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Proceedings 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems最新文献

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Permanent fault repair for FPGAs with limited redundant area 有限冗余区域fpga的永久故障修复
Shu-Yi Yu, E. McCluskey
FPGA fault repair schemes remove faulty elements from designs through reconfiguration. In designs with high FPGA utilization, a sufficient number of routable fault-free elements may not be available for permanent fault repair. We present a new permanent fault repair scheme, in which the original design is reconfigured into another fault tolerant design that has smaller area, so the damaged element can be avoided. Three new schemes that fully utilize available fault-free area and provide low impact on availability are presented. Analytical results show that our schemes improve availability compared to a module removal approach. which removes a redundant module when it becomes faulty.
FPGA故障修复方案通过重新配置从设计中去除故障元件。在FPGA利用率高的设计中,足够数量的可路由无故障元件可能无法用于永久故障修复。提出了一种新的永久故障修复方案,该方案将原设计重新配置为另一种容错设计,使其具有较小的容错面积,从而避免损坏元件。提出了充分利用可用无故障区域、对可用性影响小的三种新方案。分析结果表明,与模块移除方法相比,我们的方案提高了可用性。当冗余模块出现故障时,删除冗余模块。
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引用次数: 33
A low-cost hardware approach to dependability validation of IPs ip可靠性验证的低成本硬件方法
R. Leveugle
It has been recognized that analyzing at an early stage of the design the potential faulty behaviors of a circuit becomes a major concern due to the increasing probability of transient faults. It has been proposed to carry out such an analysis using fault injections in a hardware prototype of the circuit under design. This paper reports on a low cost environment using such a flow. A simple FPGA-based development board is used to emulate the circuit and the execution results are analysed on a PC computer. A generic, scalable, approach is proposed to overcome the limitations of such a simple set-up. Such an environment can for example allow a designer to perform efficient and low cost dependability analyses for IP blocks.
由于瞬态故障的可能性越来越大,在设计的早期阶段分析电路的潜在故障行为已成为一个主要问题。已经提出了在设计电路的硬件原型中使用故障注入来进行这样的分析。本文报道了使用这种流程的低成本环境。利用一个简单的基于fpga的开发板对电路进行仿真,并在PC机上对执行结果进行分析。提出了一种通用的、可扩展的方法来克服这种简单设置的局限性。例如,这样的环境可以允许设计人员对IP块执行高效和低成本的可靠性分析。
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引用次数: 11
On variable-shift-based fault compensation of fuzzy controllers 基于变位移的模糊控制器故障补偿
N. Kamiura, M. Tomita, T. Isokawa, N. Matsui
In this paper we propose a fuzzy controller with the capability of compensating the influence of single stuck-at-faults in membership functions. To cope with the faults in each antecedent part, the degree in a candidate regarded as a faulty function is exchanged for one of the following: 0, the degree in the next function to the candidate, and the difference between the constant and the degree in the next function to the candidate. To cope with the faults in the consequent part, several fuzzy variables are shifted, and then the fuzzy inference is executed with the membership functions representing shifted variables. Experimental results for a commercial controller show that the influence of any single fault deviating the normal deterministic output of the controller is compensated completely.
本文提出了一种具有补偿隶属函数中单个故障卡滞影响的模糊控制器。为了处理每个先行部分的故障,将被视为故障函数的候选函数中的度数转换为以下一种:0,候选函数的下一个函数中的度数,以及常数与候选函数的下一个函数的度数之差。为了处理后续部分的故障,先对多个模糊变量进行位移,然后用表示位移变量的隶属度函数进行模糊推理。对商用控制器的实验结果表明,任何单个故障对控制器正常确定性输出的影响都能得到完全补偿。
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引用次数: 0
An on-chip detection circuit for the verification of IC supply connections 用于验证IC电源连接的片上检测电路
H. Manhaeve, Stefaan Kerckenaere
Presents a noninvasive, highly reliable, testable and (boundary) scan controllable on-chip CMOS current monitor, suited for the validation of IC and module connections and its application at SOC, board and system level. The monitor provides a solution to the problem of verifying the multiple power and ground connections, required to assure a proper power distribution to today's complex designs. These connections are very difficult to verify as they are connected in parallel and hence a failing connection will only marginally affect the overall connection characteristics but will affect a device's reliability. The application of the monitor described is an alternative and improvement to the currently used optical. X-ray and other inspection techniques. The monitor presented is designed such that it is fully transparent, testable, guarantees a proper detection, irrespective of local and global process parameter variations -avoiding the need for calibrationand can be put in a power down mode. The application of the monitor is based on the detection of a current flowing through the tested connection, thereby exploiting the inherent resistance of the connection. The sensor can easily be merged to different technologies without making major changes, which makes it well suited for intellectual property re-use.
