Pub Date : 2023-01-24DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230124102142
H. Gondal, Muhammad Nisar, Z. M. Cheema, K. Iqbal, A. Munir, Sadia Zaidi, Ahmed Abbaskhan
Alkoxmethyl heterocycles play a significant role as bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical and bifunctional ligands in synthetic organic chemistry. N-Alkoxmethylation can lead toward multipurpose mixed acetals, natural product precursors, and task-specific functionalized ionic liquids. This report provides a comprehensive account of the synthesis and perspectives applications of alkoxymethyl azaheterocycles. The first part gives a detailed account of the different synthetic strategies employed to access N-alkoxy methyl heterocyclic compounds. The second part deals with their applications, owing to the unique reactivity of the alkoxymethyl group and the nature of heterocycle. Besides diverse biological and synthetic applications, alkoxymethyl benzotriazoles also provide substantial scope as a versatile anion stabilizer that can lead to diverse oxygen functionalities.
{"title":"Synthesis and Applications of N-Alkoxymethylated Azaheterocycles","authors":"H. Gondal, Muhammad Nisar, Z. M. Cheema, K. Iqbal, A. Munir, Sadia Zaidi, Ahmed Abbaskhan","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230124102142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230124102142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Alkoxmethyl heterocycles play a significant role as bioactive compounds in pharmaceutical and bifunctional ligands in synthetic organic chemistry. N-Alkoxmethylation can lead toward multipurpose mixed acetals, natural product precursors, and task-specific functionalized ionic liquids. This report provides a comprehensive account of the synthesis and perspectives applications of alkoxymethyl azaheterocycles. The first part gives a detailed account of the different synthetic strategies employed to access N-alkoxy methyl heterocyclic compounds. The second part deals with their applications, owing to the unique reactivity of the alkoxymethyl group and the nature of heterocycle. Besides diverse biological and synthetic applications, alkoxymethyl benzotriazoles also provide substantial scope as a versatile anion stabilizer that can lead to diverse oxygen functionalities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42635038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-17DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230117105443
Norma Rodríguez-Laguna, Jeovani González-Barbosa, A. R. Hipólito-Nájera, Rodolfo Gómez-Balderas, Rosario Moya-Hernández
In the field of Chemistry, it is essential to study molecules with biological activity on chronic degenerative diseases to design drugs that help to improve the health of people with diseases such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, among others; and that in turn may have fewer side effects. Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide; due to the illness severe affectations, there is a great interest in improving pharmacological treatments (hypoglycemic drugs) used in this disease. Nowadays, it has been reported that metallodrugs and drug-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds have higher therapeutic activity than free drugs, with fewer side effects. In the present work, we compile, analyze, synthesize and discuss published information on the hypoglycemic drugs Metformin (C4H11N5), Chlorpropamide (C10H13ClN2O3S) and Glibenclamide (C23H28ClN3O5S) complexed with metal ions or included in cyclodextrins in aqueous solution. Nowadays, this type of complex should be widely studied for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physicochemical and thermodynamic properties, synthesis, mechanism of action, as well as analytical studies on the interaction of hypoglycemic agents with different complexing agents, are discussed.
{"title":"Metformin, Chlorpropamide, and Glibenclamide: Interactions with Metal Ions and Cyclodextrins","authors":"Norma Rodríguez-Laguna, Jeovani González-Barbosa, A. R. Hipólito-Nájera, Rodolfo Gómez-Balderas, Rosario Moya-Hernández","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230117105443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230117105443","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the field of Chemistry, it is essential to study molecules with biological activity on chronic degenerative diseases to design drugs that help to improve the health of people with diseases such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, among others; and that in turn may have fewer side effects. Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide; due to the illness severe affectations, there is a great interest in improving pharmacological treatments (hypoglycemic drugs) used in this disease. Nowadays, it has been reported that metallodrugs and drug-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds have higher therapeutic activity than free drugs, with fewer side effects. In the present work, we compile, analyze, synthesize and discuss published information on the hypoglycemic drugs Metformin (C4H11N5), Chlorpropamide (C10H13ClN2O3S) and Glibenclamide (C23H28ClN3O5S) complexed with metal ions or included in cyclodextrins in aqueous solution. Nowadays, this type of complex should be widely studied for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physicochemical and thermodynamic properties, synthesis, mechanism of action, as well as analytical studies on the interaction of hypoglycemic agents with different complexing agents, are discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45859854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230111121937
M. Gouda, M. A. Salem, M. Helal, M. Al‐Ghorbani, A. Deeb, Eman A. Baz
Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is an organic compound with the formula C16H36FN. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated (C16H42FNO3). It is soluble in water and THF and utilized as a base in the preparation of triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors, conjugated dienoic acid esters, and polyacetylenic glucosides. This review aims to summarize the chemistry of TBAF.
