Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114491
Xiaochen Wu , Ruixiao Zheng , Lu Li , Hao Xu , Peihang Zhao , Chaoli Ma
In order to improve the reliability of damage analysis for SiCf/SiC composites, an identification method of damage mechanism was established by combining in-situ acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). The corresponding failure behavior of 2D needle-punched SiCf/SiC composites during ambient-temperature tensile test was investigated in detail. Through a machine learning k-means algorithm, AE signals could be effectively divided into five clusters: friction and sliding, interface damage, matrix cracking, individual fiber breaks and collective fiber breaks. DIC results show that the surface strain of composites increased non-uniformly during the tensile process, and the architecture of the composites had a significant influence on the initiation and propagation of cracks. To summarize, the tensile process consisted of three stages: the elastic stage, the rapid propagation of matrix cracks, the coordinated fiber fracture within the large strain bands. The failure of composites was dominated by the limited load transferring ability of the interface.
{"title":"Damage mechanism identification and failure behavior of 2D needle-punched SiCf/SiC composites based on acoustic emission and digital image correlation","authors":"Xiaochen Wu , Ruixiao Zheng , Lu Li , Hao Xu , Peihang Zhao , Chaoli Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the reliability of damage analysis for SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites, an identification method of damage mechanism was established by combining in-situ acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). The corresponding failure behavior of 2D needle-punched SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites during ambient-temperature tensile test was investigated in detail. Through a machine learning <em>k</em>-means algorithm, AE signals could be effectively divided into five clusters: friction and sliding, interface damage, matrix cracking, individual fiber breaks and collective fiber breaks. DIC results show that the surface strain of composites increased non-uniformly during the tensile process, and the architecture of the composites had a significant influence on the initiation and propagation of cracks. To summarize, the tensile process consisted of three stages: the elastic stage, the rapid propagation of matrix cracks, the coordinated fiber fracture within the large strain bands. The failure of composites was dominated by the limited load transferring ability of the interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114486
Lijuan Yan , Yanrong Sun , Yongchao Zhang , Shuai Wang , Huizhen Tang , Lei Li , Binghui Ge
Mechanical properties of age-hardenable alloys are significantly influenced by the intricate interplay between precipitates and mobile dislocations. This study examined how dislocations interact with nanosized precipitates at the atomic scale in an under-aged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Results revealed that precipitates hinder dislocation movement but are also sheared by them during deformation. Furthermore, the sheared precipitates experienced structural collapse and deviated from their usual evolutionary path, forming ordered but non-periodic topologically close-packed structures and altered morphologies. The discoveries provide insights into dislocation-precipitate interactions and strain-induced structural changes, which could inspire strategies to modulate precipitates with tailored microstructures and thereby improved alloy properties.
{"title":"Reshaping precipitate structure and morphology in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through dislocation-precipitate interactions","authors":"Lijuan Yan , Yanrong Sun , Yongchao Zhang , Shuai Wang , Huizhen Tang , Lei Li , Binghui Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical properties of age-hardenable alloys are significantly influenced by the intricate interplay between precipitates and mobile dislocations. This study examined how dislocations interact with nanosized precipitates at the atomic scale in an under-aged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Results revealed that precipitates hinder dislocation movement but are also sheared by them during deformation. Furthermore, the sheared precipitates experienced structural collapse and deviated from their usual evolutionary path, forming ordered but non-periodic topologically close-packed structures and altered morphologies. The discoveries provide insights into dislocation-precipitate interactions and strain-induced structural changes, which could inspire strategies to modulate precipitates with tailored microstructures and thereby improved alloy properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114484
Peng Hu , Lei Pan , X.-Grant Chen
In this study, high-temperature properties of two newly developed Al-Si-Cu alloys (2Cu and 3.5Cu alloys) were investigated and compared to the commercial-grade A356 + 0.5Cu alloy (R alloy). 3.5Cu alloy exhibited the highest strength, outperforming R alloy by over 50 MPa at room temperature and by more than 20 MPa at elevated temperatures in ultimate tensile strength. However, R alloy demonstrated three to four times higher elongation than 3.5Cu alloy at room temperature, though this difference diminished at high temperatures. The minimum creep rate of 3.5Cu alloy was 2.4 times lower than that of 2Cu alloy and 14.5 times lower than that of R alloy, showing the superior creep resistance. Under low cycle fatigue loadings, the fatigue lifetimes of R and 2Cu alloys were similar, and slightly longer than that of 3.5Cu alloy. Conversely, in the high cycle fatigue regime, 3.5Cu alloy exhibited the highest fatigue resistance, followed by 2Cu and R alloys. The superior high-temperature performances of 3.5Cu alloy were attributed to the enhanced thermal stability of θ' precipitates compared to β' precipitates in R alloy, as confirmed during long-term thermal exposures at 250 and 300 °C. These findings suggest that 3.5Cu alloy is a promising candidate to replace the traditional A356 + 0.5Cu alloy for cylinder head applications.