提出了一种无创、高可靠、可测试和(边界)扫描可控的片上CMOS电流监视器,适用于IC和模块连接的验证及其在SOC、板和系统级的应用。监视器为验证多个电源和接地连接的问题提供了解决方案,以确保在当今复杂的设计中正确分配电源。这些连接很难验证,因为它们是并行连接的,因此连接失败只会略微影响整体连接特性,但会影响设备的可靠性。所描述的监视器的应用是对目前使用的光学监视器的替代和改进。x射线和其他检查技术。显示器的设计使其完全透明,可测试,保证正确的检测,无论本地和全局过程参数变化如何,都避免了校准的需要,并且可以置于电源关闭模式。监视器的应用是基于检测流过被测连接的电流,从而利用连接的固有电阻。该传感器可以很容易地与不同的技术合并,而无需进行重大更改,这使得它非常适合知识产权再利用。
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引用次数: 3
A step response based mixed-signal BIST approach 基于阶跃响应的混合信号BIST方法
A. Walker
A new mixed-signal built-in self-test approach that is based upon the step response of a reconfigurable (or multifunction) analog block is presented in this paper. The technique requires the overlapping step response of the Circuit Under Test (CUT) for two circuit configurations. Each configuration can be realized by changing the topology of the CUT or by sampling two CUT nodes with differing step responses. The technique can effectively detect both soft and hard faults and does not require an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and/or digital-to-analog converter ( DAC). It also does not require any precision voltage sources or comparators. The approach does not require any additional analog circuits to realize the test signal generator and a two input analog multiplexer for CUT test node sampling. The paper concludes with the application of the proposed approach to a circuit found in the work of Epstein et al. (see IEEE Trans. on CAD, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 102-113, 1993) and two ITC'97 analog benchmark circuits.
本文提出了一种新的基于可重构(或多功能)模拟块阶跃响应的混合信号内置自检方法。该技术要求两种电路配置的被测电路(CUT)具有重叠阶跃响应。每种配置都可以通过改变CUT的拓扑结构或对具有不同阶跃响应的两个CUT节点进行采样来实现。该技术可以有效地检测软故障和硬故障,并且不需要模数转换器(ADC)和/或数模转换器(DAC)。它也不需要任何精密电压源或比较器。该方法不需要任何额外的模拟电路来实现测试信号发生器和用于CUT测试节点采样的双输入模拟多路复用器。本文最后将提出的方法应用于Epstein等人的工作中发现的电路。关于CAD,第12卷,第12期。1, p. 102-113, 1993)和两个ITC'97模拟基准电路。
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引用次数: 6
Novel approaches for fault detection in two-dimensional combinational arrays 二维组合阵列故障检测的新方法
Xiao-Tao Chen, Wei-Kang Huang, N. Park, F. Meyer, F. Lombardi
This paper presents new approaches for the constant (C)-testability of orthogonal (two-dimensional) arrays of combinational cells. A novel testability condition referred to as CO-testability is introduced: a testing approach for CO-testability is fully characterized based on adding states to the table of a cell. A second approach is also proposed. this approach is based on adding a variable number of additional states to a cell with a known table. This approach requires at most (m+k+/spl alpha/)(n+k+/spl alpha/)( m/k+1)(n/k+1) tests, where m and n are the number of states in the two dimensions of signal flow, /spl alpha/=1(0) if (partial) fail observability is applicable to the state table and k is the variable number of additional states per direction (2/spl les/k/spl les/m.n). As an example, the proposed approaches have been applied to a two-dimensional array for maximum/minimum comparison.
本文提出了组合单元正交(二维)阵列常(C)可检验性的新方法。引入了一种新的可测性条件,称为共可测性:一种基于向细胞表中添加状态的共可测性测试方法。本文还提出了第二种方法。这种方法基于向具有已知表的单元格添加可变数量的附加状态。该方法最多需要(m+k+/spl alpha/)(n+k+/spl alpha/)(m/k+1)(n/k+1)次测试,其中m和n是信号流两个维度的状态数,如果(部分)失败,可观测性适用于状态表,/spl alpha/=1(0), k是每个方向的可变附加状态数(2/spl les/k/spl les/m.n)。作为一个例子,所提出的方法已应用于一个二维数组的最大/最小比较。
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引用次数: 4
A speed-dependent approach for delta IDDQ implementation 增量IDDQ实现的速度依赖方法
P. Lee, Alfred Chen, Dilip Mathew
IDDQ test has been widely used in the industry as a DPM (Defects Per Million) improvement tool for test coverage enhancement. It could detect random defects not caught by traditional "stuck-at-fault" functional testing. While effectiveness of traditional IDDQ test is severely affected by the large background current of deep submicron devices, several approaches have been raised on IDDQ-based methodologies to improve its fault detection sensitivity. This paper presents a new methodology based on one of the field approaches, while taking additional results of a specific test sub-circuit that monitored device speed performance into consideration. Dynamic variation due to process distribution is properly reflected via the test sub-circuit, which then leads to consistent fault detection criteria among all IDDQ measurement vectors.