{"title":"Tetra-n-Butyl Ammonium Fluoride (TBAF) as an Efficient\u0000Catalyst","authors":"M. Gouda, M. A. Salem, M. Helal, M. Al‐Ghorbani, A. Deeb, Eman A. Baz","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230111121937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230111121937","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) is an organic compound with the formula C16H36FN. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated (C16H42FNO3). It is soluble in water and THF and utilized as a base in the preparation of triple monoamine reuptake inhibitors, conjugated dienoic acid esters, and polyacetylenic glucosides. This review aims to summarize the chemistry of TBAF.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68075620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666230102105854
Leena Khanna, Manish Jain, Shilpa Yadav, Mansi, N. Misra, P. Khanna
Copper complexes have biological applications as well as catalytic importance in performing organic reactions. Besides finding utilities in metalloproteins, enzymes, or molecular magnetism, they have been used extensively as catalysts in the formation ofcarbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds, in addition to many other reactions. This has been achieved by the rational selection of the organic ligands with suitable coordination sites for attaining ideal geometries. The binding of one such organic ligand, bisbenzimidazole, with copper results in complexes with varied shapes, structures, and activities, enhancing their catalytic potential and hence useful applications. This review describes the catalytic applications of bisbenzimidazole based copper (II)/(I) complexes in various useful organic transformations. It also provides an in-depth knowledge of the mechanistic pathways of the transformations involving copper complexes and their multipurpose utility as catalysts, which may help in the development of improved copper catalysts for the future.
{"title":"Copper-bisbenzimidazole complexes as biomimetic catalysts in organic transformations","authors":"Leena Khanna, Manish Jain, Shilpa Yadav, Mansi, N. Misra, P. Khanna","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666230102105854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666230102105854","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Copper complexes have biological applications as well as catalytic importance in performing organic reactions. Besides finding utilities in metalloproteins, enzymes, or molecular magnetism, they have been used extensively as catalysts in the formation ofcarbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds, in addition to many other reactions. This has been achieved by the rational selection of the organic ligands with suitable coordination sites for attaining ideal geometries. The binding of one such organic ligand, bisbenzimidazole, with copper results in complexes with varied shapes, structures, and activities, enhancing their catalytic potential and hence useful applications. This review describes the catalytic applications of bisbenzimidazole based copper (II)/(I) complexes in various useful organic transformations. It also provides an in-depth knowledge of the mechanistic pathways of the transformations involving copper complexes and their multipurpose utility as catalysts, which may help in the development of improved copper catalysts for the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41689852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666221216145900
G. Peng, Jinlu Chen, Dongyang Xu, Shuai Shuai Guo, Zui Tao, Long ChengLiangJin, Yuyun Liu, Xiaoli Chen
Uranium, the primary fuel source for nuclear power reactors, is one of the most crucial components in new energy production. Currently, uranium is mainly mined from land ore, which will be exhausted within 200 years. As the world's largest uranium reservoir, the ocean is an ideal source for people to obtain these industrial resources. However, the low concentration of uranium (typically about 3.3ug/L) in seawater poses a great challenge for the project uranium extraction from seawater. The porous aromatic framework (PAF)is a new type of porous nano-solid material with chemical stability, robust framework, and inherent porosity, making itself being the promising material for uranium capturing from aqueous solutions. The progress and advancements of PAFs and PAF-based materials as adsorbents for uranium extraction from aqueous solutions are detailed in this review. Then, several common utilized ways to enhance PAF-based materials’ adsorption performance are discussed. Finally, the authors make a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of this kind of nanomaterials to provide some relevant information on designing PAFs and PAF-based materials for Uranium Extraction from seawater.
