首页 > 最新文献

Microscopy and Microanalysis最新文献

英文 中文
Characteristics of the Integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) and Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) Males Can Contribute to Understanding its Relation to Habitat. Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) 和 Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) 雄性器官的特征有助于了解其与生境的关系。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae091
Stéphanie Asséf Millen Valente Teixeira, Mariana Moraes de Castro, Camila Moura Novaes, Daiane Cristina Marques Dos Santos, Charlene da Penha Neves, Luiz Otávio Guimarães-Ervilha, Renato Neves Feio, Mariana Machado-Neves

The integument of anurans plays vital physiological roles, crucial for understanding the species' survival in their environment. Despite its significance, there are few studies describing the cutaneous morphology of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to characterize the integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri and Boana semilineata in males using microscopic and histochemical approaches. Histological sections were stained with various dyes, and additional fragments underwent electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed different projections on the dorsal and ventral regions of males from these species, without the Eberth-Katschenko layer. Differences in the arrangement of chromatophore cells in regions with varying solar incidence were observed in the spongy dermis. Various gland types were identified, aiding taxonomic differentiation and validation of behavioral data. Both species had seromucous and granular glands, while only P. burmeisteri displayed lipid glands. Histochemical analysis revealed higher production of polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the integument's moisture and protection. Lipid secretions in P. burmeisteri helped waterproof the integument more effectively against desiccation. This study concludes that analyzing anuran integument provides valuable insights into their behavior, with integument composition potentially influenced by habitat choice among different species.

无尾类动物的皮肤起着重要的生理作用,对了解该物种在环境中的生存至关重要。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但很少有研究描述巴西大西洋森林中无尾类动物的皮肤形态。本研究旨在利用显微镜和组织化学方法,描述雄性无尾熊(Phyllomedusa burmeisteri)和雌性无尾熊(Boana semilineata)皮肤的特征。组织切片用各种染料染色,并对其他片段进行了电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析。结果表明,这些物种的雄性动物背侧和腹侧区域有不同的突起,没有埃伯斯-卡特琴科层(Eberth-Katschenko layer)。在海绵状真皮层中,观察到不同太阳入射角区域的嗜铬细胞排列存在差异。确定了各种腺体类型,有助于分类区分和验证行为数据。两个物种都有血清粘液腺和颗粒腺,而只有 P. burmeisteri 有脂腺。组织化学分析表明,多糖和蛋白质的产量较高,有助于皮肤的保湿和保护。布氏栉水母的脂质分泌物有助于更有效地防水,防止干燥。这项研究的结论是,分析有尾类动物的皮膜可以深入了解它们的行为,不同物种对栖息地的选择可能会影响皮膜的组成。
{"title":"Characteristics of the Integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) and Boana semilineata (Anura, Hylidae) Males Can Contribute to Understanding its Relation to Habitat.","authors":"Stéphanie Asséf Millen Valente Teixeira, Mariana Moraes de Castro, Camila Moura Novaes, Daiane Cristina Marques Dos Santos, Charlene da Penha Neves, Luiz Otávio Guimarães-Ervilha, Renato Neves Feio, Mariana Machado-Neves","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integument of anurans plays vital physiological roles, crucial for understanding the species' survival in their environment. Despite its significance, there are few studies describing the cutaneous morphology of anurans from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to characterize the integument of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri and Boana semilineata in males using microscopic and histochemical approaches. Histological sections were stained with various dyes, and additional fragments underwent electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results showed different projections on the dorsal and ventral regions of males from these species, without the Eberth-Katschenko layer. Differences in the arrangement of chromatophore cells in regions with varying solar incidence were observed in the spongy dermis. Various gland types were identified, aiding taxonomic differentiation and validation of behavioral data. Both species had seromucous and granular glands, while only P. burmeisteri displayed lipid glands. Histochemical analysis revealed higher production of polysaccharides and proteins, contributing to the integument's moisture and protection. Lipid secretions in P. burmeisteri helped waterproof the integument more effectively against desiccation. This study concludes that analyzing anuran integument provides valuable insights into their behavior, with integument composition potentially influenced by habitat choice among different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1011-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atomic-Scale Characterization of Dilute Dopants in Topological Insulators via STEM-EDS Using Registration and Cell Averaging Techniques. 利用注册和单元平均技术,通过 STEM-EDS 对拓扑绝缘体中的稀释掺杂物进行原子尺度表征。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae078
Min-Chul Kang, Farhan Islam, Jiaqiang Yan, David Vaknin, Robert J McQueeney, Ping Lu, Lin Zhou

