Julie Lounds Taylor, Leann Smith DaWalt, Meghan M. Burke, Meng Xu, James C. Slaughter
Background
Autistic youth in the United States face many challenges accessing services as they transition to adulthood. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services is a promising way to improve service access. The current study tested whether participation in an intervention to improve parents' ability to advocate for adult services (called Advocating for Supports to Improve Service Transitions or ASSIST) led to increased service access for their transition-aged autistic youth.
Methods
Using a multisite, single-blind parallel-group design, we randomized 185 parents of transition-aged autistic youth to either a treatment condition that received the ASSIST intervention, or a control condition that received comprehensive written information about adult services. Primary outcomes for this report – number of government programs that fund services and direct services received by the youth – were collected via parental interview at baseline, six, and 12 months after intervention.
Results
Primary analyses found no significant treatment effects on service access. Subgroup analyses, however, detected treatment effects for families of youth who had exited high school prior to their families taking ASSIST. Among those families, youth from the treatment group were receiving more government programs that fund services at 6 months after intervention compared with youth from the control group.
Conclusions
We cannot conclude from our findings that ASSIST improved access to services, though there was some evidence to suggest increased access to government programs that fund services for families of autistic youth who had exited high school. Future research should investigate which families can translate written information about adult services (i.e. the control condition) into improved service access, and which families need more individualized support beyond a group-based class to see improvements in service access.
{"title":"Effects of a parent advocacy intervention on service access for transition-aged autistic youth: a multisite randomized controlled trial","authors":"Julie Lounds Taylor, Leann Smith DaWalt, Meghan M. Burke, Meng Xu, James C. Slaughter","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autistic youth in the United States face many challenges accessing services as they transition to adulthood. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services is a promising way to improve service access. The current study tested whether participation in an intervention to improve parents' ability to advocate for adult services (called Advocating for Supports to Improve Service Transitions or ASSIST) led to increased service access for their transition-aged autistic youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a multisite, single-blind parallel-group design, we randomized 185 parents of transition-aged autistic youth to either a treatment condition that received the ASSIST intervention, or a control condition that received comprehensive written information about adult services. Primary outcomes for this report – number of government programs that fund services and direct services received by the youth – were collected via parental interview at baseline, six, and 12 months after intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary analyses found no significant treatment effects on service access. Subgroup analyses, however, detected treatment effects for families of youth who had exited high school prior to their families taking ASSIST. Among those families, youth from the treatment group were receiving more government programs that fund services at 6 months after intervention compared with youth from the control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We cannot conclude from our findings that ASSIST improved access to services, though there was some evidence to suggest increased access to government programs that fund services for families of autistic youth who had exited high school. Future research should investigate which families can translate written information about adult services (i.e. the control condition) into improved service access, and which families need more individualized support beyond a group-based class to see improvements in service access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 2","pages":"212-224"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12582376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bowlby's concept of attachment as a biobehavioral proximity-regulating system providing infants with confidence in protection and support for exploration has been expanded to include early security's legacy for socialization processes. We report a continued programmatic effort to replicate our model of security as a potent catalyst moderating common maladaptive longitudinal cascades from early child difficulty to increased parental power assertion to externalizing developmental outcomes. We elucidate the multifinality of sequelae that can unfold from early child difficulty. Our moderated mediation model proposes that such cascades occur only in parent–child dyads with histories of insecure attachment in infancy; early security buffers those risks.
Methods
Children and Parents Study (CAPS) included 200 community mothers, fathers, and children from the U.S. Midwest. At 16 months (N = 194, 93 girls), we observed children's early difficulty (anger dysregulation) and security with each parent in the Strange Situation Paradigm. At 38 months (age 3, N = 175, 86 girls), we observed parents' power-assertive control. At 52 months (age 4.5, N = 177, 86 girls), we observed children's poor self-regulation and violations of conduct rules and obtained parents' reports of children's disruptive behavior.
Results
For mothers and children, the indirect effects of early anger dysregulation at 16 months on all three outcomes at age 4.5, mediated via increased power assertion at age 3, were present only in insecure dyads, as reflected in significant moderated mediation. Comprehensive analysis that integrated all three outcomes further supported the robust moderating effect of early security for the entire developmental path from anger dysregulation to power assertion to child outcomes, and for each segment of that path. There were no findings for fathers.
Conclusions
We discuss the critical importance – and challenges – of replicating models of complex longitudinal cascades when elucidating multifinality throughthe lens unique to developmental psychology and psychopathology.
