Minerals Engineering最新文献_第9页

Solidification and stabilization of molybdenum tailings dams using biomineralization 钼尾矿坝生物矿化固化与稳定研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110017

Zhimin Li , Congqing Yang , Zihao Li , Xiaoqing Yuan , Hongbo Liu , Futong Wang

The accumulation of molybdenum tailings (MoT) poses dual challenges of geotechnical instability and environmental contamination through dust dispersion and heavy metal leaching. In this study, microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) was employed as a sustainable technique to solidify and stabilize MoT, aiming to enhance their mechanical properties while mitigating associated environmental risks. Mechanical performance was evaluated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS), calcium carbonate content (CCC), and wind erosion resistance (WER), whereas environmental impact was assessed using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). The results demonstrated that the UCS of MICP-treated MoT increased with cementation solution concentration, reaching a maximum of 1.38 MPa at 1.8 M. WER tests confirmed that MICP-treated MoT effectively resisted erosion under wind speeds up to 12 m/s. TCLP analyses indicated maximum fixation rates of 34.56 %, 80.79 %, 98.87 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 100 % for Mo, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Zn, respectively. Although complete immobilization of Mo, Cd, and Mn was not achieved, their post-treatment concentrations remained below regulatory thresholds. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses revealed that calcite crystals induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii precipitated both between and on the surfaces of MoT particles, binding them into a cohesive matrix and increasing specific surface area. The findings of this study can provide technical support for the reinforcement and remediation of MoT ponds using MICP, and offer valuable insights for the potential application of MICP-stabilized MoT as construction materials.

钼尾矿的堆积会带来岩土失稳和粉尘分散、重金属浸出等环境污染的双重挑战。在本研究中，微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）作为一种可持续的技术来固化和稳定MoT，旨在提高其力学性能，同时降低相关的环境风险。机械性能通过无侧限抗压强度（UCS）、碳酸钙含量（CCC）和抗风蚀性（WER）来评估，而环境影响则通过毒性特征浸出程序（TCLP）来评估。结果表明，micp处理后的MoT的UCS随着胶结液浓度的增加而增加，在1.8 m时达到最大值1.38 MPa。WER试验证实，在风速为12 m/s时，micp处理后的MoT能够有效抵抗侵蚀。TCLP分析表明，对Mo、Cd、Mn、Fe、Cr和Zn的最大固结率分别为34.56%、80.79%、98.87%、100%、100%和100%。虽然没有实现Mo、Cd和Mn的完全固定化，但它们的处理后浓度仍低于调节阈值。x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）分析表明，巴氏孢杆菌诱导的方解石晶体在MoT颗粒之间和表面沉淀，将它们结合成一个内聚基质，增加了它们的比表面积。本研究结果可为利用MICP加固和修复MoT池塘提供技术支持，并为MICP稳定MoT作为建筑材料的潜在应用提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Selective leaching optimization and kinetic mechanism of calcined magnesite in a mixed sulfuric-acetic acid system 焙烧菱镁矿在硫酸-乙酸混合体系中选择性浸出优化及动力学机理研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110003

Xiaojia Tang , Shuyan Chen , Siyuan Xu , Hanqiang Liu , Kehan Wang , Qingxin Wang , Can Zheng , Yangyuan Ji , Yimin Zhu

Magnesium (Mg) and its compounds are crucial for industry and agriculture, with calcined magnesite as a key feedstock for hydrometallurgical Mg extraction. Acid leaching is critical here, but single-acid systems have drawbacks: inorganic acids (e.g., H₂SO₄) are efficient yet induce unwanted impurity co-dissolution, while organic acids (e.g., CH₃COOH) are selective but low-efficiency. Sulfuric-acetic acid mixed systems may combine these advantages, yet their application in calcined magnesite leaching is understudied. This study investigated the leaching performance of calcined magnesite in this mixed acid system by combining single-factor experiments (focusing on acid concentration, reaction time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio), Response Surface Methodology optimization, shrinking core model-based kinetic analysis, and XRD/XRF/SEM-EDS characterization. Optimized parameters were: 1.72 mol/L H₂SO₄, 1.03 mol/L CH₃COOH, 10 min reaction time, 40 ℃, and 22 mL/g L/S ratio. Under these conditions, leaching efficiencies were 90 % (Mg), 71 % (Ca), 34 % (Fe), 7 % (Si), 2 % (Al). Kinetically, Mg leaching was initially controlled by a fast chemical reaction, then transitioned to mixed control by chemical reaction and ash layer diffusion. The corresponding apparent activation energies (Ea) for these two stages are 4.29 ± 0.96 kJ/mol (R² = 0.94) and 16.23 ± 1.25 kJ/mol (R² = 0.98), respectively. Magnesium leaching followed a three-stage process: rapid dissolution of fine particles, lattice defect-driven selective dissolution of MgO, and mass transfer restriction by a porous ash layer. This study provides a critical theoretical foundation for the development of efficient Mg extraction processes from calcined magnesite.

