Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01056-8
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows how two umbravirus-like viruses induce systemic infection in the plant host in the absence of virus-encoded movement proteins.
这项研究展示了两种伞形病毒样病毒如何在没有病毒编码的运动蛋白的情况下诱导植物宿主发生系统性感染。
{"title":"Viruses on the move","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01056-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01056-8","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows how two umbravirus-like viruses induce systemic infection in the plant host in the absence of virus-encoded movement proteins.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 7","pages":"388-388"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01045-x
Ivan Sugrue, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill
Bacteriocins are potent antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria. Since their discovery almost a century ago, diverse peptides have been discovered and described, and some are currently used as commercial food preservatives. Many bacteriocins exhibit extensively post-translationally modified structures encoded on complex gene clusters, whereas others have simple linear structures. The molecular structures, mechanisms of action and resistance have been determined for a number of bacteriocins, but most remain incompletely characterized. These gene-encoded peptides are amenable to bioengineering strategies and heterologous expression, enabling metagenomic mining and modification of novel antimicrobials. The ongoing global antimicrobial resistance crisis demands that novel therapeutics be developed to combat infectious pathogens. New compounds that are target-specific and compatible with the resident microbiota would be valuable alternatives to current antimicrobials. As bacteriocins can be broad or narrow spectrum in nature, they are promising tools for this purpose. However, few bacteriocins have gone beyond preclinical trials and none is currently used therapeutically in humans. In this Review, we explore the broad diversity in bacteriocin structure and function, describe identification and optimization methods and discuss the reasons behind the lack of translation beyond the laboratory of these potentially valuable antimicrobials. In this Review, Sugrue, Ross and Hill explore recent developments in bacteriocin research, including new discoveries and bioengineering approaches for improved activity, and discuss their application in microbiome modulation and clinical potential.
{"title":"Bacteriocin diversity, function, discovery and application as antimicrobials","authors":"Ivan Sugrue, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01045-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01045-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriocins are potent antimicrobial peptides that are produced by bacteria. Since their discovery almost a century ago, diverse peptides have been discovered and described, and some are currently used as commercial food preservatives. Many bacteriocins exhibit extensively post-translationally modified structures encoded on complex gene clusters, whereas others have simple linear structures. The molecular structures, mechanisms of action and resistance have been determined for a number of bacteriocins, but most remain incompletely characterized. These gene-encoded peptides are amenable to bioengineering strategies and heterologous expression, enabling metagenomic mining and modification of novel antimicrobials. The ongoing global antimicrobial resistance crisis demands that novel therapeutics be developed to combat infectious pathogens. New compounds that are target-specific and compatible with the resident microbiota would be valuable alternatives to current antimicrobials. As bacteriocins can be broad or narrow spectrum in nature, they are promising tools for this purpose. However, few bacteriocins have gone beyond preclinical trials and none is currently used therapeutically in humans. In this Review, we explore the broad diversity in bacteriocin structure and function, describe identification and optimization methods and discuss the reasons behind the lack of translation beyond the laboratory of these potentially valuable antimicrobials. In this Review, Sugrue, Ross and Hill explore recent developments in bacteriocin research, including new discoveries and bioengineering approaches for improved activity, and discuss their application in microbiome modulation and clinical potential.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 9","pages":"556-571"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140903144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-10DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01055-9
Agustina Taglialegna
In this study, Zhang et al. report that a bacterial symbiont residing in the gut of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes protects them from flavivirus infection.