本研究调查了两种新开发的铝硅铜合金（2Cu 和 3.5Cu 合金）的高温性能，并将其与商业级 A356 + 0.5Cu 合金（R 合金）进行了比较。3.5Cu 合金的强度最高，室温下的极限拉伸强度比 R 合金高出 50 兆帕以上，高温下的极限拉伸强度比 R 合金高出 20 兆帕以上。不过，R 合金在室温下的伸长率比 3.5Cu 合金高三到四倍，但在高温下这种差异会减小。3.5Cu 合金的最小蠕变率比 2Cu 合金低 2.4 倍，比 R 合金低 14.5 倍，显示出其优越的抗蠕变性。在低循环疲劳载荷下，R 和 2Cu 合金的疲劳寿命相似，略长于 3.5Cu 合金。相反，在高循环疲劳条件下，3.5Cu 合金的抗疲劳性能最高，其次是 2Cu 和 R 合金。3.5Cu 合金优异的高温性能归因于与 R 合金中的β'析出物相比，θ'析出物具有更强的热稳定性，这在 250 和 300 °C 的长期热暴露中得到了证实。这些研究结果表明，3.5Cu 合金有望取代传统的 A356 + 0.5Cu 合金，用于气缸盖应用。
{"title":"Elevated-temperature performances of Al-Si-Cu casting alloys for cylinder head applications","authors":"Peng Hu , Lei Pan , X.-Grant Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, high-temperature properties of two newly developed Al-Si-Cu alloys (2Cu and 3.5Cu alloys) were investigated and compared to the commercial-grade A356 + 0.5Cu alloy (R alloy). 3.5Cu alloy exhibited the highest strength, outperforming R alloy by over 50 MPa at room temperature and by more than 20 MPa at elevated temperatures in ultimate tensile strength. However, R alloy demonstrated three to four times higher elongation than 3.5Cu alloy at room temperature, though this difference diminished at high temperatures. The minimum creep rate of 3.5Cu alloy was 2.4 times lower than that of 2Cu alloy and 14.5 times lower than that of R alloy, showing the superior creep resistance. Under low cycle fatigue loadings, the fatigue lifetimes of R and 2Cu alloys were similar, and slightly longer than that of 3.5Cu alloy. Conversely, in the high cycle fatigue regime, 3.5Cu alloy exhibited the highest fatigue resistance, followed by 2Cu and R alloys. The superior high-temperature performances of 3.5Cu alloy were attributed to the enhanced thermal stability of θ' precipitates compared to β' precipitates in R alloy, as confirmed during long-term thermal exposures at 250 and 300 °C. These findings suggest that 3.5Cu alloy is a promising candidate to replace the traditional A356 + 0.5Cu alloy for cylinder head applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114490
Baoyu Luo, Yanhui Guo, Linghuan Pang, Xin Liu, Mingzhe Cui, Bin Fu
In this work, a multi-scale grain structure was obtained in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) by severe deformation and short-term annealing process. The influence of this structure on the mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior is systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the sample subjected to short-term annealing at 1000 °C (SA-1000 °C) exhibits the best comprehensive properties, with a yield strength (YS) of 652.6 MPa and an elongation (EL) of 39.9 %. Both strength and ductility surpass those of the original sample and long-term annealed (LA-1000 °C) samples. The strength-ductility product is increased by 32 % compared to the original sample and by 18 % compared to the LA-1000 °C sample. The increase in YS is predominantly attributed to dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening, and the heterogeneous microstructure leads to good ductility. Moreover, the multi-scale distribution of the grain structure exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance due to the increased low-Σ grain boundaries and the promotion of stable passivation film formation by a limited number of defects, thereby mitigating the corrosion rate.