{"title":"Porous Aromatic Framework-based Materials: superior Adsorbents for Uranium Extraction from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"G. Peng, Jinlu Chen, Dongyang Xu, Shuai Shuai Guo, Zui Tao, Long ChengLiangJin, Yuyun Liu, Xiaoli Chen","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666221216145900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666221216145900","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Uranium, the primary fuel source for nuclear power reactors, is one of the most crucial components in new energy production. Currently, uranium is mainly mined from land ore, which will be exhausted within 200 years. As the world's largest uranium reservoir, the ocean is an ideal source for people to obtain these industrial resources. However, the low concentration of uranium (typically about 3.3ug/L) in seawater poses a great challenge for the project uranium extraction from seawater. The porous aromatic framework (PAF)is a new type of porous nano-solid material with chemical stability, robust framework, and inherent porosity, making itself being the promising material for uranium capturing from aqueous solutions. The progress and advancements of PAFs and PAF-based materials as adsorbents for uranium extraction from aqueous solutions are detailed in this review. Then, several common utilized ways to enhance PAF-based materials’ adsorption performance are discussed. Finally, the authors make a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of this kind of nanomaterials to provide some relevant information on designing PAFs and PAF-based materials for Uranium Extraction from seawater.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666221207095134
S. Soltani
Developing some methods for the synthesis of various N-heterocyclic compounds has been the subject of intense interest regarding their significant pharmaceutical applications. Pyrrolopyrazines, as an important group of fused N-heterocycles, possess a variety of biological effects. With the rise in the number of papers on the synthesis of pyrrolopyrazine derivations and evaluation of their biological activities, a more in-depth understanding of the most recent and authentic information about the chemistry and synthetic approaches of this class of N-heterocyclic compounds might be beneficial. This review provides a broad survey of the reported synthetic approaches for the preparation of pyrrolopyrazines. The focus of this study is on the annulation methods starting from pyrrole and pyrazine cores. Also, the chemistry of the pyrrolopyrazines scaffold is briefly discussed.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on the synthesis and functionalization of pyrrolopyrazines and its derivatives","authors":"S. Soltani","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666221207095134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666221207095134","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Developing some methods for the synthesis of various N-heterocyclic compounds has been the subject of intense interest regarding their significant pharmaceutical applications. Pyrrolopyrazines, as an important group of fused N-heterocycles, possess a variety of biological effects. With the rise in the number of papers on the synthesis of pyrrolopyrazine derivations and evaluation of their biological activities, a more in-depth understanding of the most recent and authentic information about the chemistry and synthetic approaches of this class of N-heterocyclic compounds might be beneficial. This review provides a broad survey of the reported synthetic approaches for the preparation of pyrrolopyrazines. The focus of this study is on the annulation methods starting from pyrrole and pyrazine cores. Also, the chemistry of the pyrrolopyrazines scaffold is briefly discussed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43717128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666221205163624
A. Abu‐Hashem, A. El-Gazzar, H. Hafez, Ahmed A. M. Abdelgawa, M. Gouda
In this review article, many thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives are shown from many aspects, including different preparation and processing methods, by the use of recent systems and high technology. This review includes many chemical reactions that show the preparation of thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives from arylaldehyde, arylamine derivatives, and other chemical reagents.
{"title":"Synthesis and Reactions of Thieno[2,3-c]quinolines from Arylaldehyde and Arylamine Derivatives: A Review (Part VIII)","authors":"A. Abu‐Hashem, A. El-Gazzar, H. Hafez, Ahmed A. M. Abdelgawa, M. Gouda","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666221205163624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666221205163624","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this review article, many thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives are shown from many aspects, including different preparation and processing methods, by the use of recent systems and high technology. This review includes many chemical reactions that show the preparation of thieno[2,3-c]quinoline derivatives from arylaldehyde, arylamine derivatives, and other chemical reagents.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.2174/1570193x20666221201113822
Anjaneyulu Bendi, Versha, Ravi Rana
In medicinal chemistry, Dihydropyrimidinone-based heterocycle scaffolds have attained a prominent place due to their enormous pharmacological and biological activities. The discovery and development of innovative drugs to combat a wide range of diseases exemplify the utility of these compounds. The present study summarizes the variety of methods available to synthesize various dihydropyrimidinone-based heterocycle scaffolds and their beneficial medicinal properties with the available literature until 2022.
{"title":"Chemistry of Medicinally important Dihydropyrimidinone-based Heterocycle Scaffolds","authors":"Anjaneyulu Bendi, Versha, Ravi Rana","doi":"10.2174/1570193x20666221201113822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1570193x20666221201113822","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In medicinal chemistry, Dihydropyrimidinone-based heterocycle scaffolds have attained a prominent place due to their enormous pharmacological and biological activities. The discovery and development of innovative drugs to combat a wide range of diseases exemplify the utility of these compounds. The present study summarizes the variety of methods available to synthesize various dihydropyrimidinone-based heterocycle scaffolds and their beneficial medicinal properties with the available literature until 2022.\u0000","PeriodicalId":18632,"journal":{"name":"Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45026403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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