在这项研究中，Zhang 等人报告说，白纹伊蚊肠道中的一种细菌共生体能保护它们免受黄病毒感染。
{"title":"A mosquito symbiont controls flaviviruses","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01055-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01055-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Zhang et al. report that a bacterial symbiont residing in the gut of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes protects them from flavivirus infection.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 7","pages":"387-387"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140903046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01041-1
Matthew J. Shepherd, Taoran Fu, Niamh E. Harrington, Anastasia Kottara, Kendall Cagney, James D. Chalmers, Steve Paterson, Joanne L. Fothergill, Michael A. Brockhurst
The ecological and evolutionary mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence within patients and how these vary across bacterial infections are poorly understood. Increasingly widespread use of pathogen genome sequencing in the clinic enables a deeper understanding of these processes. In this Review, we explore the clinical evidence to support four major mechanisms of within-patient AMR emergence in bacteria: spontaneous resistance mutations; in situ horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes; selection of pre-existing resistance; and immigration of resistant lineages. Within-patient AMR emergence occurs across a wide range of host niches and bacterial species, but the importance of each mechanism varies between bacterial species and infection sites within the body. We identify potential drivers of such differences and discuss how ecological and evolutionary analysis could be embedded within clinical trials of antimicrobials, which are powerful but underused tools for understanding why these mechanisms vary between pathogens, infections and individuals. Ultimately, improving understanding of how host niche, bacterial species and antibiotic mode of action combine to govern the ecological and evolutionary mechanism of AMR emergence in patients will enable more predictive and personalized diagnosis and antimicrobial therapies. In this Review, Shepherd, Brockhurst and colleagues explore the clinical evidence in support of four major ecological and evolutionary mechanisms of within-patient antimicrobial resistance emergence in bacteria, and how host niche, bacterial species and antibiotic mode of action combine to govern these mechanisms.
人们对抗菌药耐药性（AMR）在患者体内产生的生态和进化机制以及这些机制在不同细菌感染中的差异知之甚少。病原体基因组测序技术在临床中的应用日益广泛，使我们能够更深入地了解这些过程。在本综述中，我们将探讨临床证据支持细菌在患者体内出现抗药性的四种主要机制：自发抗药性突变；抗药性基因的原位水平基因转移；原有抗药性的选择；以及抗药性菌系的迁移。患者体内的 AMR 出现在多种宿主生态位和细菌种类中，但每种机制的重要性因细菌种类和体内感染部位而异。我们确定了这种差异的潜在驱动因素，并讨论了如何将生态和进化分析嵌入抗菌药物临床试验中，这些试验是了解这些机制为何在病原体、感染和个体之间存在差异的有力工具，但却未得到充分利用。最终，如果能更好地了解宿主生态位、细菌种类和抗生素作用模式如何共同作用于患者体内 AMR 出现的生态和进化机制，就能实现更具预测性和个性化的诊断和抗菌疗法。
{"title":"Ecological and evolutionary mechanisms driving within-patient emergence of antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Matthew J. Shepherd, Taoran Fu, Niamh E. Harrington, Anastasia Kottara, Kendall Cagney, James D. Chalmers, Steve Paterson, Joanne L. Fothergill, Michael A. Brockhurst","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01041-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01041-1","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological and evolutionary mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence within patients and how these vary across bacterial infections are poorly understood. Increasingly widespread use of pathogen genome sequencing in the clinic enables a deeper understanding of these processes. In this Review, we explore the clinical evidence to support four major mechanisms of within-patient AMR emergence in bacteria: spontaneous resistance mutations; in situ horizontal gene transfer of resistance genes; selection of pre-existing resistance; and immigration of resistant lineages. Within-patient AMR emergence occurs across a wide range of host niches and bacterial species, but the importance of each mechanism varies between bacterial species and infection sites within the body. We identify potential drivers of such differences and discuss how ecological and evolutionary analysis could be embedded within clinical trials of antimicrobials, which are powerful but underused tools for understanding why these mechanisms vary between pathogens, infections and individuals. Ultimately, improving understanding of how host niche, bacterial species and antibiotic mode of action combine to govern the ecological and evolutionary mechanism of AMR emergence in patients will enable more predictive and personalized diagnosis and antimicrobial therapies. In this Review, Shepherd, Brockhurst and colleagues explore the clinical evidence in support of four major ecological and evolutionary mechanisms of within-patient antimicrobial resistance emergence in bacteria, and how host niche, bacterial species and antibiotic mode of action combine to govern these mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 10","pages":"650-665"},"PeriodicalIF":69.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140817851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01053-x
Ashley York
A recent study reports the existence of a nitrogen-fixing organelle called the ‘nitroplast’.
最近的一项研究报告了一种名为 "硝基细胞 "的固氮细胞器的存在。
{"title":"Nitroplast organelle unveiled","authors":"Ashley York","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01053-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01053-x","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study reports the existence of a nitrogen-fixing organelle called the ‘nitroplast’.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 6","pages":"323-323"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01052-y
Agustina Taglialegna
In this study, Carrasco Flores et al. report that the bacterium Mycetocola lacteus protects the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii from the antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas protegens.