在这项研究中，通过剧烈变形和短期退火工艺，在 SAF 2205 双相不锈钢（DSS）中获得了多尺度晶粒结构。系统地研究了这种结构对机械性能和电化学行为的影响。实验结果表明，在 1000 °C（SA-1000 °C）下进行短期退火的样品具有最佳的综合性能，屈服强度（YS）为 652.6 MPa，伸长率（EL）为 39.9 %。强度和延展性都超过了原始样品和长期退火（LA-1000 °C）样品。与原始样品相比，强度-韧性乘积增加了 32%，与 LA-1000 °C 样品相比，强度-韧性乘积增加了 18%。YS 的增加主要归因于位错强化和晶粒细化强化，而异质微观结构则带来了良好的延展性。此外，晶粒结构的多尺度分布增强了耐腐蚀性，这是由于低Σ晶界增加，有限的缺陷促进了稳定钝化膜的形成，从而降低了腐蚀速率。
{"title":"Excellent combinations of strength-ductility and corrosion resistance in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel with multi-scale grain distribution","authors":"Baoyu Luo, Yanhui Guo, Linghuan Pang, Xin Liu, Mingzhe Cui, Bin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a multi-scale grain structure was obtained in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) by severe deformation and short-term annealing process. The influence of this structure on the mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior is systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the sample subjected to short-term annealing at 1000 °C (SA-1000 °C) exhibits the best comprehensive properties, with a yield strength (YS) of 652.6 MPa and an elongation (EL) of 39.9 %. Both strength and ductility surpass those of the original sample and long-term annealed (LA-1000 °C) samples. The strength-ductility product is increased by 32 % compared to the original sample and by 18 % compared to the LA-1000 °C sample. The increase in YS is predominantly attributed to dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening, and the heterogeneous microstructure leads to good ductility. Moreover, the multi-scale distribution of the grain structure exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance due to the increased low-Σ grain boundaries and the promotion of stable passivation film formation by a limited number of defects, thereby mitigating the corrosion rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114481
Ankur Sharma, Anish Upadhyaya
The effects of TiC (10–30 vol%) and Ni (1–2 vol%) incorporation on densification, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of microwave sintered ZrB2 matrix-based composites were investigated in the present study. The findings reveal that TiC addition significantly improves the densification of ZrB2 based composites, while the inclusion of Ni further improves densification of ZrB2–20 vol% TiC composite by reducing porosity and restricting the grain growth of both ZrB2 and TiC phases. Additionally, the highest Vickers hardness of 22.25 ± 1.33 GPa and compressive strength of 1556.2 ± 40.17 MPa were obtained for the ZrB2–20 vol% TiC composite due to lower porosity, lower grain size and higher TiC diffusion in the ZrB2 matrix. The fracture toughness enhanced with TiC and Ni addition and the maximum fracture toughness was observed as 6.66 ± 0.47 MPa.m0.5 along with the highest critical energy release rate of 95.16 ± 11.68 J/m2 for the ZrB2–20 vol% TiC-2 vol% Ni composite owing to the activation of toughening mechanisms like crack bridging, crack deflection and open pores as crack deflectors. Nanoindentation studies revealed significant improvements in elastic modulus and stiffness with the addition of TiC. The maximum elastic modulus and stiffness were observed as 482.91 ± 36.36 GPa and 237.24 ± 20.28 μN/nm for ZrB2–20 vol% TiC composite. The study highlights the potential of incorporating metallic additives with secondary reinforcements to enhance the mechanical properties and microstructures of ZrB2 matrix, making them potential materials for high-temperature applications such as control surfaces, nose caps and leading edges of supersonic aircrafts.