{"title":"Distinct cascades for secure and insecure infants from early anger dysregulation to mothers' and fathers' power-assertive control at toddler age to externalizing outcomes at preschool age: a replication","authors":"Sanghag Kim, Grazyna Kochanska","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bowlby's concept of attachment as a biobehavioral proximity-regulating system providing infants with confidence in protection and support for exploration has been expanded to include early security's legacy for socialization processes. We report a continued programmatic effort to replicate our model of security as a potent catalyst moderating common maladaptive longitudinal cascades from early child difficulty to increased parental power assertion to externalizing developmental outcomes. We elucidate the multifinality of sequelae that can unfold from early child difficulty. Our moderated mediation model proposes that such cascades occur only in parent–child dyads with histories of insecure attachment in infancy; early security buffers those risks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and Parents Study (CAPS) included 200 community mothers, fathers, and children from the U.S. Midwest. At 16 months (<i>N</i> = 194, 93 girls), we observed children's early difficulty (anger dysregulation) and security with each parent in the Strange Situation Paradigm. At 38 months (age 3, <i>N</i> = 175, 86 girls), we observed parents' power-assertive control. At 52 months (age 4.5, <i>N</i> = 177, 86 girls), we observed children's poor self-regulation and violations of conduct rules and obtained parents' reports of children's disruptive behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For mothers and children, the indirect effects of early anger dysregulation at 16 months on all three outcomes at age 4.5, mediated via increased power assertion at age 3, were present only in insecure dyads, as reflected in significant moderated mediation. Comprehensive analysis that integrated all three outcomes further supported the robust moderating effect of early security for the entire developmental path from anger dysregulation to power assertion to child outcomes, and for each segment of that path. There were no findings for fathers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We discuss the critical importance – and challenges – of replicating models of complex longitudinal cascades when elucidating multifinality throughthe lens unique to developmental psychology and psychopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 2","pages":"202-211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luke W Hyde,Christopher J Trentacosta,Jessica L Bezek
During the toddler and preschool period, nearly all children engage in some level of aggression, defiance, stealing, and temper tantrums. While the frequency and intensity of these behaviors tends to decrease across early childhood, a subset of children engage in these conduct problem behaviors at a higher intensity early in life and/or do not desist from these behaviors. Instead, these behaviors escalate across childhood and adolescence into serious forms of antisocial behavior (e.g., aggression, rule breaking). Given the negative impacts of these behaviors on children engaging in them, victims, and society, childhood conduct problems are a major public health concern. Here, we provide an updated review of the research identifying the trajectory of conduct problems; risk factors for their emergence, persistence, and escalation; and mechanisms through which risk impacts behavior, using a biopsychosocial and ecological lens. We describe how child and parent attributes contribute to a coercive dyadic cycle that leads to escalating problem behaviors, and how the broader context undermines these proximal relationships to increase risk for conduct problems. Next, we consider the role that genetics plays in these processes and describe how gene-environment interplay shapes early conduct problems. Further, we describe the ways in which these environmental and genetic risk processes impact brain development to increase risk for conduct problems. Finally, we discuss recent approaches to prevent and treat conduct problems and discuss research needs to better support our understanding of the development, prevention, and treatment of early conduct problems.