Magnetic dopants in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) offer a promising avenue for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) without the necessity for an external magnetic field. Understanding the relationship between site occupancy of magnetic dopant elements and their effect on macroscopic property is crucial for controlling the QAHE. By combining atomic-scale energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps obtained by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) and novel data processing methodologies, including semi-automatic lattice averaging and frame registration, we have determined the substitutional sites of Mn atoms within the 1.2% Mn-doped Sb2Te3 crystal. More importantly, the methodology developed in this study extends beyond Mn-doped Sb2Te3 to other quantum materials, traditional semiconductors, and even electron irradiation sensitive materials.

三维拓扑绝缘体(TIs)中的磁性掺杂剂为在无需外部磁场的情况下实现量子反常霍尔效应(QAHE)提供了一条前景广阔的途径。了解磁性掺杂元素的位点占有率与其对宏观特性的影响之间的关系对于控制 QAHE 至关重要。通过将像差校正扫描透射电子显微镜(AC-STEM)获得的原子尺度能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDS)图与新颖的数据处理方法(包括半自动晶格平均化和帧注册)相结合,我们确定了 1.2% 锰掺杂 Sb2Te3 晶体中锰原子的置换位点。更重要的是,本研究开发的方法不仅适用于掺锰 Sb2Te3,还适用于其他量子材料、传统半导体,甚至电子辐照敏感材料。
{"title":"Atomic-Scale Characterization of Dilute Dopants in Topological Insulators via STEM-EDS Using Registration and Cell Averaging Techniques.","authors":"Min-Chul Kang, Farhan Islam, Jiaqiang Yan, David Vaknin, Robert J McQueeney, Ping Lu, Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic dopants in three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) offer a promising avenue for realizing the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) without the necessity for an external magnetic field. Understanding the relationship between site occupancy of magnetic dopant elements and their effect on macroscopic property is crucial for controlling the QAHE. By combining atomic-scale energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps obtained by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) and novel data processing methodologies, including semi-automatic lattice averaging and frame registration, we have determined the substitutional sites of Mn atoms within the 1.2% Mn-doped Sb2Te3 crystal. More importantly, the methodology developed in this study extends beyond Mn-doped Sb2Te3 to other quantum materials, traditional semiconductors, and even electron irradiation sensitive materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"807-816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Utilization of Advanced Microscopy Techniques and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy to Characterize Three Piper Species Related to Kava. 利用先进的显微镜技术和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析与卡瓦相关的三种胡椒的特性。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae095
Sebastian John Adams, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan

Macro- and microscopic techniques have long been used to describe plant materials and establish plant structural profiles. These techniques are commonly used in botanical authentication to identify the genuine and closely allied species used in botanical research. Advanced microscopic techniques were used in this study to differentiate three different Piper species used as kava or kava-kava. The genuine species is Piper methysticum and the other two species commonly called false-kava or kava-kava, are Piper auritum and Piper excelsum. Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, are characteristic of P. methysticum, whereas the stem of P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and the P. excelsum stem is purple-pink. Microscopic attributes include the characteristic collenchyma of stems and the pattern of arrangement of peripheral and medullary vascular bundles. The starch grains are smaller in P. excelsum than in the other two species. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the crystals indicates the expected calcium, magnesium, and silica, along with lesser amounts of sodium, and potassium. The crystals present in the Piper species vary in shape, size, and elemental composition. Combining macro- and microscopical techniques and resulting characteristics are instrumental in differentiating the three Piper species.