{"title":"Influence of TiC and Ni addition on densification and mechanical properties of microwave sintered ZrB2 based composites","authors":"Ankur Sharma, Anish Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of TiC (10–30 vol%) and Ni (1–2 vol%) incorporation on densification, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of microwave sintered ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix-based composites were investigated in the present study. The findings reveal that TiC addition significantly improves the densification of ZrB<sub>2</sub> based composites, while the inclusion of Ni further improves densification of ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC composite by reducing porosity and restricting the grain growth of both ZrB<sub>2</sub> and TiC phases. Additionally, the highest Vickers hardness of 22.25 ± 1.33 GPa and compressive strength of 1556.2 ± 40.17 MPa were obtained for the ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC composite due to lower porosity, lower grain size and higher TiC diffusion in the ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix. The fracture toughness enhanced with TiC and Ni addition and the maximum fracture toughness was observed as 6.66 ± 0.47 MPa.m<sup>0.5</sup> along with the highest critical energy release rate of 95.16 ± 11.68 J/m<sup>2</sup> for the ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC-2 vol% Ni composite owing to the activation of toughening mechanisms like crack bridging, crack deflection and open pores as crack deflectors. Nanoindentation studies revealed significant improvements in elastic modulus and stiffness with the addition of TiC. The maximum elastic modulus and stiffness were observed as 482.91 ± 36.36 GPa and 237.24 ± 20.28 μN/nm for ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC composite. The study highlights the potential of incorporating metallic additives with secondary reinforcements to enhance the mechanical properties and microstructures of ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix, making them potential materials for high-temperature applications such as control surfaces, nose caps and leading edges of supersonic aircrafts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114485
Zhimin Liang , Zhuobin Sun , Dan Liu , Xiao Yang , Yongmei Liang , Dianlong Wang , Dejun Yan , Yuzhong Rao , Kehong Wang
The contradiction between mechanical and corrosion properties restricts the further research and application of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Studies report a new technique, electropulsing and aging alternate treatment (EPAAT), including twice electropulsing and aging treatment, to solve this contradiction by precisely controlling the intragranular precipitates and grain boundary precipitates (GBPs). The results show that the grain boundary precipitates (GBPs, η) are discontinuous and the intragranular precipitates (η’) are not coarsened after EPAAT. The precise regulation of precipitated phase by EPAAT can be attributed the differing effect of electropulsing current on the GBPs and the intragranular precipitates. Utilize electropulsing primary treatment to obtain the supersaturated solid solution. Following natural aging, the small continuous phases at the grain boundary and the GP zones within the grain were precipitated again. The small continuous GPBs of the sample diffuse along the grain boundaries and become discontinuously distributed, while the GP zones within the grain dissolve with under the electropulsing secondary treatment. After artificial aging, the intragranular phase is fully precipitated, yet the GBPs remain unchanged, thereby achieving phase regulation. Consequently, the icorr of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy decreases from 28 to 5.87 μA/cm2 and the tensile strength increases from 511 MPa to 524 MPa. The EPAAT technology realizes the accurate treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and provides a new solution for improving strength and corrosion properties.