{"title":"Annual Research Review: Early conduct problems - precursors, outcomes, and etiology.","authors":"Luke W Hyde,Christopher J Trentacosta,Jessica L Bezek","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70031","url":null,"abstract":"During the toddler and preschool period, nearly all children engage in some level of aggression, defiance, stealing, and temper tantrums. While the frequency and intensity of these behaviors tends to decrease across early childhood, a subset of children engage in these conduct problem behaviors at a higher intensity early in life and/or do not desist from these behaviors. Instead, these behaviors escalate across childhood and adolescence into serious forms of antisocial behavior (e.g., aggression, rule breaking). Given the negative impacts of these behaviors on children engaging in them, victims, and society, childhood conduct problems are a major public health concern. Here, we provide an updated review of the research identifying the trajectory of conduct problems; risk factors for their emergence, persistence, and escalation; and mechanisms through which risk impacts behavior, using a biopsychosocial and ecological lens. We describe how child and parent attributes contribute to a coercive dyadic cycle that leads to escalating problem behaviors, and how the broader context undermines these proximal relationships to increase risk for conduct problems. Next, we consider the role that genetics plays in these processes and describe how gene-environment interplay shapes early conduct problems. Further, we describe the ways in which these environmental and genetic risk processes impact brain development to increase risk for conduct problems. Finally, we discuss recent approaches to prevent and treat conduct problems and discuss research needs to better support our understanding of the development, prevention, and treatment of early conduct problems.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDUnexpected bilingualism (UB) in autism, in which children speak languages not spoken in their social environment, has been sporadically reported. UB implies that autistic children can acquire languages in a non-socially interactive way. The early minimally verbal period in autism could be critical for non-interactive language acquisition, given the predominance of non-social interests at that time. However, evidence of language acquisition outside social interaction during this period remains limited and restricted to small case studies.METHODSCaregivers of 119 autistic, 102 non-autistic clinical, and 75 typically developing (TD) children aged 2-6 years completed a structured questionnaire about their children's language-related interests and use. They were also asked to estimate the relative proportion of each language their children were exposed to in their social environment. UB was operationalized as the use of at least one language not spoken in the child's social environment to name letters and/or numbers.RESULTSOf the autistic group, 53% were considered minimally verbal. A total of 38.7% of autistic children displayed UB, with autistic children being 4.38 times more likely to show UB than TD children (p < .001). In contrast, the non-autistic clinical children did not differ significantly from TD children. The presence of UB was not associated with the children's expressive language level. Autistic children were 8.28 times more likely than TD children to use a non-dominant language (here English) (p < .001), after controlling for their proportion of social exposure to that language. Non-interactive media were the only sources caregivers reported to explain the presence of UB in autistic children.CONCLUSIONSAutistic children, even those who are minimally verbal, are less dependent on their social environment for specific aspects of language development. Non-interactive pathways of language acquisition may have a prominent role in early language development in autism.
{"title":"Early manifestations of unexpected bilingualism in minimally verbal autism.","authors":"David Gagnon,Alexia Ostrolenk,Laurent Mottron","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70032","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDUnexpected bilingualism (UB) in autism, in which children speak languages not spoken in their social environment, has been sporadically reported. UB implies that autistic children can acquire languages in a non-socially interactive way. The early minimally verbal period in autism could be critical for non-interactive language acquisition, given the predominance of non-social interests at that time. However, evidence of language acquisition outside social interaction during this period remains limited and restricted to small case studies.METHODSCaregivers of 119 autistic, 102 non-autistic clinical, and 75 typically developing (TD) children aged 2-6 years completed a structured questionnaire about their children's language-related interests and use. They were also asked to estimate the relative proportion of each language their children were exposed to in their social environment. UB was operationalized as the use of at least one language not spoken in the child's social environment to name letters and/or numbers.RESULTSOf the autistic group, 53% were considered minimally verbal. A total of 38.7% of autistic children displayed UB, with autistic children being 4.38 times more likely to show UB than TD children (p < .001). In contrast, the non-autistic clinical children did not differ significantly from TD children. The presence of UB was not associated with the children's expressive language level. Autistic children were 8.28 times more likely than TD children to use a non-dominant language (here English) (p < .001), after controlling for their proportion of social exposure to that language. Non-interactive media were the only sources caregivers reported to explain the presence of UB in autistic children.CONCLUSIONSAutistic children, even those who are minimally verbal, are less dependent on their social environment for specific aspects of language development. Non-interactive pathways of language acquisition may have a prominent role in early language development in autism.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDAn increasing number of children report anxiety in early to mid-adolescence. Early identification of risk during the transition from primary to secondary schools (age 11) could enhance family- or school-based interventions. While known predictors of adolescent anxiety provide some insight, there is a need to identify and understand additional risk factors. Hyperacusis (aversive sensitivity to sound) is correlated with anxiety in children and adults and thus a candidate risk factor longitudinally.METHODSWe explored the predictive potential of auditory hyperacusis using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 6,621). Hyperacusis at age 11 was assessed with a single question, while anxiety and related emotional problems were captured by the emotional subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-E) at ages 13, 16 and through longitudinal trajectories (4-16 years).RESULTSHyperacusis significantly predicted anxiety at ages 13 and 16. This predictive effect remained for age 13 even when accounting for pre-existing anxiety/emotional problems, autism traits and other neurodiversity characteristics (ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia). Similar, though less pronounced, patterns emerged at age 16. When testing the four previously identified childhood trajectories of emotional problems, hyperacusis predicted persistent versus decreasing trajectories (the two cases when preschool anxiety is already high) more reliably than increasing from low trajectories (the two cases when preschool anxiety is low). Additional exploratory analyses found that hyperacusis was most strongly associated with SDQ-E items related to fear, worry, and nervousness; still predicted SDQ-E scores at age 25, but not adult generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder or suicidal self-harm.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our findings suggest that assessing hyperacusis at age 11 can provide additional predictive insights into the exacerbation and maintenance of anxiety in adolescence.