长期以来,人们一直使用宏观和显微技术来描述植物材料和确定植物结构轮廓。这些技术通常用于植物鉴定,以鉴别植物学研究中使用的真品和近缘物种。本研究使用先进的显微镜技术来区分用作卡瓦或卡瓦卡瓦的三个不同的胡椒品种。真正的品种是 Piper methysticum,另外两个通常被称为假卡瓦或卡瓦卡瓦的品种是 Piper auritum 和 Piper excelsum。Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, is characteristic of Piper methysticum, whereas P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and P. excelsum stem is purple-pink.显微特征包括茎部特有的充质层以及外围维管束和髓质维管束的排列模式。P. excelsum 的淀粉粒比其他两个物种的要小。晶体的能量色散 X 射线光谱分析显示出预期的钙、镁和二氧化硅,以及较少量的钠和钾。派珀品种的晶体在形状、大小和元素组成上各不相同。结合宏观和显微镜技术以及由此产生的特征有助于区分这三种瓜蒌属植物。
{"title":"Utilization of Advanced Microscopy Techniques and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy to Characterize Three Piper Species Related to Kava.","authors":"Sebastian John Adams, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae095","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macro- and microscopic techniques have long been used to describe plant materials and establish plant structural profiles. These techniques are commonly used in botanical authentication to identify the genuine and closely allied species used in botanical research. Advanced microscopic techniques were used in this study to differentiate three different Piper species used as kava or kava-kava. The genuine species is Piper methysticum and the other two species commonly called false-kava or kava-kava, are Piper auritum and Piper excelsum. Macroscopic characteristics, including a black-spotted stem and fibrous root, are characteristic of P. methysticum, whereas the stem of P. auritum is greenish with no spots, and the P. excelsum stem is purple-pink. Microscopic attributes include the characteristic collenchyma of stems and the pattern of arrangement of peripheral and medullary vascular bundles. The starch grains are smaller in P. excelsum than in the other two species. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the crystals indicates the expected calcium, magnesium, and silica, along with lesser amounts of sodium, and potassium. The crystals present in the Piper species vary in shape, size, and elemental composition. Combining macro- and microscopical techniques and resulting characteristics are instrumental in differentiating the three Piper species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1021-1031"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ecofaunistic Study and Egg Morphology: Egg Laying Behavior of Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) Newly Recorded From the Karabük Province of Western Black Sea (Türkiye). 生态群落研究与卵形态学:西黑海卡拉比克省(土耳其)新记录的水螅(Hydrometra stagnorum)(林尼厄斯,1753 年)(啮齿目:异翅目)产卵行为。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae073
Hakan Ozdamar, Suat Kiyak

This study examines the egg-laying behavior and egg morphology of Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) to provide ecofaunistic information about the species. Newly recorded H. stagnorum samples were collected from the Karabük province of Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. Physicochemical parameters of the water were also recorded. The morphology and egg-laying behavior of H. stagnorum eggs were identified using a stereo, light and electron microscopy. Mature eggs were observed to be blackish dark brown in color. The study reveals distinctive characteristics of the egg structure and micropyle areas, which may contribute to the classification of the species at the subfamily level. Additionally, it was found that H. stagnorum inhabits high-quality waters.