镁及其化合物在工农业生产中具有重要的应用价值，而焙烧菱镁矿是湿法提取镁的重要原料。酸浸在这里是至关重要的，但单酸系统有缺点：无机酸（如H2SO4）是有效的，但会诱导不需要的杂质共溶，而有机酸（如CH3COOH）是选择性的，但效率低。硫酸-乙酸混合体系可以结合这些优点，但其在煅烧菱镁矿浸出中的应用还有待研究。本研究通过单因素实验（以酸浓度、反应时间、温度、液固比为重点）、响应面法优化、基于缩心模型的动力学分析以及XRD/XRF/SEM-EDS表征相结合的方法，研究了煅烧菱镁矿在该混合酸体系中的浸出性能。优化参数为：H2SO4 1.72 mol/L、CH3COOH 1.03 mol/L、反应时间10 min、温度40℃、L/S比22 mL/g。在这些条件下，浸出效率分别为90% （Mg）、71% （Ca）、34% （Fe）、7% （Si）、2% （Al）。动力学上，Mg浸出最初由快速化学反应控制，然后过渡到化学反应和灰层扩散混合控制。两个阶段对应的表观活化能（Ea）分别为4.29±0.96 kJ/mol （R2 = 0.94）和16.23±1.25 kJ/mol （R2 = 0.98）。镁浸出过程分为三个阶段：细颗粒的快速溶解，晶格缺陷驱动的MgO选择性溶解，以及多孔灰层的传质限制。该研究为开发从煅烧菱镁矿中高效提镁工艺提供了重要的理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of mechanical activation and ethylene glycol on leaching As from arsenopyrite: Structural properties, reaction behavior, and electrochemistry 机械活化和乙二醇对毒砂中砷浸出的协同作用：结构性质、反应行为和电化学

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109965

Hongfei Wu , Yunlong Bai , Jingcai Chang , Wei Wang , Yi Wang , Jiahao Zhang , Taiyang Liu

This study aims to address the environmental challenges associated with arsenic (As) removal during gold extraction from arsenopyrite by introducing an innovative green treatment that combines mechanical activation (MA) and ethylene glycol (EG). To this end, the structural properties, leaching behavior, and reaction mechanisms are methodically examined throughout the oxidation-dissolution process of arsenopyrite. The application of MA leads to particle refinement and enhanced surface reactivity, resulting in the transformation of As(0) on the surface of arsenopyrite into As(III) and As(V) following activation. EG notably reduces the decomposition rate of H₂O₂ by 70 %, thereby remarkably enhancing the reaction efficiency of arsenopyrite. The leaching efficiency for As from arsenopyrite, activated for 2 h, reaches an impressive 99.63 % in the H₂SO₄-H₂O₂ solution containing 5 % EG. The leaching process of arsenopyrite in the H₂SO₄-H₂O₂ solution encompasses two primary electrochemical reaction processes: H₂O₂ decomposition and arsenopyrite oxidation-dissolution. The EG addition could contribute to the increase in the corrosion potential of the H₂SO₄-H₂O₂ solution and the reduction of the arsenopyrite impedance during the leaching process. Finally, a novel utilization pathway is presented to economically and effectively eliminate As from arsenopyrite during the oxidative acid leaching process.