背景越来越多的儿童在青春期早期到中期表现出焦虑。在从小学到中学（11岁）过渡期间及早发现风险，可以加强以家庭或学校为基础的干预措施。虽然已知的青少年焦虑的预测因素提供了一些见解，但仍需要识别和了解其他风险因素。听觉亢进（对声音的厌恶敏感性）与儿童和成人的焦虑相关，因此是纵向的候选危险因素。方法：我们利用雅芳父母与儿童纵向研究（ALSPAC, n = 6621）的数据，探讨听觉过度敏感的预测潜力。11岁时的听觉亢进用一个单一的问题进行评估，而焦虑和相关的情绪问题则在13岁、16岁时通过力量和困难问卷（SDQ-E）的情绪子量表和纵向轨迹（4-16岁）进行评估。结果耳鸣对13、16岁儿童焦虑有显著预测作用。即使考虑到先前存在的焦虑/情绪问题、自闭症特征和其他神经多样性特征（多动症、阅读障碍、运动障碍），这种预测效应在13岁时仍然存在。16岁时也出现了类似的模式，尽管不那么明显。当测试先前确定的四种情绪问题的童年轨迹时，听觉亢进预测持续与减少的轨迹（两种情况下，学龄前焦虑已经很高）比从低轨迹增加（两种情况下，学龄前焦虑很低）更可靠。额外的探索性分析发现，听觉过敏与SDQ-E中与恐惧、担忧和紧张相关的项目关系最为密切；仍然可以预测25岁时的SDQ-E分数，但不能预测成人广泛性焦虑症、重度抑郁症或自杀性自残。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，在11岁时评估听觉亢进可以为青春期焦虑的恶化和维持提供额外的预测性见解。
{"title":"Sensory hyperacusis as a predictor of anxiety in adolescence.","authors":"Foteini Tseliou,Stephan Collishaw,Alice Price,Petroc Sumner","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70027","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAn increasing number of children report anxiety in early to mid-adolescence. Early identification of risk during the transition from primary to secondary schools (age 11) could enhance family- or school-based interventions. While known predictors of adolescent anxiety provide some insight, there is a need to identify and understand additional risk factors. Hyperacusis (aversive sensitivity to sound) is correlated with anxiety in children and adults and thus a candidate risk factor longitudinally.METHODSWe explored the predictive potential of auditory hyperacusis using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 6,621). Hyperacusis at age 11 was assessed with a single question, while anxiety and related emotional problems were captured by the emotional subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-E) at ages 13, 16 and through longitudinal trajectories (4-16 years).RESULTSHyperacusis significantly predicted anxiety at ages 13 and 16. This predictive effect remained for age 13 even when accounting for pre-existing anxiety/emotional problems, autism traits and other neurodiversity characteristics (ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia). Similar, though less pronounced, patterns emerged at age 16. When testing the four previously identified childhood trajectories of emotional problems, hyperacusis predicted persistent versus decreasing trajectories (the two cases when preschool anxiety is already high) more reliably than increasing from low trajectories (the two cases when preschool anxiety is low). Additional exploratory analyses found that hyperacusis was most strongly associated with SDQ-E items related to fear, worry, and nervousness; still predicted SDQ-E scores at age 25, but not adult generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder or suicidal self-harm.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, our findings suggest that assessing hyperacusis at age 11 can provide additional predictive insights into the exacerbation and maintenance of anxiety in adolescence.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Wickersham, Avshalom Caspi, Louise Arseneault, Terrie E. Moffitt, Johnny Downs, Antony Ambler, Rachel M. Latham, Nicholas Cummins, Zoë Firth, Jasmin Wertz, Helen L. Fisher
Background
Emotions that mothers express about their offspring are associated with offspring mental health during childhood, but little research has explored whether this extends into adolescence. We investigated associations between maternal warmth and negativity towards twin offspring at age 10, and subsequent mental health outcomes in early and late adolescence.