本研究考察了水螅(Hydrometra stagnorum)(林尼厄斯,1753 年)(Gerromorpha:异翅目)的产卵行为和卵形态,以提供有关该物种的生态环境信息。从土耳其西黑海地区的卡拉比克省采集了新记录的水螅样本。同时还记录了水体的理化参数。使用立体、光学和电子显微镜鉴定了死水蛙卵的形态和产卵行为。观察到成熟的卵呈黑褐色。该研究揭示了卵结构和微孔区域的独特特征,这可能有助于在亚科水平上对该物种进行分类。此外,研究还发现 H. stagnorum 栖息于优质水域。
{"title":"Ecofaunistic Study and Egg Morphology: Egg Laying Behavior of Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) Newly Recorded From the Karabük Province of Western Black Sea (Türkiye).","authors":"Hakan Ozdamar, Suat Kiyak","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the egg-laying behavior and egg morphology of Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Gerromorpha: Heteroptera) to provide ecofaunistic information about the species. Newly recorded H. stagnorum samples were collected from the Karabük province of Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. Physicochemical parameters of the water were also recorded. The morphology and egg-laying behavior of H. stagnorum eggs were identified using a stereo, light and electron microscopy. Mature eggs were observed to be blackish dark brown in color. The study reveals distinctive characteristics of the egg structure and micropyle areas, which may contribute to the classification of the species at the subfamily level. Additionally, it was found that H. stagnorum inhabits high-quality waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"978-984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testing Outlier Detection Algorithms for Identifying Early Stage Solute Clusters in Atom Probe Tomography. 测试在原子探针断层扫描中识别早期溶质团的离群值检测算法。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae076
Ryan S Stroud, Ayham Al-Saffar, Megan Carter, Michael P Moody, Stella Pedrazzini, Mark R Wenman

Atom probe tomography (APT) is commonly used to study solute clustering and precipitation in materials. However, standard techniques used to identify and characterize clusters within atom probe data, such as the density-based spatial clustering applications with noise (DBSCAN), often underperform with respect to small clusters. This is a limitation of density-based cluster identification algorithms, due to their dependence on the parameter Nmin, an arbitrary lower limit placed on detectable cluster sizes. Therefore, this article attempts to consider the characterization of clustering in atom probe data as an outlier detection problem of which k-nearest neighbors local outlier factor and learnable unified neighborhood-based anomaly ranking algorithms were tested against a simulated dataset and compared to the standard method. The decision score output of the algorithms was then auto thresholded by the Karcher mean to remove human bias. Each of the major models tested outperforms DBSCAN for cluster sizes of <25 atoms but underperforms for sizes >30 atoms using simulated data. However, the new combined k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and DBSCAN method presented was able to perform well at all cluster sizes. The combined k-NN and seven methods are presented as a new approach to identifying clusters in APT.

原子探针层析成像(APT)通常用于研究材料中的溶质聚类和沉淀。然而,用于识别和描述原子探针数据中的聚类的标准技术,如基于密度的空间聚类噪声应用(DBSCAN),往往在小聚类方面表现不佳。这是基于密度的聚类识别算法的局限性,因为它们依赖于参数 Nmin,而 Nmin 是对可探测聚类大小的任意下限。因此,本文尝试将原子探针数据中的聚类特征描述视为离群点检测问题,通过模拟数据集测试了 k 近邻局部离群点因子和基于可学习统一邻域的异常排序算法,并将其与标准方法进行了比较。然后,算法输出的判定分数通过 Karcher 平均值自动阈值化,以消除人为偏差。在使用模拟数据对 30 个原子的聚类大小进行测试时,每个主要模型的性能都优于 DBSCAN。不过,新提出的 k-近邻(k-NN)和 DBSCAN 组合方法在所有聚类规模下都表现出色。本文提出的 k-NN 和七种组合方法是在 APT 中识别聚类的一种新方法。
{"title":"Testing Outlier Detection Algorithms for Identifying Early Stage Solute Clusters in Atom Probe Tomography.","authors":"Ryan S Stroud, Ayham Al-Saffar, Megan Carter, Michael P Moody, Stella Pedrazzini, Mark R Wenman","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae076","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atom probe tomography (APT) is commonly used to study solute clustering and precipitation in materials. However, standard techniques used to identify and characterize clusters within atom probe data, such as the density-based spatial clustering applications with noise (DBSCAN), often underperform with respect to small clusters. This is a limitation of density-based cluster identification algorithms, due to their dependence on the parameter Nmin, an arbitrary lower limit placed on detectable cluster sizes. Therefore, this article attempts to consider the characterization of clustering in atom probe data as an outlier detection problem of which k-nearest neighbors local outlier factor and learnable unified neighborhood-based anomaly ranking algorithms were tested against a simulated dataset and compared to the standard method. The decision score output of the algorithms was then auto thresholded by the Karcher mean to remove human bias. Each of the major models tested outperforms DBSCAN for cluster sizes of <25 atoms but underperforms for sizes >30 atoms using simulated data. However, the new combined k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and DBSCAN method presented was able to perform well at all cluster sizes. The combined k-NN and seven methods are presented as a new approach to identifying clusters in APT.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"853-865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rubidium and Cesium Ion-Induced Electron and Ion Signals for Scanning Ion Microscopy Applications. 用于扫描离子显微镜应用的铷和铯离子诱导电子和离子信号。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae087
Yang Li, Sheng Xu, Thomas H Loeber, Edgar J D Vredenbregt