{"title":"Mycetocola to the rescue","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01052-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01052-y","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Carrasco Flores et al. report that the bacterium Mycetocola lacteus protects the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii from the antagonistic activity of Pseudomonas protegens.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 6","pages":"324-324"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01049-7
Ricardo Soto-Rifo
In this Journal Club, Ricardo Soto-Rifo discusses a study on intron-containing HIV-1 RNA, revealing its role as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern in myeloid cells, which has implications for immune activation, inflammation and clinical outcomes.
{"title":"The complex life of the HIV-1 full-length RNA","authors":"Ricardo Soto-Rifo","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01049-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01049-7","url":null,"abstract":"In this Journal Club, Ricardo Soto-Rifo discusses a study on intron-containing HIV-1 RNA, revealing its role as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern in myeloid cells, which has implications for immune activation, inflammation and clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 6","pages":"325-325"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01050-0
Andrea Du Toit
This study shows that a single-stranded RNA phage binds to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus, leading to phage entry into the cell and the detachment of the pilus, which impairs bacterial motility.
这项研究表明，单链 RNA 噬菌体能与铜绿假单胞菌 IV 型柔毛结合，导致噬菌体进入细胞并脱离柔毛，从而损害细菌的运动能力。
{"title":"Phages get snappy","authors":"Andrea Du Toit","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01050-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01050-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study shows that a single-stranded RNA phage binds to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pilus, leading to phage entry into the cell and the detachment of the pilus, which impairs bacterial motility.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 6","pages":"324-324"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01047-9
Agustina Taglialegna
In this study, Granton et al. show that biofilm-associated exopolysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa control sickness during lung infection.
在这项研究中，Granton 等人发现铜绿假单胞菌产生的生物膜相关外多糖能在肺部感染期间控制疾病。
{"title":"Shaking up that sick feeling with biofilm sugars","authors":"Agustina Taglialegna","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01047-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01047-9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Granton et al. show that biofilm-associated exopolysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa control sickness during lung infection.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 6","pages":"323-323"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, and serious social and economic disruptions worldwide. Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated older individuals with underlying diseases are especially prone to severe disease. In patients with non-fatal disease, long COVID affecting multiple body systems may persist for months. Unlike SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which have either been mitigated or remained geographically restricted, SARS-CoV-2 has disseminated globally and is likely to continue circulating in humans with possible emergence of new variants that may render vaccines less effective. Thus, safe, effective and readily available COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. In this Review, we summarize the major drug discovery approaches, preclinical antiviral evaluation models, representative virus-targeting and host-targeting therapeutic options, and key therapeutics currently in clinical use for COVID-19. Preparedness against future coronavirus pandemics relies not only on effective vaccines but also on broad-spectrum antivirals targeting conserved viral components or universal host targets, and new therapeutics that can precisely modulate the immune response during infection. In this Review, Chan et al. explore major drug discovery approaches, preclinical antiviral evaluation models, virus-targeting and host-targeting therapeutic strategies, and key treatments currently used in clinical settings for COVID-19.
{"title":"COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options","authors":"Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Hin Chu, Siddharth Sridhar, Kwok-Yung Yuen","doi":"10.1038/s41579-024-01036-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41579-024-01036-y","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, and serious social and economic disruptions worldwide. Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated older individuals with underlying diseases are especially prone to severe disease. In patients with non-fatal disease, long COVID affecting multiple body systems may persist for months. Unlike SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which have either been mitigated or remained geographically restricted, SARS-CoV-2 has disseminated globally and is likely to continue circulating in humans with possible emergence of new variants that may render vaccines less effective. Thus, safe, effective and readily available COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. In this Review, we summarize the major drug discovery approaches, preclinical antiviral evaluation models, representative virus-targeting and host-targeting therapeutic options, and key therapeutics currently in clinical use for COVID-19. Preparedness against future coronavirus pandemics relies not only on effective vaccines but also on broad-spectrum antivirals targeting conserved viral components or universal host targets, and new therapeutics that can precisely modulate the immune response during infection. In this Review, Chan et al. explore major drug discovery approaches, preclinical antiviral evaluation models, virus-targeting and host-targeting therapeutic strategies, and key treatments currently used in clinical settings for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":18838,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Microbiology","volume":"22 7","pages":"391-407"},"PeriodicalIF":88.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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