Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0
Nianzhi Jiao, Tingwei Luo, Quanrui Chen, Zhao Zhao, Xilin Xiao, Jihua Liu, Zhimin Jian, Shucheng Xie, Helmuth Thomas, Gerhard J. Herndl, Ronald Benner, Micheal Gonsior, Feng Chen, Wei-Jun Cai, Carol Robinson
The ocean has been a regulator of climate change throughout the history of Earth. One key mechanism is the mediation of the carbon reservoir by refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC), which can either be stored in the water column for centuries or released back into the atmosphere as CO2 depending on the conditions. The RDOC is produced through a myriad of microbial metabolic and ecological processes known as the microbial carbon pump (MCP). Here, we review recent research advances in processes related to the MCP, including the distribution patterns and molecular composition of RDOC, links between the complexity of RDOC compounds and microbial diversity, MCP-driven carbon cycles across time and space, and responses of the MCP to a changing climate. We identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in the role of the MCP, particularly as a key component in integrated approaches combining the mechanisms of the biological and abiotic carbon pumps for ocean negative carbon emissions. In this Review, Jiao, Robinson and colleagues examine recent advances related to the microbial carbon pump, exploring its role in the carbon cycle and climate change, and proposing future research directions and approaches to ocean negative carbon emissions.
{"title":"The microbial carbon pump and climate change","authors":"Nianzhi Jiao, Tingwei Luo, Quanrui Chen, Zhao Zhao, Xilin Xiao, Jihua Liu, Zhimin Jian, Shucheng Xie, Helmuth Thomas, Gerhard J. Herndl, Ronald Benner, Micheal Gonsior, Feng Chen, Wei-Jun Cai, Carol Robinson","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01018-0","url":null,"abstract":"The ocean has been a regulator of climate change throughout the history of Earth. One key mechanism is the mediation of the carbon reservoir by refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC), which can either be stored in the water column for centuries or released back into the atmosphere as CO2 depending on the conditions. The RDOC is produced through a myriad of microbial metabolic and ecological processes known as the microbial carbon pump (MCP). Here, we review recent research advances in processes related to the MCP, including the distribution patterns and molecular composition of RDOC, links between the complexity of RDOC compounds and microbial diversity, MCP-driven carbon cycles across time and space, and responses of the MCP to a changing climate. We identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in the role of the MCP, particularly as a key component in integrated approaches combining the mechanisms of the biological and abiotic carbon pumps for ocean negative carbon emissions. In this Review, Jiao, Robinson and colleagues examine recent advances related to the microbial carbon pump, exploring its role in the carbon cycle and climate change, and proposing future research directions and approaches to ocean negative carbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140139374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0
William M. de Souza, Scott C. Weaver
Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example, mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest burden on global public health disproportionately affecting people in tropical and subtropical areas. Because vectors are ectothermic, climate and weather alterations (for example, temperature, rainfall and humidity) can affect their reproduction, survival, geographic distribution and, consequently, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases can be multifaceted and complex, sometimes with ambiguous consequences. In this Review, we discuss the potential effects of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide. In this Review, de Souza and Weaver discuss the potential effects on vector-borne diseases of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide.
{"title":"Effects of climate change and human activities on vector-borne diseases","authors":"William M. de Souza, Scott C. Weaver","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01026-0","url":null,"abstract":"Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by haematophagous arthropods (for example, mosquitoes, ticks and sandflies) to humans and wild and domestic animals, with the largest burden on global public health disproportionately affecting people in tropical and subtropical areas. Because vectors are ectothermic, climate and weather alterations (for example, temperature, rainfall and humidity) can affect their reproduction, survival, geographic distribution and, consequently, ability to transmit pathogens. However, the effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases can be multifaceted and complex, sometimes with ambiguous consequences. In this Review, we discuss the potential effects of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide. In this Review, de Souza and Weaver discuss the potential effects on vector-borne diseases of climate change, weather and other anthropogenic factors, including land use, human mobility and behaviour, as possible contributors to the redistribution of vectors and spread of vector-borne diseases worldwide.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01040-2
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows that hyphae formation is critical for Candida albicans gut colonization in the presence of commensal bacteria owing to the production of a hyphal-associated factor.