本研究旨在通过引入一种结合机械活化（MA）和乙二醇（EG）的创新绿色处理方法，解决与毒砂提金过程中砷（As）去除相关的环境挑战。为此，在整个毒砂氧化溶解过程中，系统地研究了毒砂的结构性质、浸出行为和反应机制。MA的应用使毒砂表面的As(0)在活化后转变为As（III）和As(V)，使其颗粒细化，表面反应性增强。EG显著降低H2O2的分解率70%，从而显著提高毒砂的反应效率。在含5% EG的H2SO4-H2O2溶液中，活化2h后毒砂中砷的浸出率达到99.63%。毒砂在H2SO4-H2O2溶液中的浸出过程包括两个主要的电化学反应过程：H2O2分解和毒砂氧化-溶解。EG的加入提高了H2SO4-H2O2溶液的腐蚀电位，降低了浸出过程中毒砂的阻抗。最后，提出了一条经济有效地去除毒砂氧化酸浸过程中砷的新利用途径。

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引用次数: 0

Thermoelectric properties of iron-bearing minerals in typical sinter and pellets: formation mechanism and industrial applications 典型烧结矿和球团矿中含铁矿物的热电特性：形成机理和工业应用

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109984

Bowen Duan , Xiuli Han , Jiahui Ren , Yuxin Xie , Xiaoyu Sun , Fengjiu Li

The thermoelectric properties of minerals are important physical properties that reflect their chemical composition, crystal structure, and formation conditions. Therefore, studying the thermoelectric properties of major iron-bearing minerals in sinters and pellets is crucial for understanding phase evolution during sintering and guiding industrial production. Using the ZY-RDY2000 thermoelectric coefficient testing instrument, the first systematic measurements of thermoelectric properties were conducted for major iron-bearing minerals in sinter and pellet samples under varied process conditions. The results showed significantly different thermoelectric properties among various iron-bearing minerals. Overall thermoelectric coefficients followed a descending order: skeletal hematite > eutectic of platy SFCA and magnetite > eutectic of needle SFCA and magnetite > recrystallized magnetite > primary magnetite > primary hematite/recrystallized hematite/secondary oxidized hematite. Both sinter and pellet exhibit significant thermoelectric effects, with the thermoelectric coefficients ranging from −60 μV ℃^-1 to −270 μV ℃^-1 and −40 μV ℃^-1 to −60 μV ℃^-1. Mechanistic analysis revealed that lattice defects induced by process constraints and isomorphous substitutions fundamentally govern these thermoelectric behaviors. The average thermoelectric coefficient of high-basicity sinter exhibits a negative correlation with the low-temperature reduction pulverization index (RDI_+3.15mm). Meanwhile, the distribution characteristics of the thermoelectric coefficient in pellet effectively reflect the uniformity of its mineralogical structure, thereby serving as a crucial basis for determining the appropriateness of its calcination temperature. Therefore, thermoelectric technology is expected to become a simple, green, and efficient method for quality assessment of both sinter and pellets.

矿物的热电性质是反映其化学成分、晶体结构和形成条件的重要物理性质。因此，研究烧结矿和球团矿中主要含铁矿物的热电性质，对于了解烧结过程中的物相演化，指导工业生产具有重要意义。利用ZY-RDY2000型热电系数测试仪，首次对烧结矿和球团矿样品中主要含铁矿物在不同工艺条件下的热电性能进行了系统测量。结果表明，不同含铁矿物的热电性质存在显著差异。整体热电系数由大到小依次为：骨架赤铁矿>；板状SFCA与磁铁矿共晶>；针状SFCA与磁铁矿共晶>；再结晶磁铁矿>；原生磁铁矿>；原生赤铁矿/再结晶赤铁矿/次生氧化赤铁矿。烧结矿和球团均表现出明显的热电效应，热电系数在−60 μV℃-1 ~−270 μV℃-1和−40 μV℃-1 ~−60 μV℃-1之间。机理分析表明，由工艺约束和同构取代引起的晶格缺陷从根本上控制了这些热电行为。高碱度烧结矿的平均热电系数与低温还原粉碎指数呈负相关（RDI+3.15mm）。同时，球团中热电系数的分布特征有效地反映了其矿物学结构的均匀性，是确定其煅烧温度适宜性的重要依据。因此，热电技术有望成为一种简单、绿色、高效的烧结矿和球团质量评估方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of slurry velocity on particle–fluid interaction in high gradient magnetic field 高梯度磁场下料浆速度对颗粒-流体相互作用的影响

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109980

Hanyu Lin , Yinan Xie , Qian Wang , Hongliang Shang , Jiangang Ku , Zhengchang Shen

