the entropy weight method (EWM) is utilized to determine the optimal equipment geometric parameters. The results indicate that under operating conditions of a feed velocity of 1.5 m/s and a slurry concentration of 8 %, interface control alone increases the Al₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio (A/S ratio) in the underflow from 5.012 to 5.304, representing a 5.83 % improvement. Further optimization via the EWM method yields geometric parameters that further increase the A/S ratio from 5.304 to 5.574 (an additional 5.39 % enhancement) while maintaining a separation efficiency rate of 67.24 %. This study realizes the enhancement of fine particle separation through interface control and optimizes hydrocyclone structural parameters using the entropy weight method, providing a theoretical foundation and technical support for the efficient separation of fine particles.

水力旋流器作为选矿过程中的关键设备，直接决定着矸石中有价矿物的分离效率，其性能本质上受离心力和阻力的协同作用支配。在细颗粒分离中，由于离心力不足，传统的水力旋流器效率有限。为了解决这一问题，本研究提出了一种结合微观界面控制和宏观几何优化的双重增强策略来提高分离效率。在界面控制方面，采用油酸钠（3.5 × 10−4 mol/L）调节铝土矿中一水硬铝石和高岭石的润湿性，使两种矿物的接触角差从3.99°增加到64.48°，从而实现界面阻力控制；在结构优化层面，基于计算流体力学（CFD）仿真，利用熵权法（EWM）确定最优设备几何参数。结果表明：在进料速度为1.5 m/s、料浆浓度为8%的工况下，界面控制可使下流Al2O3/SiO2比（a /s比）由5.012提高到5.304，提高5.83%；通过EWM方法进一步优化得到的几何参数进一步将A/S比从5.304提高到5.574（额外提高5.39%），同时保持67.24%的分离效率。本研究通过界面控制实现了对细颗粒分离的强化，并利用熵权法对旋流器结构参数进行了优化，为细颗粒的高效分离提供了理论基础和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of lattice occupation and release of vanadium and competing elements in black shale 黑色页岩中钒及其竞争元素晶格占据与释放机理

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110006

Hu Fang-yao, Qiu-shi Zheng, Zhang Yi-min, Xue Nan-nan

Vanadium shale, shaped by sedimentary diagenesis, exhibits complex mineral intergrowths that hinder beneficiation and metallurgical processing. This study investigated the mechanisms and competitive behavior of three competing occupant elements, Fe, Al, and Mg, relative to V through leaching kinetics, quantum chemical calculations, and multiscale modeling. Mineralogical analysis reveals that Fe, Al, Mg, and V co-occupy mica octahedral layers via isomorphic substitution. In both dioctahedral and trioctahedral mica, vanadium content shows a strong positive correlation with Fe content, with trioctahedral mica hosting more vanadium overall. Substitution energy calculations indicate that muscovite and phlogopite favor impurity incorporation, with Fe lowering the density of states of vanadium orbitals. Leaching kinetics follow the shrinking core model, with activation energies ranked as Fe (29.10 kJ/mol) < Al (37.91 kJ/mol) < V (50.46 kJ/mol) < Mg (58.77 kJ/mol). Gibbs free energy calculations for fluoride-assisted oxygen skeleton dissolution yield a similar trend: Fe < Al < V < Mg, consistent with bond stabilities (Fe–O < Al–O < V–O < Mg–O) and leaching priority. This work elucidates the atomic-scale mechanisms governing impurity interference during vanadium leaching and offers theoretical insights for optimizing extraction processes.

钒页岩由沉积成岩作用形成，呈现出复杂的矿物共生，阻碍了选矿和冶金加工。本研究通过浸出动力学、量子化学计算和多尺度模型研究了三种竞争占位元素Fe、Al和Mg相对于V的竞争机制和竞争行为。矿物学分析表明，Fe、Al、Mg和V通过同构取代的方式共同占据云母八面体层。在二八面体云母和三八面体云母中，钒含量与铁含量呈较强的正相关，三八面体云母总体上含钒较多。取代能计算表明，白云母和云母有利于杂质的掺入，铁降低了钒轨道的态密度。浸出动力学遵循缩核模型，活化能依次为Fe (29.10 kJ/mol) <、Al (37.91 kJ/mol) <、V (50.46 kJ/mol) <、Mg （58.77 kJ/mol）。氟化物辅助氧骨架溶解的Gibbs自由能计算得出了类似的趋势：Fe <； Al < V < Mg，与键稳定性（Fe - o < Al - o < V - o < Mg - o）和浸出优先级一致。这项工作阐明了钒浸出过程中杂质干扰的原子尺度机制，并为优化提取过程提供了理论见解。