{"title":"Enhancing mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through electropulsing and aging alternate treatment","authors":"Zhimin Liang , Zhuobin Sun , Dan Liu , Xiao Yang , Yongmei Liang , Dianlong Wang , Dejun Yan , Yuzhong Rao , Kehong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contradiction between mechanical and corrosion properties restricts the further research and application of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Studies report a new technique, electropulsing and aging alternate treatment (EPAAT), including twice electropulsing and aging treatment, to solve this contradiction by precisely controlling the intragranular precipitates and grain boundary precipitates (GBPs). The results show that the grain boundary precipitates (GBPs, η) are discontinuous and the intragranular precipitates (η’) are not coarsened after EPAAT. The precise regulation of precipitated phase by EPAAT can be attributed the differing effect of electropulsing current on the GBPs and the intragranular precipitates. Utilize electropulsing primary treatment to obtain the supersaturated solid solution. Following natural aging, the small continuous phases at the grain boundary and the GP zones within the grain were precipitated again. The small continuous GPBs of the sample diffuse along the grain boundaries and become discontinuously distributed, while the GP zones within the grain dissolve with under the electropulsing secondary treatment. After artificial aging, the intragranular phase is fully precipitated, yet the GBPs remain unchanged, thereby achieving phase regulation. Consequently, the <em>i</em><sub>corr</sub> of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy decreases from 28 to 5.87 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> and the tensile strength increases from 511 MPa to 524 MPa. The EPAAT technology realizes the accurate treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and provides a new solution for improving strength and corrosion properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114487
Ji Liu , Yugang Miao , Ruizhi Wu , Chao Wei , Yuyang Zhao , Yifan Wu , Qingwen Deng
In this study, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were prepared by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) combined with interlayer friction stir processing (IFSP). To enhance the FSP region, an improved stirring pin was designed to broaden the stir zone effectively. Moreover, the effects of typical T6 and T73 heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited (AS) specimen were meticulously investigated. The results indicated that heat treatments had minimal impact on grain size, dislocation density, and texture strength, but significantly altered the type, size, and distribution of precipitates. The differences in strength were primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening rather than grain boundary or dislocation strengthening. Following T6 heat treatment, the precipitates were predominantly η’, which were smaller in size and exhibited a significantly increased number density compared to AS specimen. Therefore, the average yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased by 39.51 % (500.21 MPa) and 15.84 % (584.26 MPa), respectively. In contrast, T73 treatment caused a substantial number of fine η’ to transform into coarser η, leading to a significant decrease in precipitate number density. Consequently, compared to T6 specimen, the average YS and UTS decreased by 47.19 % and 13.13 %, respectively.
{"title":"Improved material properties of wire arc additively manufactured Al-Zn-mg-cu alloy through severe deformation interlayer friction stir processing and post-deposition heat treatment","authors":"Ji Liu , Yugang Miao , Ruizhi Wu , Chao Wei , Yuyang Zhao , Yifan Wu , Qingwen Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were prepared by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) combined with interlayer friction stir processing (IFSP). To enhance the FSP region, an improved stirring pin was designed to broaden the stir zone effectively. Moreover, the effects of typical T6 and T73 heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-deposited (AS) specimen were meticulously investigated. The results indicated that heat treatments had minimal impact on grain size, dislocation density, and texture strength, but significantly altered the type, size, and distribution of precipitates. The differences in strength were primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening rather than grain boundary or dislocation strengthening. Following T6 heat treatment, the precipitates were predominantly η’, which were smaller in size and exhibited a significantly increased number density compared to AS specimen. Therefore, the average yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased by 39.51 % (500.21 MPa) and 15.84 % (584.26 MPa), respectively. In contrast, T73 treatment caused a substantial number of fine η’ to transform into coarser η, leading to a significant decrease in precipitate number density. Consequently, compared to T6 specimen, the average YS and UTS decreased by 47.19 % and 13.13 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114483
Xingyao Wang , Qinghua Lu , Peilei Zhang , Hua Yan , Haichuan Shi , Tianzhu Sun
(SiC+TiB2)/AlSi10Mg composite powders with 5 wt% micro-SiC particles and 1.5 wt% nano-TiB2 particles were prepared by high energy ball milling, and hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were fabricated by SLM. This study systematically investigated the effects of SiC and TiB2 particles on the phase composition, microstructure evolution, grain crystallization, and mechanical properties. The machanisms of potential strengthening and fracture mechanisms were revealed. The tribological behaviors of the hybrid particle reinforced AlSi10Mg composites under different friction conditions were explored as well. The results show that the 1.5 wt% nano-TiB2 particles provided sufficient nucleation sites for grain growth, completely transforming from coarse columnar to fined equiaxed grains. The average grain size decreases from 7.98 μm to 3.34 μm, and the texture is significantly weakened, which is beneficial to the homogenization of the microstructure, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the SiC/AlSi10Mg composites. The (SiC+TiB2)/AlSi10Mg composites showed a high ultimate tensile strength (∼ 489.1 MP), hardness (172.2 HV) and elongation of 8.2 %. The enhancement of mechanical properties was attributed to Orowan strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and load-bearing strengthening. Due to the Si precipitates and fine microstructure, a low wear rate of 0.50 × 10−5 g/m was obtained, 10.7 % lower than that of SLM formed SiC/AlSi10Mg composites. The friction process is affected by abrasive wear, adhesive wear and delamination wear. It is aspired that the current approach can provide guidance for the design of new alloy systems with excellent performance.