High-gradient magnetic separation is an effective separation process for fine-grained feebly magnetic minerals. Its efficiency is controlled by the dynamic competition between magnetic force and fluid viscous drag force. Slurry velocity is a critical factor affecting industrial mineral separation performance. Herein, computational fluid dynamics simulation and experimental verification of ilmenite particles in the longitudinal single-rod matrix with a diameter of 2 mm are performed. We reveal the regulatory mechanism of slurry initial velocity on capture radius and particle–fluid interaction upstream of the single rod matrix. Experimental results confirm that low slurry initial velocity conditions significantly increase the capture radius of rod. While as initial slurry velocity increases, the capture radius nonlinearly decreases to a stable value, with 2.13 mm at 0.6 T, 3.12 mm at 1.0 T, 4.11 mm at 1.5 T, respectively. Under the critical capture states, sudden changes in particle trajectory curvature, axial torque, and fluid vorticity indicate that magnetic field gradients and flow velocity boundary conditions dominate changes in upstream pressure drop and shear layer evolution in the matrix, with this critical capture process related to lateral Magnus force caused by the pressure drop on both sides of the particle. By quantifying the ratio of magnetic field and flow field contributions to the radial capture velocity under different initial slurry velocities, the optimal feed fluid velocity is supposed to be around 0.02∼0.1 m/s. This work elucidates the interaction mechanism between particles and fluid in high-gradient magnetic fields, provides a theoretical foundation for establishing high-precision two-phase flow dynamics models and optimizes the design of fine-particle mineral separation matrix boxes.

高梯度磁选是细粒弱磁性矿物的有效分选工艺。其效率受磁力和流体粘性阻力的动态竞争控制。矿浆速度是影响工业选矿性能的关键因素。本文对直径为2 mm的纵向单杆基质中钛铁矿颗粒进行了计算流体力学模拟和实验验证。我们揭示了浆体初始速度对捕获半径和单杆矩阵上游颗粒-流体相互作用的调节机制。实验结果证实，低浆体初速度条件显著增大了棒的捕获半径。随着初始浆体速度的增大，捕获半径非线性减小到一个稳定值，在0.6 T时捕获半径为2.13 mm，在1.0 T时捕获半径为3.12 mm，在1.5 T时捕获半径为4.11 mm。在临界捕获状态下，颗粒轨迹曲率、轴向转矩和流体涡度的突然变化表明，磁场梯度和流速边界条件主导了基体上游压降和剪切层演化的变化，这一临界捕获过程与颗粒两侧压降引起的横向马格纳斯力有关。通过量化不同初始浆体速度下磁场和流场对径向捕获速度的贡献比，得出最佳进料流体速度约为0.02 ~ 0.1 m/s。本研究阐明了高梯度磁场下颗粒与流体的相互作用机理，为建立高精度两相流动力学模型和优化细颗粒矿物分离基质箱设计提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Unlocking rare earths in coal fly ash: Progress, challenges, and perspectives 煤飞灰中的稀土元素：进展、挑战和前景

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110032

Miao He , Huijun Xi , Jian Wu , Haiyu Zhong , Jiayi Tang , Li Zeng , Jing Wang , Zhendong Yang

Coal fly ash (CFA) is both an environmental liability and a promising secondary source of rare earth elements (REE). This review synthesizes recent advances across the full CFA-to-REE chain: physical enrichment (size classification, magnetic, gravity, flotation), chemical activation (alkali and roasting), leaching (inorganic acids, organic acids, bioleaching), and purification (solvent extraction, ion exchange, biosorption). We compare operating windows and performance, highlight greener routes, including organic acid leaching, bioleaching, and ionic liquids (ILs)/deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and identify system-level bottlenecks: low REE grades hosted in glassy aluminosilicates, co-dissolution of Al and Fe, reagent and energy intensity, and effluent control. Best-performing flowsheets couple sodium-based activation with HCl leaching and solvent/resin purification, often achieving 70–90% REE dissolution; greener alternatives become competitive when paired with targeted pretreatment and reagent recycling. We outline priorities for scale-up: selective activation at lower temperatures, integration of bio-based leaching and adsorption, closed-loop reagents, and rigorous techno-economic and life-cycle assessment. These insights support the design of environmentally responsible and cost-effective CFA-to-REE value chains.