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引用次数: 0

CFD study of two-phase flow hydrodynamics in the Imhoflot™ G-06 flotation cell using Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches 基于欧拉和拉格朗日方法的Imhoflot™G-06浮选池两相流流体力学CFD研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110039

Hossein Afzali Gorouh , Ahmad Hassanzadeh , Mazyar Salmanzadeh

There is a significant knowledge gap in the existing literature regarding fluid behaviour within pneumatic flotation cells. Hydrodynamic parameters play an essential role in determining the separation efficiency of these cells. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can feasibly provide insights into cell hydrodynamics, enabling the optimization of design and operational parameters. As the G-06 separator has not been previously investigated numerically, this study conducts a detailed CFD analysis of the two-phase hydrodynamics of the separator section in a lab-scale Imhoflot^TM G-06 pneumatic flotation cell using both the Eulerian–Eulerian Mixture model and the Eulerian–Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM). The simulations assess bubble behaviour, air volume fraction, and gas dispersion under varying bubble sizes (50–300 μm). Results reveal that smaller bubbles remain well entrained and uniformly distributed due to strong fluid coupling, while larger bubbles exhibit buoyancy-driven segregation, accumulating near separator walls and the diffuser region. Turbulence dissipation peaks sharply near the inlet, while the bulk separator maintains low dissipation rates with volume-averaged values below 0.1 m²/s³ (W/kg), supporting stable aggregate transport. Velocity analysis reveals confined backflow and recirculation at the nozzle, but discharge flows remain free from stagnation. Axial velocity profiles indicate momentum dissipation downstream, confirming effective jet spreading. These findings reinforce that the interplay of bubble size, turbulence, and inlet configuration critically governs flow structures, aggregate stability, and gas dispersion inside the pneumatic flotation cell. This enhanced understanding provides a hydrodynamic foundation and early-stage insight to support future advanced separator design and effective process optimization in mineral processing industries.

有一个显著的知识差距，在现有的文献中关于气动浮选细胞内的流体行为。水动力参数对这些细胞的分离效率起着至关重要的作用。计算流体动力学（CFD）可以切实地提供对细胞流体动力学的深入了解，从而实现设计和操作参数的优化。由于此前未对G-06型浮选机进行数值研究，本研究采用欧拉-欧拉混合模型和欧拉-拉格朗日离散相模型（DPM），对实验室规模ImhoflotTM G-06型气浮浮选机中分离器段的两相流体力学进行了详细的CFD分析。模拟评估了不同气泡尺寸（50-300 μm）下的气泡行为、空气体积分数和气体分散。结果表明，在强流体耦合作用下，小气泡保持了良好的夹带和均匀分布，而大气泡则表现出浮力驱动的偏析，在分离器壁面和扩散器区域附近聚集。湍流耗散在入口附近达到峰值，而散料分离器保持较低的耗散率，体积平均值低于0.1 m2/s3 (W/kg)，支持稳定的骨料输送。速度分析表明，在喷嘴处存在有限的回流和再循环，但排出流仍然没有停滞。轴向速度曲线显示了下游的动量耗散，证实了有效的射流扩散。这些发现强化了气泡大小、湍流和入口配置的相互作用对气流结构、聚合稳定性和气浮池内气体分散的影响。这种增强的理解提供了流体动力学基础和早期洞察力，以支持未来先进的分离器设计和矿物加工行业的有效流程优化。

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引用次数: 0

Resource utilization of phosphate tailings through a novel strategy of sequential multi-separation processes 基于顺序多分选的磷矿尾矿资源化利用研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110002

Lu Yin , Shengyang Ding , Tao Zhang , Li Lv , Wenxiang Tang , Zongpeng Zou , Kaihong Zhou , Shengwei Tang