{"title":"Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of selective laser melting fabricated hybrid particle reinforced AlSi10Mg composites","authors":"Xingyao Wang , Qinghua Lu , Peilei Zhang , Hua Yan , Haichuan Shi , Tianzhu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>(SiC+TiB<sub>2</sub>)/AlSi10Mg composite powders with 5 wt% micro-SiC particles and 1.5 wt% nano-TiB<sub>2</sub> particles were prepared by high energy ball milling, and hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were fabricated by SLM. This study systematically investigated the effects of SiC and TiB<sub>2</sub> particles on the phase composition, microstructure evolution, grain crystallization, and mechanical properties. The machanisms of potential strengthening and fracture mechanisms were revealed. The tribological behaviors of the hybrid particle reinforced AlSi10Mg composites under different friction conditions were explored as well. The results show that the 1.5 wt% nano-TiB<sub>2</sub> particles provided sufficient nucleation sites for grain growth, completely transforming from coarse columnar to fined equiaxed grains. The average grain size decreases from 7.98 μm to 3.34 μm, and the texture is significantly weakened, which is beneficial to the homogenization of the microstructure, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the SiC/AlSi10Mg composites. The (SiC+TiB<sub>2</sub>)/AlSi10Mg composites showed a high ultimate tensile strength (∼ 489.1 MP), hardness (172.2 HV) and elongation of 8.2 %. The enhancement of mechanical properties was attributed to Orowan strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and load-bearing strengthening. Due to the Si precipitates and fine microstructure, a low wear rate of 0.50 × 10<sup>−5</sup> g/m was obtained, 10.7 % lower than that of SLM formed SiC/AlSi10Mg composites. The friction process is affected by abrasive wear, adhesive wear and delamination wear. It is aspired that the current approach can provide guidance for the design of new alloy systems with excellent performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114488
Yu Xiao , Song-Wei Wang , Hong-Wu Song , Shuai-Feng Chen , Qi Yu , Shi-Hong Zhang
The Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy with different La addition (0 %, 0.07 % and 0.14 wt%) was processed using industry suitable two-step cold rolling and aging treatment to achieve superior strength and electrical conductivity. The role of La addition on the microstructure evolution and comprehensive properties of the Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy is investigated during the second rolling and subsequent aging stages. During pre-aging process, the presence of La in the Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr-0.07La alloy led to formation of smaller precipitate sizes compared to La-free Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy. This facilitates a stronger cut interaction between dislocations and precipitates during secondary rolling process, which promotes the redissolution of precipitates into Cu matrix and thus results in a larger decline of 44.72 % ICAS for the electrical conductivity of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr-0.07La alloy. After post-aging treatment, precipitates are newly formed with increased number and refined size of Cr precipitates with maintaining a coherent relationship with the matrix. Besides, the addition of La promotes Cr-rich phase precipitation and dislocation accumulation. Resultantly, remarkable increase in tensile strength by 11 % with the addition of 0.07wt%La. While, the 0.14La added alloy exhibits comprehensive properties of tensile strength 600 MPa and electrical conductivity 80.08 %IACS after aging at 440 °C for 180 min. The increase in strength was primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening. This work provides new kinds of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy and industrial suitable thermo-mechanical treatment for fabricating high performance cooper alloy sheets.