粉煤灰既是一种环境负担，也是一种很有前途的稀土元素二次来源。本文综述了cfa - ree完整链的最新进展：物理富集（粒度分类、磁力、重力、浮选）、化学活化（碱和焙烧）、浸出（无机酸、有机酸、生物浸出）和纯化（溶剂萃取、离子交换、生物吸附）。我们比较了操作窗口和性能，强调了更环保的路线，包括有机酸浸出、生物浸出和离子液体(ILs)/深共晶溶剂（DESs），并确定了系统层面的瓶颈：玻璃状铝硅酸盐中的低稀土等级、Al和Fe的共溶、试剂和能源强度以及流出物控制。最好的流程将钠基活化与HCl浸出和溶剂/树脂净化结合起来，通常可以实现70-90%的REE溶解；当与有针对性的预处理和试剂回收相结合时，更环保的替代品变得有竞争力。我们概述了扩大规模的优先事项：低温下的选择性活化，生物基浸出和吸附的整合，闭环试剂，严格的技术经济和生命周期评估。这些见解支持设计对环境负责和具有成本效益的cfa到ree价值链。

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引用次数: 0

A prediction model of bubble Sauter diameter in turbulent vortex environment for flotation 浮选湍流涡旋环境下气泡Sauter直径预测模型

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.109979

Bingjun Wang , Geng Luo , Fengshan Li , Chuwen Guo , Guojian Cheng , Xiaokang Yan , Haijun Zhang , Lijun Wang

Bubble size is a crucial parameter for predicting flotation performance and optimizing flotation equipment, attracting growing research interest. To predict bubble size in a turbulent vortex environment, high-speed dynamic camera experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed in both smooth tubes and 1–7 layers vortex generator (VG) tubes. The operating conditions included liquid flow rate of 0.21–0.56 m³/h (turbulent dissipation rate of 0.001–809.703 m²/s³), air flow rate of 0.5–1.5 L/min and sec-octanol concentration of 0–145 mg/L. Experimental characteristic parameters and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow field parameters behind the VG layers were systematically investigated. The results indicate that increasing the number of VG layers, liquid flow rate, and sec-octanol concentration, while reducing the gas flow rate, effectively reduces bubble size. The cumulative turbulent dissipation rate ε₉₅ was utilized to characterize both the global weak turbulence and local strong turbulence induced by the VG layers. Finally, a prediction model of bubble Sauter diameter D₃₂ adopting cumulative turbulent dissipation rate ε₉₅ and dimensionless number including gas–water ratio A, liquid Reynolds number Re_L, surface tension ratio B, turbulent Weber number We_η was developed. The model’s predicted values exhibited an average relative error of 12.06 % compared to experimental results. Furthermore, external validation was conducted using bubble size data from Venturi tube studies to extend the model’s applicability. The validated application range of the model was 2400＜Re_L＜142102 and 0.0295＜σ＜0.0751 N/m.

气泡大小是预测浮选性能和优化浮选设备的重要参数，引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。为了预测湍流涡旋环境下的气泡大小，在光滑管和1-7层涡发生器（VG）管中进行了高速动态相机实验和计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟。工况为液体流量0.21 ~ 0.56 m3/h（湍流耗散率0.001 ~ 809.703 m2/s3），空气流量0.5 ~ 1.5 L/min，中辛醇浓度0 ~ 145 mg/L。系统地研究了VG层后的实验特征参数和计算流体力学流场参数。结果表明，在减小气体流量的同时，增加VG层数、液体流量和仲辛醇浓度可以有效地减小气泡尺寸。利用累积湍流耗散率ε95分别表征了VG层引起的全局弱湍流和局部强湍流。最后，利用累积湍流耗散率ε95和气水比a、液体雷诺数ReL、表面张力比B、湍流韦伯数Weη等无因次数建立了气泡Sauter直径D32的预测模型。模型预测值与实验结果的平均相对误差为12.06%。此外，利用文丘里管研究的气泡大小数据进行了外部验证，以扩展模型的适用性。模型的适用范围为2400

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引用次数: 0

Targeted enrichment of associated silver minerals in lead–zinc sulfide ores: mechanistic study with novel silver-friendly collector 新型银友好捕收剂定向富集铅锌矿伴生银矿物的机理研究