IDDQ测试作为一种提高测试覆盖率的DPM(每百万缺陷数)改进工具已经在工业上得到了广泛的应用。它可以检测到传统的“卡在故障”功能测试无法捕获的随机缺陷。由于深亚微米器件的大背景电流严重影响传统IDDQ测试的有效性,人们提出了几种基于IDDQ的方法来提高其故障检测灵敏度。本文提出了一种基于现场方法的新方法,同时考虑了监测器件速度性能的特定测试子电路的附加结果。由于过程分布的动态变化通过测试子电路得到了适当的反映,从而导致所有IDDQ测量向量之间的故障检测标准一致。
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引用次数: 6
Improving diagnostic resolution of delay faults in FPGAs by exploiting reconfigurability 利用可重构性提高fpga延迟故障诊断解析度
Jayabrata Ghosh-Dastidar, N. Touba
Given an FPGA that has failed to meet its timing specification, techniques are proposed to efficiently diagnose the cause of the faulty behavior. An initial list of suspect configuration logic blocks (CLBs) and interconnects is generated using six-valued fault-free simulation and critical path tracing. The initial list of suspects is then reduced by exploiting the reconfigurability of an FPGA. Experimental results indicate a dramatic reduction in the size of the suspect list.
针对FPGA无法满足时序要求的情况,提出了有效诊断故障原因的技术。使用六值无故障仿真和关键路径跟踪生成可疑配置逻辑块(clb)和互连的初始列表。然后通过利用FPGA的可重构性来减少嫌疑犯的初始列表。实验结果表明,嫌疑人名单的大小显著减少。
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引用次数: 6
Defect analysis and a new fault model for multi-port SRAMs 多端口sram缺陷分析与故障新模型
P. Nagaraj, Shambhu Upadhaya, K. Zarrineh, R. Adams
Semiconductor memory failures depend on the behavior of its components. This paper deals with testing of defects occurring in the memory cells of a multi-port memory. We also consider the resistive shorts between word/bit lines of same and different ports of the memory. The memory is modeled at the transistor level and analyzed for electrical defects by applying a set of patterns. Not only have existing models been taken into account in our simulation but also a new fault model for the multi-port memory is introduced. The boundaries of failure for the proposed defects are identified.
半导体存储器的故障取决于其元件的行为。本文研究了多端口存储器中存储单元缺陷的检测问题。我们还考虑了存储器的相同和不同端口的字/位线之间的电阻短路。存储器在晶体管水平上建模,并通过应用一组模式来分析电缺陷。本文的仿真不仅考虑了已有的故障模型,而且引入了一种新的多端口存储器故障模型。所提出的缺陷的失效边界被识别。
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引用次数: 9
Evaluation of clock distribution networks' most likely faults and produced effects 时钟配电网最可能出现的故障及其产生的影响评估
C. Metra, Stefano Di Francescantonio, B. Riccò, T. M. Mak
Starting from the analysis of real process data and considering, as a reference, an Intel microprocessor we evaluate the fault models that better describe the manufacturing defects that are most likely to affect signals of the clock distribution network. The probability of these faults has been estimated by means of Inductive Fault Analysis (IFA) and has been found to be, for the majority of cases, comparable if not one order of magnitude higher than that of other most likely microprocessor faults. The effects of the most likely clock faults has then been analyzed by means of electrical level simulations. Differently from what is generally implicitly assumed, we have found that only a small percentage of these faults results in a catastrophic failure of the microprocessor, thus being possibly easily detectable during manufacturing test, while the majority results in a local failure, which cannot be detected during manufacturing test, although compromising the microprocessor correct operation and causing an unacceptable decrease in its reliability.
从实际过程数据分析出发,以Intel微处理器为参考,评估了能更好地描述最可能影响时钟分配网络信号的制造缺陷的故障模型。通过电感故障分析(IFA)估计了这些故障的概率,并发现在大多数情况下,与其他最可能的微处理器故障相比,如果不是一个数量级的话,它们是相当的。然后通过电电平模拟分析了最可能的时钟故障的影响。与通常隐含的假设不同,我们发现这些故障中只有一小部分导致微处理器的灾难性故障,因此在制造测试期间可能很容易检测到,而大多数导致局部故障,在制造测试期间无法检测到,尽管损害了微处理器的正确操作并导致其可靠性不可接受的降低。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Proceedings 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems
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