Methods
The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study is a population-based cohort of 2,232 same-sex twins born in 1994–1995 across England and Wales. Maternal warmth and negativity were assessed from Five-Minute Speech Samples obtained when twins were aged 10. Continuous mental health outcomes were assessed in interviews with twins at ages 12 (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder) and 18 (general psychopathology, internalising, externalising and thought disorder). Linear regressions were conducted on 1906 participants with available data and adjusted for sex, family socioeconomic status, and age-5 emotional and behavioural problems. We then conducted a monozygotic twin-difference analysis to control for unmeasured shared environmental and genetic factors.
Results
Lower maternal warmth and higher maternal negativity were associated with worse mental health outcomes at ages 12 and 18. For example, when comparing differences in mothers' expressed emotions and mental health outcomes within monozygotic twin pairs, higher negativity remained associated with externalising symptoms (b = 1.77, 95% CI = 0.68 to 2.86, β = .14) and poorer general psychopathology (b = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.63 to 3.01, β = .13), and lower warmth with externalising symptoms (b = −1.96, 95% CI = −3.54 to −0.37, β = −.11). These associations remained after adjusting for twin-differences in age-5 emotional and behavioural problems and birth weight. Null findings were more frequently observed for maternal warmth and internalising outcomes.
Conclusions
Using a genetically sensitive design to approach causal inference, we found evidence for associations between maternal warmth/negativity and adolescent mental health outcomes. Maternal expressed emotion ratings might provide an early opportunity to identify families who would benefit from interventions and mental health disorder prevention programmes.
背景：母亲对子女表达的情绪与子女在童年时期的心理健康有关，但很少有研究探讨这种情绪是否会延伸到青春期。我们调查了母亲的温暖与10岁时对双胞胎子女的消极态度之间的关系，以及随后在青春期早期和晚期的心理健康结果。方法：环境风险（E-Risk）纵向双胞胎研究是一项基于人群的队列研究，研究对象是1994-1995年出生在英格兰和威尔士的2232对同性双胞胎。研究人员从双胞胎10岁时获得的五分钟言语样本中评估了母亲的热情和消极情绪。通过对12岁的双胞胎（抑郁、焦虑、注意力缺陷多动障碍和行为障碍）和18岁的双胞胎（一般精神病理、内化、外化和思维障碍）进行访谈，评估了持续的心理健康结果。对1906名参与者进行了线性回归，并根据性别、家庭社会经济地位和5岁时的情绪和行为问题进行了调整。然后，我们进行了一项单卵双差分析，以控制未测量的共享环境和遗传因素。结果：在12岁和18岁时，较低的母亲温暖和较高的母亲消极情绪与较差的心理健康结果相关。例如，当比较同卵双胞胎中母亲表达的情绪和心理健康结果的差异时，较高的负性仍然与外化症状（b = 1.77, 95% CI = 0.68至2.86,β = 0.14）、较差的一般精神病理（b = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.63至3.01,β = 0.13）和较低的温暖与外化症状（b = -1.96, 95% CI = -3.54至-0.37,β = - 0.11）相关。在调整了双胞胎在5岁时情绪和行为问题以及出生体重方面的差异后，这些关联仍然存在。在母性温暖和内化结果方面，更经常观察到无效结果。结论：使用基因敏感设计来进行因果推理，我们发现了母亲温暖/消极与青少年心理健康结果之间存在关联的证据。母亲表达情绪评级可能提供早期机会，以确定哪些家庭将从干预措施和心理健康障碍预防方案中受益。
{"title":"Maternal expressions of warmth and negativity and adolescent mental health: using longitudinal monozygotic twin-difference analyses to approach causal inference","authors":"Alice Wickersham, Avshalom Caspi, Louise Arseneault, Terrie E. Moffitt, Johnny Downs, Antony Ambler, Rachel M. Latham, Nicholas Cummins, Zoë Firth, Jasmin Wertz, Helen L. Fisher","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emotions that mothers express about their offspring are associated with offspring mental health during childhood, but little research has explored whether this extends into adolescence. We investigated associations between maternal warmth and negativity towards twin offspring at age 10, and subsequent mental health outcomes in early and late adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study is a population-based cohort of 2,232 same-sex twins born in 1994–1995 across England and Wales. Maternal warmth and negativity were assessed from Five-Minute Speech Samples obtained when twins were aged 10. Continuous mental health outcomes were assessed in interviews with twins at ages 12 (depression, anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder) and 18 (general psychopathology, internalising, externalising and thought disorder). Linear regressions were conducted on 1906 participants with available data and adjusted for sex, family socioeconomic status, and age-5 emotional and behavioural problems. We then conducted a monozygotic twin-difference analysis to control for unmeasured shared environmental and genetic factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower maternal warmth and higher maternal negativity were associated with worse mental health outcomes at ages 12 and 18. For example, when comparing differences in mothers' expressed emotions and mental health outcomes within monozygotic twin pairs, higher negativity remained associated with externalising symptoms (<i>b</i> = 1.77, 95% CI = 0.68 to 2.86, <i>β</i> = .14) and poorer general psychopathology (<i>b</i> = 1.82, 95% CI = 0.63 to 3.01, <i>β</i> = .13), and lower warmth with externalising symptoms (<i>b</i> = −1.96, 95% CI = −3.54 to −0.37, <i>β</i> = −.11). These associations remained after adjusting for twin-differences in age-5 emotional and behavioural problems and birth weight. Null findings were more frequently observed for maternal warmth and internalising outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a genetically sensitive design to approach causal inference, we found evidence for associations between maternal warmth/negativity and adolescent mental health outcomes. Maternal expressed emotion ratings might provide an early opportunity to identify families who would benefit from interventions and mental health disorder prevention programmes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 1","pages":"92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan You, Tom McAdams, Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh, Tabea Schoeler, Filip Marzecki, Helena M.S. Zavos