Scanning ion microscopy applications of novel focused ion beam (FIB) systems based on ultracold rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atoms were investigated via ion-induced electron and ion yields. Results measured on the Rb+ and Cs+ FIB systems were compared with results from commercially available gallium (Ga+) FIB systems to verify the merits of applying Rb+ and Cs+ for imaging. The comparison shows that Rb+ and Cs+ have higher secondary electron (SE) yields on a variety of pure element targets than Ga+, which implies a higher signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved for the same dose in SE imaging using Rb+/Cs+ than Ga+. In addition, analysis of the ion-induced ion signals reveals that secondary ions dominate Cs+ induced ion signals while the Rb+/Ga+ induced signals contain more backscattered ions.

通过离子诱导电子和离子产率,研究了基于超冷铷原子(Rb)和铯原子(Cs)的新型聚焦离子束(FIB)系统的扫描离子显微镜应用。将 Rb+ 和 Cs+ FIB 系统测得的结果与市售镓(Ga+)FIB 系统测得的结果进行了比较,以验证将 Rb+ 和 Cs+ 用于成像的优点。比较结果表明,在各种纯元素靶上,Rb+和Cs+的二次电子(SE)产率均高于Ga+,这意味着在相同剂量下,使用Rb+/Cs+进行SE成像可获得比Ga+更高的信噪比。此外,对离子诱导离子信号的分析表明,二次离子在 Cs+ 诱导的离子信号中占主导地位,而 Rb+/Ga+ 诱导的信号则包含更多的后向散射离子。
{"title":"Rubidium and Cesium Ion-Induced Electron and Ion Signals for Scanning Ion Microscopy Applications.","authors":"Yang Li, Sheng Xu, Thomas H Loeber, Edgar J D Vredenbregt","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scanning ion microscopy applications of novel focused ion beam (FIB) systems based on ultracold rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atoms were investigated via ion-induced electron and ion yields. Results measured on the Rb+ and Cs+ FIB systems were compared with results from commercially available gallium (Ga+) FIB systems to verify the merits of applying Rb+ and Cs+ for imaging. The comparison shows that Rb+ and Cs+ have higher secondary electron (SE) yields on a variety of pure element targets than Ga+, which implies a higher signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved for the same dose in SE imaging using Rb+/Cs+ than Ga+. In addition, analysis of the ion-induced ion signals reveals that secondary ions dominate Cs+ induced ion signals while the Rb+/Ga+ induced signals contain more backscattered ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"817-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-fidelity Image Restoration of Large 3D Electron Microscopy Volume. 大体积三维电子显微镜的高保真图像复原
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae098
Yuri Kreinin, Pat Gunn, Dmitri Chklovskii, Jingpeng Wu

Volume electron microscopy (VEM) is an essential tool for studying biological structures. Due to the challenges of sample preparation and continuous volumetric imaging, image artifacts are almost inevitable. Such image artifacts complicate further processing both for automated computer vision methods and human experts. Unfortunately, the widely used contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) can alter the essential relative contrast information about some biological structures. We developed an image-processing pipeline to remove the artifacts and enhance the images without CLAHE. We apply our method to VEM datasets of a Microwasp head. We demonstrate that our method restores the images with high fidelity while preserving the original relative contrast. This pipeline is adaptable to other VEM datasets.