{"title":"Hyphae promote Candida albicans fitness and commensalism in the gut","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01040-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01040-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that hyphae formation is critical for Candida albicans gut colonization in the presence of commensal bacteria owing to the production of a hyphal-associated factor.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140110678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01039-9
Agustina Taglialegna
In this study, Armani-Tourret et al. show that the combination of panobinostat and pegylated interferon-α2a transforms the structure and composition of the HIV-1 reservoir and could potentially counter it.
{"title":"Combatting the HIV reservoir","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01039-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01039-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Armani-Tourret et al. show that the combination of panobinostat and pegylated interferon-α2a transforms the structure and composition of the HIV-1 reservoir and could potentially counter it.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-07DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01038-w
Agustina Taglialegna
In this study, Liu et al. explore the interplay between a fungal effector and a plant cysteine protease and design a small-molecule compound aimed at targeting this effector to combat rice blast disease.
{"title":"Blasting away a fungal pathogen","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01038-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01038-w","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Liu et al. explore the interplay between a fungal effector and a plant cysteine protease and design a small-molecule compound aimed at targeting this effector to combat rice blast disease.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01034-0
Salvador Almagro-Moreno
In this Journal Club, Salvador Almagro-Moreno discusses a study by Kirn et al., which explores the emergence of virulence traits in Vibrio cholerae and demonstrates how the ability of this pathogen to colonize the host shares a common mechanism to its capacity to thrive in natural environments.
{"title":"The origins of pathogenesis","authors":"Salvador Almagro-Moreno","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01034-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01034-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Salvador Almagro-Moreno discusses a study by Kirn et al., which explores the emergence of virulence traits in Vibrio cholerae and demonstrates how the ability of this pathogen to colonize the host shares a common mechanism to its capacity to thrive in natural environments.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01015-3
Christian R. Voolstra, Jean-Baptiste Raina, Melanie Dörr, Anny Cárdenas, Claudia Pogoreutz, Cynthia B. Silveira, Amin R. Mohamed, David G. Bourne, Haiwei Luo, Shady A. Amin, Raquel S. Peixoto
Stony corals, the engines and engineers of reef ecosystems, face unprecedented threats from anthropogenic environmental change. Corals are holobionts that comprise the cnidarian animal host and a diverse community of bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microorganisms. Recent research shows that the bacterial microbiome has a pivotal role in coral biology. A healthy bacterial assemblage contributes to nutrient cycling and stress resilience, but pollution, overfishing and climate change can break down these symbiotic relationships, which results in disease, bleaching and, ultimately, coral death. Although progress has been made in characterizing the spatial-temporal diversity of bacteria, we are only beginning to appreciate their functional contribution. In this Review, we summarize the ecological and metabolic interactions between bacteria and other holobiont members, highlight the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the structure of bacterial communities and discuss the impact of climate change on these communities and their coral hosts. We emphasize how microbiome-based interventions can help to decipher key mechanisms underpinning coral health and promote reef resilience. Finally, we explore how recent technological developments may be harnessed to address some of the most pressing challenges in coral microbiology, providing a road map for future research in this field. In this Review, Voolstra, Raina, Peixoto and colleagues discuss our current knowledge of the function and role of the bacterial microbiome in coral health and disease, and elucidate the response of the host-associated bacteria to global change, which bears implications for coral reef conservation.