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110018

Hongliang Zhang , Wei Sun , Heng Yu , Xin Rao , Chenyang Zhang

Silver, with galena as its primary associated mineral, is commonly beneficiated through flotation. Consequently, investigating the effects of silver-galena interaction on flotation reagent adsorption is of significant importance. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal key electrochemical features arising from the coexistence of galena and silver, providing insights into their collective influence on flotation behavior.. The findings reveal that silver doping enhances the interfacial adsorption of diisobutyl monothiophosphate (DIBMTP) on galena, with improved DIBMTP adsorption performance observed at higher doping concentrations and when the doping site is closer to the galena surface. Galvanic effects involving the association and inclusion of silver can increase the positive charge of galena, thereby enhancing DIBMTP adsorption. Moreover, quantum tunneling effects contribute to the simultaneous enrichment of galena and silver minerals. Specifically, DIBMTP engages in conventional orbital bonding with galena through its highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with the secondary lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO + 1) of galena, while featuring orbital backbonding interactions with silver minerals via its LUMO with the HOMOs of silver minerals. Electrochemical processes, including galvanic and quantum tunneling effects, enable efficient electron transfer from galena to silver minerals, thereby increasing the positive charge of galena and enhancing the electron-donating capacity of silver. These changes promote conventional orbital bonding and orbital backbonding interactions with DIBMTP, respectively.

银以方铅矿为主要伴生矿物，通常通过浮选进行选矿。因此，研究银-方铅矿相互作用对浮选药剂吸附的影响具有重要意义。在这项研究中，密度泛函理论（DFT）计算揭示了方铅矿和银共存时产生的关键电化学特征，为它们对浮选行为的集体影响提供了见解。结果表明，银掺杂增强了DIBMTP在方铅矿上的界面吸附，掺杂浓度越高，掺杂点越靠近方铅矿表面，DIBMTP的吸附性能越好。涉及银的缔合和包合的电效应可以增加方铅矿的正电荷，从而增强对DIBMTP的吸附。此外，量子隧道效应有助于方铅矿和银矿物的同时富集。具体而言，DIBMTP通过其最高已占据分子轨道（HOMO）与方铅矿的次最低未占据分子轨道（LUMO + 1）与方铅矿进行常规轨道成键，同时通过其LUMO与银矿物的HOMOs进行轨道回键相互作用。电化学过程，包括电流和量子隧道效应，使电子从方铅矿向银矿物有效转移，从而增加方铅矿的正电荷，增强银的供电子能力。这些变化分别促进了与DIBMTP的常规轨道成键和轨道反键相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating ore-sand by-products at Cadia’s porphyry copper-gold mine for construction applications 评价Cadia斑岩型铜金矿矿砂副产物的施工应用

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110001

Juliana Segura-Salazar , Lulit Habte Ekubatsion , Mehdi Serati , Vinh Dao , Rebecca Gravina , Christian Antonio , Xuanyu Zhu , Daniel M. Franks

The global consumption of aggregates—including sand, gravel, and crushed stone—is estimated at around 50 billion tonnes annually. Although these materials are geologically abundant, their extraction often occurs in sensitive environments, leading to significant socio-environmental harm. Additionally, the mining sector produces about 13 billion tonnes of tailings each year, with over 50 billion m³ stored in tailings storage facilities, many of which are unstable, and 9 % located in globally protected areas. Innovative solutions are required to overcome this unsustainable way of extracting and producing minerals. Our research has introduced ore-sand, a potential source of sand at scale that can also help reduce tailings production. We present empirical evidence demonstrating the technical feasibility of producing ore-sand as a by-product of processing porphyry Cu-Au ores. We validate this concept using a representative sample from the silicate-rich HydroFloat output at Newmont’s Cadia operation in Australia. Our assessment of Cadia ore-sand indicates that it is a suitable alternative to river sand for concrete and shotcrete applications, complying with Australian Standards and commercial formulations. Our findings suggest that Cadia ore-sand possesses unique particle shape properties that place it between manufactured sand and river sand. Coarse particle flotation after rougher (desulfurisation) flotation results in a coarser ore-sand product, improving its quality and allowing it to fully replace natural fine sand in concreting while achieving comparable performance. This circular economy approach offers a low-impact alternative source of sand, which is particularly crucial given the rising demand for copper and other materials necessary for the energy transition.