Background
Children diagnosed with ADHD and other comorbid mental health conditions often exhibit more severe functional impairments than those without comorbid conditions, including a tendency for their ADHD symptoms to persist into later developmental stages. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative analysis to investigate the extent to which specific childhood comorbidities (internalizing, externalizing and neurodevelopmental conditions) predict the persistence of childhood ADHD into later developmental stages.
Methods
We extracted data from 26 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion and applied multilevel random effects models to obtain pooled estimates of Cohen's d for selected predictors on ADHD persistence.
Results
Childhood comorbid internalizing and externalizing conditions (d = 0.19 and d = 0.31, respectively), but not neurodevelopmental disorders, were significantly associated with ADHD persistence. After adjusting for covariates (sex, age and other comorbidities), this association diminished for externalizing conditions (dadj = 0.24) and was no longer significant for internalizing conditions (dadj = 0.06). The association between comorbid externalizing behavior problems and ADHD persistence was found only in studies that used parent-reported data to measure childhood ADHD and externalizing conditions, but not in studies that included teacher-reported childhood symptoms.
Conclusions
Childhood comorbid externalizing and, to a lesser extent, internalizing conditions were associated with the persistence of ADHD, but this association may be partially due to confounders. Childhood comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders does not appear to increase the likelihood of ADHD persistence.
{"title":"The role of comorbid childhood mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions in the persistence of ADHD symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Yuan You, Tom McAdams, Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh, Tabea Schoeler, Filip Marzecki, Helena M.S. Zavos","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children diagnosed with ADHD and other comorbid mental health conditions often exhibit more severe functional impairments than those without comorbid conditions, including a tendency for their ADHD symptoms to persist into later developmental stages. We conducted a systematic review and quantitative analysis to investigate the extent to which specific childhood comorbidities (internalizing, externalizing and neurodevelopmental conditions) predict the persistence of childhood ADHD into later developmental stages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We extracted data from 26 studies meeting the criteria for inclusion and applied multilevel random effects models to obtain pooled estimates of Cohen's <i>d</i> for selected predictors on ADHD persistence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood comorbid internalizing and externalizing conditions (<i>d</i> = 0.19 and <i>d</i> = 0.31, respectively), but not neurodevelopmental disorders, were significantly associated with ADHD persistence. After adjusting for covariates (sex, age and other comorbidities), this association diminished for externalizing conditions (<i>d</i><sub>adj</sub> = 0.24) and was no longer significant for internalizing conditions (<i>d</i><sub>adj</sub> = 0.06). The association between comorbid externalizing behavior problems and ADHD persistence was found only in studies that used parent-reported data to measure childhood ADHD and externalizing conditions, but not in studies that included teacher-reported childhood symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Childhood comorbid externalizing and, to a lesser extent, internalizing conditions were associated with the persistence of ADHD, but this association may be partially due to confounders. Childhood comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders does not appear to increase the likelihood of ADHD persistence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 2","pages":"183-201"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Alterations in brain lipids may elucidate ASD's neurophysiological mechanisms, but evidence remains limited. This study aims to assess whether the MRI-measured lipid content in limbic brain regions could serve as novel biomarkers for neurophysiological changes in school-aged children with ASD.METHODSThis prospective study included 98 school-aged (7-16 years) children with ASD and 94 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children, an age window selected based on established milestones of structural brain maturation. Lipid content in limbic regions was quantified via MRI-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Between-group differences, blood lipid correlations, and clinical scale associations were analyzed. In vitro validation and histopathology in ASD mice confirmed lipid quantification accuracy and deposits. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses evaluated diagnostic utility.RESULTSChildren with ASD exhibited significantly elevated MRI-measured lipid content in the bilateral fusiform gyrus (FUS) (pfdr < .01), with positive correlations observed between lipid content and total cholesterol (left hemisphere: r = .38, p < .01; right hemisphere r = .46, p < .01). Histopathological examination of BTBR mice brain sections stained with ammonium ferric sulfate revealed significant cholesterol deposits. Additionally, reduced lipid content in the bilateral caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) (left hemisphere: pfdr < .01, right hemisphere: pfdr < .01) was found in children with ASD, and the lipid content of the right cACC was negatively correlated with impairments in social communication (r = -.32, pfdr = .04). Results of ROC analyses demonstrated that multimodal integration of bilateral FUS and cACC lipid contents yielded the highest AUC (0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94).CONCLUSIONSAlterations in the FUS and cACC underscore their roles in ASD neuropathology. These findings suggest that MRI-measured lipid levels of specific regions from the brain limbic system could serve as a biomarker for neurophysiological changes in school-aged children with ASD.
{"title":"Neuroimaging biomarkers in school-aged children with autism: MRI-measured lipid content in the limbic system.","authors":"Ya-Yin Deng,Xiang Zhou,Bo-Ya Yin,Feng-Yun Zou,Shuang-Shuang Zhong,Xiao-Wen Luo,Li-Shan Shen,Yang Fan,Ruo-Mi Guo","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70033","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Alterations in brain lipids may elucidate ASD's neurophysiological mechanisms, but evidence remains limited. This study aims to assess whether the MRI-measured lipid content in limbic brain regions could serve as novel biomarkers for neurophysiological changes in school-aged children with ASD.METHODSThis prospective study included 98 school-aged (7-16 years) children with ASD and 94 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children, an age window selected based on established milestones of structural brain maturation. Lipid content in limbic regions was quantified via MRI-based proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Between-group differences, blood lipid correlations, and clinical scale associations were analyzed. In vitro validation and histopathology in ASD mice confirmed lipid quantification accuracy and deposits. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses evaluated diagnostic utility.RESULTSChildren with ASD exhibited significantly elevated MRI-measured lipid content in the bilateral fusiform gyrus (FUS) (pfdr < .01), with positive correlations observed between lipid content and total cholesterol (left hemisphere: r = .38, p < .01; right hemisphere r = .46, p < .01). Histopathological examination of BTBR mice brain sections stained with ammonium ferric sulfate revealed significant cholesterol deposits. Additionally, reduced lipid content in the bilateral caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) (left hemisphere: pfdr < .01, right hemisphere: pfdr < .01) was found in children with ASD, and the lipid content of the right cACC was negatively correlated with impairments in social communication (r = -.32, pfdr = .04). Results of ROC analyses demonstrated that multimodal integration of bilateral FUS and cACC lipid contents yielded the highest AUC (0.89, 95% CI: 0.84-0.94).CONCLUSIONSAlterations in the FUS and cACC underscore their roles in ASD neuropathology. These findings suggest that MRI-measured lipid levels of specific regions from the brain limbic system could serve as a biomarker for neurophysiological changes in school-aged children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meeyoung O. Min, June-Yung Kim, Sonia Minnes, Rosa Kim, Lynn T. Singer
Background
Few studies have examined the intergenerational impact of maternal childhood maltreatment (MCM) in the context of prenatal substance exposure (PSE). This study investigates whether PSE is part of the pathway of MCM or an independent risk factor affecting offspring psychopathology.
Methods
Participants were 284 birth mother–child (44% male) dyads, primarily Black, low-income, enrolled at birth. Exposure to alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or cocaine in utero was assessed at 1 month postpartum. MCM was assessed at child age 4, and maternal psychological distress and offspring maltreatment at child age 10. Mother- and child-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed at child age 12 using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test sequential mediation pathways examining the direct and indirect associations of MCM with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms via PSE, maternal psychological distress, and offspring maltreatment, adjusting for covariates.