Phosphate tailings are industrial solid wastes generated from the flotation process of phosphate ore. The complex mineral assemblage is an obstacle to realize a resource utilization of phosphate tailings. A novel strategy of sequential multi-separation processes was developed to realize resource utilization of valuable elements (P, Ca, Mg) in phosphate tailings. Phosphate concentrate was firstly prepared from phosphate tailings by selectively dissolving of dolomite in a dilute H₃PO₄ solution. CaHPO₄·2H₂O and MgHPO₄·3H₂O were sequentially obtained from the leaching liquor through stepwise neutralization with CaO at pH = 4.6 and MgO at pH = 7.6 respectively. The effects of operation parameters on the dissolution behavior of phosphate tailings were studied. The optimal leaching conditions wereas follows: temperature of 75 °C, H₃PO₄ solution with 16 wt% P₂O₅, liquid–solid mass ratio of 10:1 g/g, leaching time of 30 min and a stirring rate of 250 rpm. Under these conditions, the dissolution ratio of dolomite reached 98.0 %, and the P₂O₅ content in phosphate concentrate reached about 26.0 %. The Drozdov equation was successfully used to describe the dissolution performance of dolomite and fluorapatite in phosphate tailings. Within the temperature range of 45–85°C, their apparent activation energies were 32.5 ± 2.2 kJ∙mol⁻¹ and 17 ± 1.4 kJ∙mol⁻¹, respectively. The precipitation rates of Ca, Mg reached 96.7 % and 95.6 %, respectively, and the precipitation ratio of Mg reached 95.6 %. The total precipitation ratio of P in the entire precipitation process reached about 96.0 %. The products all have wide application areas and acceptable prices. The proposed strategy provides an economic feasible route to realize a resource utilization of phosphate tailings.

磷酸尾矿是磷矿浮选过程中产生的工业固体废弃物，其复杂的矿物组合是实现磷矿尾矿资源化利用的障碍。为实现磷尾矿中有价元素（P、Ca、Mg）的资源化利用，提出了一种新的顺序多分离工艺策略。首先以磷酸盐尾矿为原料，将白云石选择性溶解在稀H3PO4溶液中制备磷酸盐精矿。用pH = 4.6的CaO和pH = 7.6的MgO逐步中和浸出液，依次得到CaHPO4·2H2O和MgHPO4·3H2O。研究了操作参数对磷酸尾矿溶解行为的影响。最佳浸出条件为：温度75℃，P2O5质量分数为16wt %，液固比为10:1 g/g，浸出时间30 min，搅拌速度250 rpm。在此条件下，白云石溶解率可达98.0%，磷矿精矿中P2O5含量可达26.0%左右。利用Drozdov方程成功地描述了白云石和氟磷灰石在磷酸盐尾矿中的溶解性能。在45 ~ 85℃范围内，它们的表观活化能分别为32.5±2.2 kJ∙mol−1和17±1.4 kJ∙mol−1。Ca、Mg的沉淀率分别达到96.7%和95.6%，Mg的沉淀率达到95.6%。在整个降水过程中，P的总降水比例达到96.0%左右。这些产品都有广泛的应用领域和可接受的价格。该策略为实现磷酸盐尾矿资源化利用提供了一条经济可行的途径。

{"title":"Resource utilization of phosphate tailings through a novel strategy of sequential multi-separation processes","authors":"Lu Yin , Shengyang Ding , Tao Zhang , Li Lv , Wenxiang Tang , Zongpeng Zou , Kaihong Zhou , Shengwei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphate tailings are industrial solid wastes generated from the flotation process of phosphate ore. The complex mineral assemblage is an obstacle to realize a resource utilization of phosphate tailings. A novel strategy of sequential multi-separation processes was developed to realize resource utilization of valuable elements (P, Ca, Mg) in phosphate tailings. Phosphate concentrate was firstly prepared from phosphate tailings by selectively dissolving of dolomite in a dilute H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> solution. CaHPO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O and MgHPO<sub>4</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O were sequentially obtained from the leaching liquor through stepwise neutralization with CaO at pH = 4.6 and MgO at pH = 7.6 respectively. The effects of operation parameters on the dissolution behavior of phosphate tailings were studied. The optimal leaching conditions wereas follows: temperature of 75 °C, H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> solution with 16 wt% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, liquid–solid mass ratio of 10:1 g/g, leaching time of 30 min and a stirring rate of 250 rpm. Under these conditions, the dissolution ratio of dolomite reached 98.0 %, and the P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> content in phosphate concentrate reached about 26.0 %. The Drozdov equation was successfully used to describe the dissolution performance of dolomite and fluorapatite in phosphate tailings. Within the temperature range of 45–85°C, their apparent activation energies were 32.5 ± 2.2 kJ∙mol<sup>−1</sup> and 17 ± 1.4 kJ∙mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The precipitation rates of Ca, Mg reached 96.7 % and 95.6 %, respectively, and the precipitation ratio of Mg reached 95.6 %. The total precipitation ratio of P in the entire precipitation process reached about 96.0 %. The products all have wide application areas and acceptable prices. The proposed strategy provides an economic feasible route to realize a resource utilization of phosphate tailings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 110002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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