Minerals Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Mixed surfactants with solubilization behaviors: Separation of feldspar and quartz by self-assembly flotation","authors":"Xuyang Fan ,&nbsp;Tingting Xiao ,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Haoran Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Pan ,&nbsp;Hanjun Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study designed a mixed surfactant with solubilization behavior for selective flotation separation of feldspar and quartz. By optimizing the compounding ratio and dosage of reagents, the optimal mixed surfactants, dodecylamine (DDA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and dodecane with the concentrations of 1.75, 0.58, and 3.5 mmol/L, used in flotation separation of feldspar and quartz has the maximum flotation difference of 91.36 % at pH 3 for single mineral. The result of flotation experiments of artificial-mixed-ore shows that the Al₂O₃ grade was maintained at 14.23 %, and Al₂O₃ recovery was achieved at 69.21 % for the froth product with a selectivity index (<span><math><mrow><mi>SI</mi></mrow></math></span>) of 1.59. The bench-scale flotation tests confirmed a better effect by using mixed surfactants with Al₂O₃ grades of 14.72 % and the Al₂O₃ recovery of 66.62 %. The separation mechanism of quartz and feldspar was proposed through analyses of critical micelle concentration (CMC), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), contact angle, zeta potential, microscopy image, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, and indicated that the flotation difference between quartz and feldspar mainly originated from the selective adsorption of anions on feldspar and the aggregation and subsidence of quartz in mixed surfactants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unexpected stability of froth structures formed with battery materials allow their characterization with x-ray computed tomography","authors":"Tommi Rinne ,&nbsp;Jukka Kuva ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a result of ongoing research on direct recycling of battery active materials, it was observed that the chemical environment in flotation operations can be manipulated to produce highly stable froths. Such unexpected behavior opened the possibility to characterize this type of metastable structures using imaging techniques such as x-ray computed tomography. In this article, a first successful three-dimensional reconstruction of a live mineral froth is reported, unveiling its structural intricacies with micron-scale detail. Using this novel approach, it was possible to observe the distribution of solid species in the froth and the corresponding bubble geometries. Furthermore, the results challenge prevailing notions about the flotation mechanisms of cathode particles, emphasizing the need for more selective reagents in the flotation of end-of-life batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven strategies to optimise Ma’aden Barrick Copper Company (MBCC) flotation circuit − The power of visualisation and machine learning in data mining-","authors":"T. Ncube ,&nbsp;P. Olawoore ,&nbsp;P. Maphosa ,&nbsp;S. Mogashoa ,&nbsp;F. AlJohani ,&nbsp;M. Swanepoel","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a case study demonstrating the application of Optimaviz, an advanced data analytics platform, in addressing the challenges of flotation optimization in the mining industry. The study utilizes historical data from the Jabal Sayid underground copper mine, operated by Ma’aden Barrick Copper Company (MBCC), a joint venture between Ma’aden and Barrick Corporations. Our findings reveal that maintaining cyclone feed slurry percentage solids within the range of 65–71 wt% is crucial for achieving high plant performance (rougher tails copper grade &lt; 0.15 wt% and combined concentrate grade &gt; 24 wt%), with deviations from this prescribed range resulting in a significant decrease in performance. Additionally, we observe the impact of the first concentrate grade (rougher concentrate grade) on overall plant performance, requiring first concentrate grade to be above 26 wt% to achieve high performance, highlighting the importance of the efficiency of the first three rougher cells on the overall plant performance. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of the balance of power between the SAG mill and Ball mill in achieving a finer rougher feed size distribution that is required to promote flotation performance. This study demonstrates how Optimaviz can be used to effectively optimize mineral processing circuits, providing process engineers and metallurgists with a robust tool to derive actionable insights and enhance plant performance without the need for coding knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of monovalent, divalent and trivalent ions on the grinding efficiency of bentonite-containing ores","authors":"JingJing Xu,&nbsp;Boris Albijanic,&nbsp;Nadia Kashif,&nbsp;Jacques Eksteen,&nbsp;Bogale Tadesse,&nbsp;Richard Alorro","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grinding efficiencies of bentonite-containing ores have been rarely investigated in the literature even though bentonite is found in various ores such as refractory and free-milling gold ores. In this work, the influence of the cation valency of grinding additives on the grinding behaviour of bentonite-containing ores has been studied. The results indicate that the presence of bentonite in the ore requires more energy for grinding compared to grinding in its absence. It was found that the particle size for the same energy consumption during grinding of the bentonite slurry decreased in the following order with cation addition: Al³⁺ &gt; Mg²⁺ &gt; K⁺. The additions of Al³⁺ ions particularly reduced the repulsive forces between bentonite particles as confirmed using the zeta potential measurements. Therefore, the ore-bentonite slurries in the presence of Al³⁺ significantly reduced shear forces between particles, leading to improved settling rates and grinding performance. This paper illustrates how the valency number of added grinding additives can substantially alter slurry chemistry, thereby enhancing grinding performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution law of plasma-induced fractures in porous media materials: A case study on coal samples","authors":"Zhang Xiangliang ,&nbsp;Lin Baiquan ,&nbsp;Zhu Chuanjie ,&nbsp;Yang Wei ,&nbsp;Guo Chang ,&nbsp;Zhong Lubin","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma based on electrical discharge has attracted extensive attention in various fields for cracking hard coal, yet the behavior characteristics of plasma channels and the evolution law of fractures in coal have not been investigated in depth. In this study, the evolution law of plasma-induced fractures in coal was revealed by means of physical experiments and numerical simulations. Moreover, the propagation behavior of plasma channels in coal was analyzed. The main conclusions were drawn as follows. The propagation of fractures in coal manifests four behavior characteristics due to numerous minerals and pores in coal bodies: 1) Newly formed fractures are interconnected and develop towards primary fractures; 2) Mineral enrichment areas have an attraction effect on fractures; 3) Fractures propagate along interfaces between minerals and coal matrix; 4) Fractures penetrate through minerals. Besides, the development law of plasma channels in coal under different voltage conditions was explored based on the WZ (Wiesmann H J and Zeller H R. A.) breakdown model of solid dielectrics. It was found that plasma channels in coal develop from the positive electrode to the negative electrode in a “dendritic” shape. The influences of pores and pyrite in coal differ significantly on the patterns and development trends of electrical branches. Specifically, pores in coal have an attraction effect on electrical branches. This indicates a sudden increase in the electric field intensity around fractures, which leads to a surge of local stress and thereby induces the generation of fractures. The research findings are of crucial significance for theoretical study on the propagation mechanism of plasma-induced fractures in coal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of coagulants and flocculants dosing sequence on the dewaterability of oil sands mature fine tailings by pressure filtration","authors":"Daowei Wang ,&nbsp;Filipe S. Araujo ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Hanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaipeng Wang ,&nbsp;Mingli Cao ,&nbsp;Anthony Yeung ,&nbsp;Qi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and cost-effective dewatering of wet tailings is crucial for clean and sustainable production in mineral processing. In the process of dewatering oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT) through coagulation-flocculation followed by pressure filtration, we observed that the dosing sequence of coagulants and flocculants had a significant influence on dewatering efficiency. Employing two anionic commercial flocculants (SNF3338 or Kemira PAM) together with an inorganic or a natural coagulant (aluminum sulfate, or chitosan), it was found that the sequence of flocculants followed by coagulants (F-C) gave higher net water release during filtration and lower moisture content in filter cakes than those in reverse sequence (C-F). The capillary suction time measurement showed a faster water release rate from the MFT treated with the F-C sequence. Zeta potential measurements indicated that flocs formed by treatment with the F-C sequence had lower negative potential or more positive potentials, likely contributing to the stronger floc strength and improved inter-floc porosity that favored pressure filtration. The findings in this Technical Note could help optimize the chemical treatment regime and reduce chemical consumption in the filtration of fine wet tailings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oily-bubble and its typical applications in enhancing the separation and mass transfer processes: A review and perspectives","authors":"Tianze Chen ,&nbsp;Shengpeng Su ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Yizhuang Wang ,&nbsp;Yanfang Huang ,&nbsp;Bingbing Liu ,&nbsp;Hu Sun ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Yang ,&nbsp;Guihong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oily-bubbles have significant advantages including a greater contact area, stronger selectivity and higher mass transfer rate compared to bubbles, which exhibit excellent industrial prospects in mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, wastewater treatment and other fields. In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on the enhancement of separation and mass transfer processes by oily-bubbles. Although considerable excellent results and findings have been reported, a remarkable lag is still recorded concerning the detailed explanation of their formation principle, fabrication methods and typical applications. Hence, the overarching aim of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review and provide a perspective on oily-bubbles. The generation principle and fabrication methods of oily-bubbles were comprehensively summarized based on up-to-date research progress. Subsequently, the significant role of oily-bubbles in enhancing separation and mass transfer processes, with a special emphasis on mineral and secondary resource processing, as well as in the separation and purification of metals, was thoroughly evaluated. Most importantly, the technical challenges, existing problems, and future directions of research on oily-bubbles are highlighted. In summary, this review may be helpful for improving the overall understanding of oily-bubbles and their typical applications in enhancing separation and mass transfer processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 109108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous residual monitoring of metallurgical digital twins","authors":"Riku-Pekka Nikula ,&nbsp;Antti Remes ,&nbsp;Jani Kaartinen ,&nbsp;Johanna Kortelainen ,&nbsp;Tuomas Loponen ,&nbsp;Jari Ruuska ,&nbsp;Mika Ruusunen","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of digital twin maintenance has recently surfaced through findings from industrial applications. Changes in actual physical systems affect the resemblance between digital and physical twins, which can be seen in the continuously changing variation in model residuals. In this study, a method that autonomously updates itself is proposed for monitoring multivariate residuals. It is independent of the models used and monitors normalised residuals based on the squared Mahalanobis distance. The main novelty comes from the normalisation, which is done by using autonomously updated mean and standard deviation values of recent residuals. The