Results
MCM was directly related to adolescent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms, whereas PSE was directly related to adolescent-reported externalizing symptoms. MCM and PSE were indirectly related to mother-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms via maternal psychological distress. Only PSE was related to offspring maltreatment at 10 years, and offspring maltreatment was related to both mother- and adolescent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 12 years.
Conclusions
MCM and PSE may increase offspring vulnerability to psychopathology, highlighting the importance of evaluating historical risks that mothers may transmit from their own childhood maltreatment and prenatal substance use in assessing offspring psychopathology.
{"title":"Intergenerational transmission of maternal childhood maltreatment, prenatal substance exposure, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early adolescence at age 12","authors":"Meeyoung O. Min, June-Yung Kim, Sonia Minnes, Rosa Kim, Lynn T. Singer","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jcpp.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few studies have examined the intergenerational impact of maternal childhood maltreatment (MCM) in the context of prenatal substance exposure (PSE). This study investigates whether PSE is part of the pathway of MCM or an independent risk factor affecting offspring psychopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 284 birth mother–child (44% male) dyads, primarily Black, low-income, enrolled at birth. Exposure to alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, or cocaine in utero was assessed at 1 month postpartum. MCM was assessed at child age 4, and maternal psychological distress and offspring maltreatment at child age 10. Mother- and child-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed at child age 12 using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test sequential mediation pathways examining the direct and indirect associations of MCM with child internalizing and externalizing symptoms via PSE, maternal psychological distress, and offspring maltreatment, adjusting for covariates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MCM was directly related to adolescent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms, whereas PSE was directly related to adolescent-reported externalizing symptoms. MCM and PSE were indirectly related to mother-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms via maternal psychological distress. Only PSE was related to offspring maltreatment at 10 years, and offspring maltreatment was related to both mother- and adolescent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms at 12 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MCM and PSE may increase offspring vulnerability to psychopathology, highlighting the importance of evaluating historical risks that mothers may transmit from their own childhood maltreatment and prenatal substance use in assessing offspring psychopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"67 2","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jcpp.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eating disorders are prevalent and profoundly debilitating psychiatric conditions with multifactorial etiology that frequently manifest during adolescence. This developmental stage is characterized by significant neurostructural and neurofunctional change, which may create a context conducive to the emergence of eating pathology. In this Annual Research Review, we examine notable changes in brain structure and function that occur during adolescence and elucidate theoretical models that connect neural modifications to eating disorders. Subsequently, we present a narrative review and critical analysis of the extant research on the neural correlates of eating disorders in adolescents and young adults (up to age 24). We conclude by pinpointing gaps in the literature and highlighting avenues for future inquiries into the neural correlates of eating disorders in youth. Overall, this Annual Research Review emphasizes the scarcity of research focused on the neural correlates of eating disorders in young persons and its predominant emphasis on anorexia nervosa in comparison to other eating disorders thus far. Future neurobiological investigations in adolescent eating disorders hold the promise of advancing our knowledge of these complex conditions and improving therapeutic outcomes through the development of mechanistic interventions.
{"title":"Annual Research Review: Neural mechanisms of eating disorders in youth - from current theory and findings to future directions.","authors":"Kelsey Hagan,E Caitlin Lloyd,Sasha Gorrell","doi":"10.1111/jcpp.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70029","url":null,"abstract":"Eating disorders are prevalent and profoundly debilitating psychiatric conditions with multifactorial etiology that frequently manifest during adolescence. This developmental stage is characterized by significant neurostructural and neurofunctional change, which may create a context conducive to the emergence of eating pathology. In this Annual Research Review, we examine notable changes in brain structure and function that occur during adolescence and elucidate theoretical models that connect neural modifications to eating disorders. Subsequently, we present a narrative review and critical analysis of the extant research on the neural correlates of eating disorders in adolescents and young adults (up to age 24). We conclude by pinpointing gaps in the literature and highlighting avenues for future inquiries into the neural correlates of eating disorders in youth. Overall, this Annual Research Review emphasizes the scarcity of research focused on the neural correlates of eating disorders in young persons and its predominant emphasis on anorexia nervosa in comparison to other eating disorders thus far. Future neurobiological investigations in adolescent eating disorders hold the promise of advancing our knowledge of these complex conditions and improving therapeutic outcomes through the development of mechanistic interventions.","PeriodicalId":187,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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