体电子显微镜(VEM)是研究生物结构的重要工具。由于样品制备和连续体积成像的挑战,图像伪影几乎是不可避免的。对于自动计算机视觉方法和人类专家来说,这些图像伪影都会使进一步处理复杂化。遗憾的是,广泛使用的对比度受限自适应直方图均衡(CLAHE)会改变一些生物结构的基本相对对比度信息。我们开发了一种图像处理管道,可以在不使用 CLAHE 的情况下去除伪影并增强图像。我们将这种方法应用于 Microwasp 头部的 VEM 数据集。结果表明,我们的方法在保持原始相对对比度的同时,还能高保真地还原图像。该管道可适用于其他 VEM 数据集。
{"title":"High-fidelity Image Restoration of Large 3D Electron Microscopy Volume.","authors":"Yuri Kreinin, Pat Gunn, Dmitri Chklovskii, Jingpeng Wu","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volume electron microscopy (VEM) is an essential tool for studying biological structures. Due to the challenges of sample preparation and continuous volumetric imaging, image artifacts are almost inevitable. Such image artifacts complicate further processing both for automated computer vision methods and human experts. Unfortunately, the widely used contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) can alter the essential relative contrast information about some biological structures. We developed an image-processing pipeline to remove the artifacts and enhance the images without CLAHE. We apply our method to VEM datasets of a Microwasp head. We demonstrate that our method restores the images with high fidelity while preserving the original relative contrast. This pipeline is adaptable to other VEM datasets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"889-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142469916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Operando Freezing Cryogenic Electron Microscopy of Active Battery Materials. 活性电池材料的操作性冷冻低温电子显微镜。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae097
Nikita S Dutta, Gerard Michael Carroll, Nathan R Neale, Sang-Don Han, Mowafak Al-Jassim, Katherine Jungjohann

Understanding structural and chemical evolution of battery materials during operation is critical to achieving safe, efficient, and long-lasting energy storage. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a valuable tool in battery characterization, leveraging low temperatures to improve stability of sensitive materials under electron beam irradiation. However, typical cryo-EM sample preparations leave extended time between the electrochemical point of interest and ex situ freezing of samples, during which active structures may relax, degrade, or otherwise evolve. Here, we detail a method for operando freezing cryo-EM to preserve and characterize native electrode and interfacial structures that arise during battery cycling, based on an operando plunge freezer and cold sample removal process. We validate the method on multiple electrode materials and quantify and discuss the freezing rate achieved. Operando freezing cryo-EM can be used to directly visualize transient features that arise at active electrochemical interfaces, to enable deeper understanding of structural evolution and interfacial chemistry in batteries and other electrochemical systems.

了解电池材料在运行过程中的结构和化学演变对于实现安全、高效和持久的能源储存至关重要。低温电子显微镜(cryo-EM)利用低温提高敏感材料在电子束照射下的稳定性,已成为电池表征的重要工具。然而,典型的低温电子显微镜样品制备需要在感兴趣的电化学点和样品原位冷冻之间留出较长的时间,在此期间活性结构可能会松弛、退化或发生其他变化。在此,我们详细介绍了一种基于操作式冷冻机和冷样品移除过程的操作式冷冻-EM 方法,用于保存和表征电池循环过程中出现的原生电极和界面结构。我们在多种电极材料上验证了该方法,并对所实现的冷冻率进行了量化和讨论。操作冷冻冷冻电子显微镜可用于直接观察活跃电化学界面上出现的瞬态特征,从而加深对电池和其他电化学系统中结构演变和界面化学的理解。
{"title":"Operando Freezing Cryogenic Electron Microscopy of Active Battery Materials.","authors":"Nikita S Dutta, Gerard Michael Carroll, Nathan R Neale, Sang-Don Han, Mowafak Al-Jassim, Katherine Jungjohann","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding structural and chemical evolution of battery materials during operation is critical to achieving safe, efficient, and long-lasting energy storage. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has become a valuable tool in battery characterization, leveraging low temperatures to improve stability of sensitive materials under electron beam irradiation. However, typical cryo-EM sample preparations leave extended time between the electrochemical point of interest and ex situ freezing of samples, during which active structures may relax, degrade, or otherwise evolve. Here, we detail a method for operando freezing cryo-EM to preserve and characterize native electrode and interfacial structures that arise during battery cycling, based on an operando plunge freezer and cold sample removal process. We validate the method on multiple electrode materials and quantify and discuss the freezing rate achieved. Operando freezing cryo-EM can be used to directly visualize transient features that arise at active electrochemical interfaces, to enable deeper understanding of structural evolution and interfacial chemistry in batteries and other electrochemical systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"844-852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Micromorphological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks From Karak, Pakistan. 来自巴基斯坦卡拉克的 Heliotropium rariflorum 种群的微形态学和植物化学评估。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae085
Noor Ul Uza, Ghulam Dastagir