method was studied by using an offline simulation model of a grinding circuit in a phosphate concentrator and an online adaptive digital twin model of a flotation circuit in a gold mine. Its performance was compared with conventional squared Mahalanobis distance and principal component analysis methods. The proposed method detected abnormal residual deviations and had low dependence on the characteristics of initial training data, defined by mean and standard deviation. After training with different data sets, the median monitored values of squared Mahalanobis distance remained consistently at values corresponding to 50–57% chi-square distribution probabilities, whereas without autonomous updating, the corresponding values were in the ranges of 3–55% and 39–88% showing inconsistent performance due to the varying distributions of training data sets. The proposed method with transferable and self-configuring properties can advance the online performance monitoring of digital twins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109107"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing durability and strength of concrete through an innovative abrasion and cement slurry treatment of recycled concrete aggregates","authors":"Harish Panghal,&nbsp;Awadhesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven significant interest in utilizing recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). However, the mechanical performance and durability of RCA are often compromised due to the presence of residual mortar. This study explores an innovative surface treatment approach combining abrasion and cement slurry coating to improve the properties of RCA and enhance the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Recycled concrete aggregates were subjected to mechanical abrasion, followed by a cement slurry coating, resulting in the production of Surface-Treated Recycled Concrete Aggregates (STRCA). The study evaluates the impact of STRCA on the compressive strength, drying shrinkage, electrical resistivity, and chloride ion penetration resistance of concrete mixes with varying replacement ratios (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %). Results revealed that the water absorption of RCA was significantly reduced from 5.35 % to 2.61 % following the treatment. STRCA 25 and STRCA 50 mixtures exhibited compressive strength increases of 30.16 % and 18.99 % at 7 days, and 29.37 % and 17.13 % at 28 days, respectively. Higher replacement levels (STRCA 75 and STRCA 100) resulted in strength reductions, with 3.91 % and 16.64 % decreases at 7 days. Drying shrinkage increased progressively with higher RCA content, showing 1.72 %, 10.91 %, 25.86 %, and 38.79 % increases at 28 days for STRCA 25, STRCA 50, STRCA 75, and STRCA 100, respectively. Electrical resistivity improved for lower replacement levels, with STRCA 25 showing a 3.41 % increase at 28 days, while STRCA 100 exhibited a 26.25 % reduction. The rapid chloride penetration test results showed that STRCA 100 had the highest resistance to chloride ion penetration, with a 22.72 % and 28.69 % increase in passed charge at 28 and 56 days, respectively, compared to the reference concrete. The findings indicate that surface-treated RCA can enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete, especially at lower replacement levels, making it a viable option for sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the floatability of sperrylite and its interactions with selected standard and novel collectors","authors":"S. Pikinini ,&nbsp;B. McFadzean ,&nbsp;CT O’Connor ,&nbsp;X. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mineng.2024.109105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bushveld Complex in South Africa contains the largest reserves of platinum group elements (PGEs) in the world. It is composed of the Merensky reef, UG2 reef and the Platreef. Unlike the other reefs that have been largely exploited, the Platreef ores have proved to be difficult to process due to their low content of PGE sulphides and the low association of the PGM minerals with the base metal sulphides. Based on their high association with base metal sulphides in other ores in the Bushveld complex, thiol collectors are used to float PGM minerals. However, relatively high amounts of the PGE arsenide and telluride minerals have been found in the tailing streams of the Platreef concentrators despite being fully liberated. One of the major components in the Platreef ores is sperrylite (PtAs₂), which has been found to be slow floating compared to the other PGMs. This study aimed at determining the reasons for the poor floatability of sperrylite with a view to improving its recovery. Tests were conducted to determine the interactions of the mineral with a range of standard and novel collectors. These included microflotation tests to determine the hydrophobicity of the minerals before and after the adsorption of collectors, calorimetric experiments to determine the enthalpy and extent of collector adsorption onto sperrylite, and electrochemical tests to examine charge transfer reactions between sperrylite and the selected standard collectors.</div><div>The results indicated that poor collector adsorption appeared to be the major cause of the poor floatability of sperrylite. Sperrylite had both poor natural floatability (14.5%) and, when conditioned with collectors, the highest recovery of only 26% was observed when using PNBX collector at pH 9. Moreover, the rest potential tests showed that the interaction of sperrylite with standard collectors such as xanthates was poor. Only very minor changes in potential were observed after the addition of the standard thiol collectors under alkaline conditions and rest potentials remained essentially unchanged with a change from basic to acidic conditions, indicating its resistance to surface alteration. Surface alteration of the minerals is key for the chemisorption of collectors to take place on the mineral surface. This was further emphasised by flotation recoveries at acidic conditions, where only certain collectors responded positively to a decrease in pH. This work has highlighted the difficulties associated with sperrylite flotation and provides some direction for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18594,"journal":{"name":"Minerals Engineering","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 109105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}