据估计，全球骨料（包括沙子、砾石和碎石）的消费量每年约为500亿吨。虽然这些材料在地质上很丰富，但它们的开采往往发生在敏感的环境中，导致重大的社会环境危害。此外，采矿业每年生产约130亿吨尾矿，其中超过500亿立方米储存在尾矿储存设施中，其中许多不稳定，9%位于全球保护区。需要创新的解决方案来克服这种不可持续的开采和生产矿物的方式。我们的研究引入了矿砂，这是一种潜在的大规模砂源，也有助于减少尾矿的产生。我们提出了经验证据，证明了在处理斑岩型铜金矿石的过程中产生矿砂的技术可行性。我们使用Newmont在澳大利亚Cadia作业的富硅酸盐HydroFloat产出的代表性样品验证了这一概念。我们对Cadia矿砂的评估表明，它是混凝土和喷射混凝土应用中河砂的合适替代品，符合澳大利亚标准和商业配方。我们的研究结果表明，Cadia矿砂具有独特的颗粒形状特性，将其置于人造砂和河砂之间。粗粒浮选后粗粒浮选（脱硫）产生粗粒矿砂产品，提高其质量，使其完全取代混凝土中的天然细砂，同时达到相当的性能。这种循环经济方法提供了一种低影响的替代砂源，鉴于对铜和能源转型所需的其他材料的需求不断增长，这一点尤为重要。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of anionic polyacrylamides in process water on chalcopyrite flotation in the presence of kaolinite 高岭石存在下，工艺水中阴离子聚丙烯酰胺对黄铜矿浮选的影响

IF 5 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Minerals Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2025.110020

Felipe Arcos , Ginna Jimenez , Lina Uribe , Leopoldo Gutierrez

The mineral processing industry currently faces two critical challenges: (1) the progressive decline in ore grades, which leads to an increased presence of complex gangue minerals, and (2) the growing scarcity of fresh water. The second challenge has been addressed by increasing the recirculation of process water, which alters water quality due to the accumulation of impurities such as residual flocculants like polyacrylamides (PAMs). These reagents may play an important role in the interactions between valuable copper sulfides and clay minerals such as kaolinite. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of an anionic PAM with a degree of anionicity (DA) of 8.15% under various levels of mechanical degradation on chalcopyrite flotation in the presence of kaolinite. Microflotation, induction time, PAM adsorption, electrophoretic mobility, and potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) adsorption experiments were carried out in this study. The results of this work showed that the presence of PAM and kaolinite in the chalcopyrite flotation systems negatively affects mineral recovery due to complex adsorption interactions influenced by pH and polymer degradation. The obtained results demonstrated that the combined depressing effect of PAM and kaolinite on chalcopyrite is stronger than their individual effects, highlighting important industrial implications by suggesting that the presence of residual flocculants in process water may enhance the negative impact of clay minerals on flotation performance. PAM molecules also inhibit PAX adsorption in slurries composed by a mixture of chalcopyrite and kaolinite, further reducing chalcopyrite flotation efficiency. These findings highlight the combined influence of residual flocculants and gangue minerals such as kaolinite on the surface chemistry of flotation systems. This emphasizes the need to manage not only the presence of clay minerals, but also the quality of recirculated water in flotation circuits.

矿物加工业目前面临着两个关键的挑战：(1)矿石品位的逐步下降，导致复杂脉石矿物的存在增加；(2)淡水的日益稀缺。第二个挑战是通过增加工艺水的再循环来解决的，这是由于残留絮凝剂如聚丙烯酰胺（pam）等杂质的积累而改变水质。这些试剂可能在有价值的硫化铜与粘土矿物（如高岭石）之间的相互作用中起重要作用。研究了阴离子度（DA）为8.15%的阴离子PAM在不同机械降解水平下对高岭石存在下黄铜矿浮选的影响。本研究进行了微浮选、诱导时间、PAM吸附、电泳迁移率和戊基黄药钾（PAX）吸附实验。研究结果表明，PAM和高岭石在黄铜矿浮选体系中的存在，由于受pH和聚合物降解影响的复杂吸附相互作用，对矿物回收率产生负面影响。所得结果表明，PAM和高岭石对黄铜矿的联合抑制作用强于它们各自的作用，表明工艺水中残留絮凝剂的存在可能会加剧粘土矿物对浮选性能的负面影响，从而突出了重要的工业意义。PAM分子还抑制了黄铜矿与高岭石混合矿浆对PAX的吸附，进一步降低了黄铜矿的浮选效率。这些发现强调了残余絮凝剂和脉石矿物（如高岭石）对浮选系统表面化学的综合影响。这强调了不仅需要管理粘土矿物的存在，而且还需要管理浮选回路中循环水的质量。

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引用次数: 0

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