Micromorphological and phytochemical studies play a major role in quality control and standardization of traditional or herbal medications. In the present research, micromorphological assessment of Heliotropium rarifloum stocks was performed through light and scanning electron microscopies (LM & SEM). The anatomy of leaves, stem and root showed salient histological features. Both surfaces of the leaves had setose glandular trichomes measuring 20-38 × 6-15 µm. The lower epidermis had comparatively a maximum anomocytic stomata (16-35) and stomatal index (12-33). The mature pollen grains were small (74 µm) and spheroidal shaped, with psilate exine (2 μm) sculpturing. Vein termination and vein islet number of the upper epidermis were 5-20 and 5-15, respectively. The palisade ratio of the leaf lamina for the upper and lower epidermis was 2-10 and 2-8. LM and SEM of the powdered samples displayed crystals, phloem fibers, xylem, vessels, sieve tube elements, companion cells, and tracheids. Extractive values determination, fluorescence, and phytochemical analysis were employed for quality control according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Phytochemical screening revealed various secondary metabolites. It is suggested that H. rariflorum might be a reliable source of nutrients and secondary metabolites and might be more medically effective. The current findings confirm its standardization and validation.

微形态学和植物化学研究在传统或草药的质量控制和标准化方面发挥着重要作用。本研究通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(LM 和 SEM)对 Heliotropium rarifloum 种群进行了微形态学评估。叶、茎和根的解剖显示出显著的组织学特征。叶片两面都有刚毛状腺毛,大小为 20-38 × 6-15 µm。下表皮的异形气孔(16-35 个)和气孔指数(12-33 个)相对最大。成熟的花粉粒较小(74 µm),呈球形,有菱形外皮(2 µm)。上表皮的叶脉末端和叶脉小岛数量分别为 5-20 个和 5-15 个。上表皮和下表皮叶片的栅栏比分别为 2-10 和 2-8 。粉末样品的 LM 和 SEM 显示了晶体、韧皮部纤维、木质部、血管、筛管元件、伴细胞和管胞。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的指导方针,采用萃取值测定、荧光和植物化学分析进行质量控制。植物化学筛选发现了多种次生代谢物。研究表明,H. rariflorum 可能是营养物质和次生代谢物的可靠来源,并可能具有更好的医疗效果。目前的研究结果证实了其标准化和有效性。
{"title":"Micromorphological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks From Karak, Pakistan.","authors":"Noor Ul Uza, Ghulam Dastagir","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micromorphological and phytochemical studies play a major role in quality control and standardization of traditional or herbal medications. In the present research, micromorphological assessment of Heliotropium rarifloum stocks was performed through light and scanning electron microscopies (LM & SEM). The anatomy of leaves, stem and root showed salient histological features. Both surfaces of the leaves had setose glandular trichomes measuring 20-38 × 6-15 µm. The lower epidermis had comparatively a maximum anomocytic stomata (16-35) and stomatal index (12-33). The mature pollen grains were small (74 µm) and spheroidal shaped, with psilate exine (2 μm) sculpturing. Vein termination and vein islet number of the upper epidermis were 5-20 and 5-15, respectively. The palisade ratio of the leaf lamina for the upper and lower epidermis was 2-10 and 2-8. LM and SEM of the powdered samples displayed crystals, phloem fibers, xylem, vessels, sieve tube elements, companion cells, and tracheids. Extractive values determination, fluorescence, and phytochemical analysis were employed for quality control according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Phytochemical screening revealed various secondary metabolites. It is suggested that H. rariflorum might be a reliable source of nutrients and secondary metabolites and might be more medically effective. The current findings confirm its standardization and validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"985-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The 4D Camera: An 87 kHz Direct Electron Detector for Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopy. 4D 相机:用于扫描/透射电子显微镜的 87 kHz 直接电子探测器。
IF 2.9 4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae086
Peter Ercius, Ian J Johnson, Philipp Pelz, Benjamin H Savitzky, Lauren Hughes, Hamish G Brown, Steven E Zeltmann, Shang-Lin Hsu, Cassio C S Pedroso, Bruce E Cohen, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, David Paul, John M Joseph, Thorsten Stezelberger, Cory Czarnik, Matthew Lent, Erin Fong, Jim Ciston, Mary C Scott, Colin Ophus, Andrew M Minor, Peter Denes