采用工业适用的两步冷轧和时效处理方法，加工出了不同 La 添加量（0 %、0.07 % 和 0.14 wt%）的 Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr 合金，以获得优异的强度和导电性。在第二次轧制和随后的时效阶段，研究了添加 La 对 Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr 合金微观结构演变和综合性能的影响。在预时效过程中，与不含 La 的 Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr 合金相比，Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr-0.07La 合金中 La 的存在导致形成较小尺寸的沉淀。这有利于在二次轧制过程中加强位错与沉淀之间的切削作用，促进沉淀重新溶解到铜基体中，从而使 Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr-0.07La 合金的电导率大幅下降，ICAS 下降了 44.72%。经过后时效处理后，析出物是新形成的，铬析出物的数量增加，尺寸细化，并与基体保持一致的关系。此外，La 的加入促进了富铬相的析出和位错的积累。因此，添加 0.07wt%La 后，拉伸强度显著提高了 11%。而添加 0.14La 的合金在 440 °C 下时效 180 分钟后，抗拉强度达到 600 MPa，导电率达到 80.08 %IACS。强度的提高主要归因于沉淀强化和位错强化。这项研究提供了新型 Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr 合金，并为制造高性能铜合金板材提供了合适的工业热机械处理方法。
{"title":"La drives the remarkable strength enhancement of the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy through traditional thermo-mechanical treatment","authors":"Yu Xiao , Song-Wei Wang , Hong-Wu Song , Shuai-Feng Chen , Qi Yu , Shi-Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy with different La addition (0 %, 0.07 % and 0.14 wt%) was processed using industry suitable two-step cold rolling and aging treatment to achieve superior strength and electrical conductivity. The role of La addition on the microstructure evolution and comprehensive properties of the Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy is investigated during the second rolling and subsequent aging stages. During pre-aging process, the presence of La in the Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr-0.07La alloy led to formation of smaller precipitate sizes compared to La-free Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy. This facilitates a stronger cut interaction between dislocations and precipitates during secondary rolling process, which promotes the redissolution of precipitates into Cu matrix and thus results in a larger decline of 44.72 % ICAS for the electrical conductivity of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr-0.07La alloy. After post-aging treatment, precipitates are newly formed with increased number and refined size of Cr precipitates with maintaining a coherent relationship with the matrix. Besides, the addition of La promotes Cr-rich phase precipitation and dislocation accumulation. Resultantly, remarkable increase in tensile strength by 11 % with the addition of 0.07wt%La. While, the 0.14La added alloy exhibits comprehensive properties of tensile strength 600 MPa and electrical conductivity 80.08 %IACS after aging at 440 °C for 180 min. The increase in strength was primarily attributed to precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening. This work provides new kinds of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy and industrial suitable thermo-mechanical treatment for fabricating high performance cooper alloy sheets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114479
Chenyu Zhai , Zhimin Yang , Shilin Feng , Yongfu Cai , Zhenhua Han , Hongyan Wang , Chen Chen , Tan Wang , Shaojie Wu , Haimei Li , Ran Wei
We present a novel corrosion resistant Ni42.6Fe24.6Cr16.4Al13.4Ti3 eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA), which consists of FCC(L12) phase and BCC(L21) phase. The FCC and BCC phases contain numerous nano-precipitates, with sizes of ∼10 nm and 80 nm, respectively. The as-cast EHEA exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with a yield strength of ∼730 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1220 MPa and elongation of 25 %, surpassing those observed in other as-cast EHEAs. The excellent mechanical properties are attributed to the extensive dislocation activities and precipitation strengthening in both BCC and FCC phases, as well as hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening. Besides, the Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) orientation relationship between adjacent phases promotes the cooperative deformation of both constituent phases, thereby enhancing the ductility of the EHEA.
{"title":"A novel corrosion resistant NiFeCrAlTi eutectic high entropy alloy with high strength and ductility","authors":"Chenyu Zhai , Zhimin Yang , Shilin Feng , Yongfu Cai , Zhenhua Han , Hongyan Wang , Chen Chen , Tan Wang , Shaojie Wu , Haimei Li , Ran Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel corrosion resistant Ni<sub>42.6</sub>Fe<sub>24.6</sub>Cr<sub>16.4</sub>Al<sub>13.4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub> eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA), which consists of FCC(L1<sub>2</sub>) phase and BCC(L2<sub>1</sub>) phase. The FCC and BCC phases contain numerous nano-precipitates, with sizes of ∼10 nm and 80 nm, respectively. The as-cast EHEA exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with a yield strength of ∼730 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1220 MPa and elongation of 25 %, surpassing those observed in other as-cast EHEAs. The excellent mechanical properties are attributed to the extensive dislocation activities and precipitation strengthening in both BCC and FCC phases, as well as hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening. Besides, the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K<img>S) orientation relationship between adjacent phases promotes the cooperative deformation of both constituent phases, thereby enhancing the ductility of the EHEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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