{"title":"The coral microbiome in sickness, in health and in a changing world","authors":"Christian R. Voolstra, Jean-Baptiste Raina, Melanie Dörr, Anny Cárdenas, Claudia Pogoreutz, Cynthia B. Silveira, Amin R. Mohamed, David G. Bourne, Haiwei Luo, Shady A. Amin, Raquel S. Peixoto","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01015-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01015-3","url":null,"abstract":"Stony corals, the engines and engineers of reef ecosystems, face unprecedented threats from anthropogenic environmental change. Corals are holobionts that comprise the cnidarian animal host and a diverse community of bacteria, archaea, viruses and eukaryotic microorganisms. Recent research shows that the bacterial microbiome has a pivotal role in coral biology. A healthy bacterial assemblage contributes to nutrient cycling and stress resilience, but pollution, overfishing and climate change can break down these symbiotic relationships, which results in disease, bleaching and, ultimately, coral death. Although progress has been made in characterizing the spatial-temporal diversity of bacteria, we are only beginning to appreciate their functional contribution. In this Review, we summarize the ecological and metabolic interactions between bacteria and other holobiont members, highlight the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the structure of bacterial communities and discuss the impact of climate change on these communities and their coral hosts. We emphasize how microbiome-based interventions can help to decipher key mechanisms underpinning coral health and promote reef resilience. Finally, we explore how recent technological developments may be harnessed to address some of the most pressing challenges in coral microbiology, providing a road map for future research in this field. In this Review, Voolstra, Raina, Peixoto and colleagues discuss our current knowledge of the function and role of the bacterial microbiome in coral health and disease, and elucidate the response of the host-associated bacteria to global change, which bears implications for coral reef conservation.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01017-1
Hannah E. Ledvina, Aaron T. Whiteley
Pathogens are ubiquitous and a constant threat to their hosts, which has led to the evolution of sophisticated immune systems in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Bacterial immune systems encode an astoundingly large array of antiviral (antiphage) systems, and recent investigations have identified unexpected similarities between the immune systems of bacteria and animals. In this Review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the bacterial innate immune system and highlight the components, strategies and pathogen restriction mechanisms conserved between bacteria and eukaryotes. We summarize evidence for the hypothesis that components of the human immune system originated in bacteria, where they first evolved to defend against phages. Further, we discuss shared mechanisms that pathogens use to overcome host immune pathways and unexpected similarities between bacterial immune systems and interbacterial antagonism. Understanding the shared evolutionary path of immune components across domains of life and the successful strategies that organisms have arrived at to restrict their pathogens will enable future development of therapeutics that activate the human immune system for the precise treatment of disease. In this Review, Ledvina and Whiteley highlight the key similarities between eukaryotic and bacterial innate immune systems, exploring conserved immune components and signalling strategies, as well as conserved mechanisms for pathogen restriction.
{"title":"Conservation and similarity of bacterial and eukaryotic innate immunity","authors":"Hannah E. Ledvina, Aaron T. Whiteley","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01017-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01017-1","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogens are ubiquitous and a constant threat to their hosts, which has led to the evolution of sophisticated immune systems in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Bacterial immune systems encode an astoundingly large array of antiviral (antiphage) systems, and recent investigations have identified unexpected similarities between the immune systems of bacteria and animals. In this Review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the bacterial innate immune system and highlight the components, strategies and pathogen restriction mechanisms conserved between bacteria and eukaryotes. We summarize evidence for the hypothesis that components of the human immune system originated in bacteria, where they first evolved to defend against phages. Further, we discuss shared mechanisms that pathogens use to overcome host immune pathways and unexpected similarities between bacterial immune systems and interbacterial antagonism. Understanding the shared evolutionary path of immune components across domains of life and the successful strategies that organisms have arrived at to restrict their pathogens will enable future development of therapeutics that activate the human immune system for the precise treatment of disease. In this Review, Ledvina and Whiteley highlight the key similarities between eukaryotic and bacterial innate immune systems, exploring conserved immune components and signalling strategies, as well as conserved mechanisms for pathogen restriction.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139987538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wastewater genomic surveillance can transform global viral disease monitoring. This Genome Watch article explores the techniques, analytical pipelines and implications for public health.
{"title":"Monitoring pathogens in wastewater","authors":"Arin Wongprommoon, Chalita Chomkatekaew, Claire Chewapreecha","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01033-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01033-1","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater genomic surveillance can transform global viral disease monitoring. This Genome Watch article explores the techniques, analytical pipelines and implications for public health.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139976656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01032-2
Philip J. Rosenthal, Victor Asua, Melissa D. Conrad
{"title":"Author Correction: Emergence, transmission dynamics and mechanisms of artemisinin partial resistance in malaria parasites in Africa","authors":"Philip J. Rosenthal, Victor Asua, Melissa D. Conrad","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01032-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01032-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-024-01032-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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