We describe the development, operation, and application of the 4D Camera-a 576 by 576 pixel active pixel sensor for scanning/transmission electron microscopy which operates at 87,000 Hz. The detector generates data at ∼480 Gbit/s which is captured by dedicated receiver computers with a parallelized software infrastructure that has been implemented to process the resulting 10-700 Gigabyte-sized raw datasets. The back illuminated detector provides the ability to detect single electron events at accelerating voltages from 30 to 300 kV. Through electron counting, the resulting sparse data sets are reduced in size by 10--300× compared to the raw data, and open-source sparsity-based processing algorithms offer rapid data analysis. The high frame rate allows for large and complex scanning diffraction experiments to be accomplished with typical scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning parameters.

我们介绍了 4D 相机的开发、运行和应用情况--这是一种用于扫描/透射电子显微镜的 576 x 576 像素有源像素传感器,工作频率为 87,000 Hz。探测器以 ∼480 Gbit/s 的速度生成数据,由专用接收计算机捕获,并通过并行化软件基础设施对生成的 10-700 千兆字节大小的原始数据集进行处理。背照式探测器能够在 30 至 300 千伏的加速电压下探测单个电子事件。通过电子计数,稀疏数据集的大小比原始数据缩小了10-300倍,基于稀疏性的开源处理算法可提供快速的数据分析。高帧频允许使用典型的扫描透射电子显微镜扫描参数完成大型复杂的扫描衍射实验。
{"title":"The 4D Camera: An 87 kHz Direct Electron Detector for Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopy.","authors":"Peter Ercius, Ian J Johnson, Philipp Pelz, Benjamin H Savitzky, Lauren Hughes, Hamish G Brown, Steven E Zeltmann, Shang-Lin Hsu, Cassio C S Pedroso, Bruce E Cohen, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, David Paul, John M Joseph, Thorsten Stezelberger, Cory Czarnik, Matthew Lent, Erin Fong, Jim Ciston, Mary C Scott, Colin Ophus, Andrew M Minor, Peter Denes","doi":"10.1093/mam/ozae086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/mam/ozae086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the development, operation, and application of the 4D Camera-a 576 by 576 pixel active pixel sensor for scanning/transmission electron microscopy which operates at 87,000 Hz. The detector generates data at ∼480 Gbit/s which is captured by dedicated receiver computers with a parallelized software infrastructure that has been implemented to process the resulting 10-700 Gigabyte-sized raw datasets. The back illuminated detector provides the ability to detect single electron events at accelerating voltages from 30 to 300 kV. Through electron counting, the resulting sparse data sets are reduced in size by 10--300× compared to the raw data, and open-source sparsity-based processing algorithms offer rapid data analysis. The high frame rate allows for large and complex scanning diffraction experiments to be accomplished with typical scanning transmission electron microscopy scanning parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":18625,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy and Microanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"903-912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Microscopy and Microanalysis
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1