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PRC2-RNA interactions: Viewpoint from Jimmy K. Guo, Mario R. Blanco, and Mitchell Guttman PRC2-RNA 相互作用:Jimmy K. Guo、Mario R. Blanco 和 Mitchell Guttman 的观点
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.007
Jimmy K. Guo, Mario R. Blanco, Mitchell Guttman
Many reported PRC2-RNA interactions have been shown to be functionally dispensable, raising questions about whether they occur in vivo. Here, we lay out technical issues with existing evidence for direct binding and argue that there is currently a lack of biochemical or functional evidence for direct PRC2-RNA binding in vivo.
许多报道的 PRC2-RNA 相互作用已被证明在功能上是可有可无的,从而引发了关于它们是否在体内发生的疑问。在这里,我们阐述了现有直接结合证据的技术问题,并认为目前缺乏 PRC2-RNA 在体内直接结合的生化或功能证据。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding nuclear mRNA export: Survival under stress 了解核 mRNA 的输出:压力下的生存
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.028
Johanna Franziska Seidler, Katja Sträßer
Nuclear messenger RNA (mRNA) export is vital for cell survival under both physiological and stress conditions. To cope with stress, cells block bulk mRNA export while selectively exporting stress-specific mRNAs. Under physiological conditions, nuclear adaptor proteins recruit the mRNA exporter to the mRNA for export. By contrast, during stress conditions, the mRNA exporter is likely directly recruited to stress-specific mRNAs at their transcription sites to facilitate selective mRNA export. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of nuclear mRNA export. Importantly, we explore insights into the mechanisms that block bulk mRNA export and facilitate transcript-specific mRNA export under stress, highlighting the gaps that still need to be filled.
核信使核糖核酸(mRNA)的输出对于细胞在生理和应激条件下的生存至关重要。为了应对应激,细胞会阻止大量 mRNA 的输出,同时选择性地输出应激特异性 mRNA。在生理条件下,核适配蛋白会将 mRNA 导出器吸引到 mRNA 上进行导出。相比之下,在应激条件下,mRNA导出器很可能直接被招募到应激特异性mRNA的转录位点,以促进mRNA的选择性导出。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前对核 mRNA 导出的理解。重要的是,我们探讨了应激状态下阻止大量 mRNA 导出和促进转录本特异性 mRNA 导出的机制,并强调了仍需填补的空白。
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引用次数: 0
Epitranscriptome in action: RNA modifications in the DNA damage response Epitranscriptome in action:DNA 损伤反应中的 RNA 修饰
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.003
Blerta Xhemalçe, Kyle M. Miller, Natalia Gromak
Complex pathways involving the DNA damage response (DDR) contend with cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic sources of DNA damage. DDR mis-regulation results in genome instability that can contribute to aging and diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have highlighted key roles for several RNA species in the DDR, including short RNAs and RNA/DNA hybrids (R-loops) at DNA break sites, all contributing to efficient DNA repair. RNAs can undergo more than 170 distinct chemical modifications. These RNA modifications have emerged as key orchestrators of the DDR. Here, we highlight the function of enzyme- and non-enzyme-induced RNA modifications in the DDR, with particular emphasis on m6A, m5C, and RNA editing. We also discuss stress-induced RNA damage, including RNA alkylation/oxidation, RNA-protein crosslinks, and UV-induced RNA damage. Uncovering molecular mechanisms that underpin the contribution of RNA modifications to DDR and genome stability will have direct application to disease and approaches for therapeutic intervention.
涉及 DNA 损伤应答(DDR)的复杂通路要与细胞内在和外在的 DNA 损伤源进行抗争。DDR 失调会导致基因组不稳定,从而引起衰老以及癌症和神经变性等疾病。最近的研究强调了几种 RNA 在 DDR 中的关键作用,包括 DNA 断裂位点的短 RNA 和 RNA/DNA 杂交(R-环),它们都有助于高效的 DNA 修复。RNA 可进行 170 多种不同的化学修饰。这些 RNA 修饰已成为 DDR 的关键协调者。在此,我们将重点介绍酶和非酶诱导的 RNA 修饰在 DDR 中的功能,特别强调 m6A、m5C 和 RNA 编辑。我们还讨论了应激诱导的 RNA 损伤,包括 RNA 烷基化/氧化、RNA 蛋白交联和紫外线诱导的 RNA 损伤。揭示 RNA 修饰对 DDR 和基因组稳定性所起作用的分子机制将直接应用于疾病和治疗干预方法。
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引用次数: 0
The many faces of RNA 核糖核酸的多面性
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.017
Bryan T. Harada
No Abstract
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic conformation: Marching toward circular RNA function and application 动态构象:向环形 RNA 的功能和应用迈进
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.020
Chu-Xiao Liu, Li Yang, Ling-Ling Chen
Circular RNA is a group of covalently closed, single-stranded transcripts with unique biogenesis, stability, and conformation that play distinct roles in modulating cellular functions and also possess a great potential for developing circular RNA-based therapies. Importantly, due to its circular conformation, circular RNA generates distinct intramolecular base pairing that is different from the linear transcript. In this perspective, we review how circular RNA conformation can affect its turnover and modes of action, as well as what factors can modulate circular RNA conformation. We also discuss how understanding circular RNA conformation can facilitate learning about their functions as well as the remaining technological issues to further address their conformation. These efforts will ultimately inform the design of circular RNA-based platforms for biomedical applications.
环状 RNA 是一组共价封闭的单链转录本,具有独特的生物发生、稳定性和构象,在调节细胞功能方面发挥着不同的作用,在开发基于环状 RNA 的疗法方面也具有巨大潜力。重要的是,由于其环状构象,环状 RNA 会产生不同于线性转录本的分子内碱基配对。在这一视角中,我们回顾了环状 RNA 构象如何影响其周转和作用模式,以及哪些因素可以调节环状 RNA 构象。我们还讨论了了解环状 RNA 构象如何促进对其功能的了解,以及进一步解决其构象问题的剩余技术问题。这些努力最终将为设计基于环状 RNA 的生物医学应用平台提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
An RNA-centric view of transcription and genome organization 以 RNA 为中心的转录和基因组组织视角
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.021
Jonathan E. Henninger, Richard A. Young
Foundational models of transcriptional regulation involve the assembly of protein complexes at DNA elements associated with specific genes. These assemblies, which can include transcription factors, cofactors, RNA polymerase, and various chromatin regulators, form dynamic spatial compartments that contribute to both gene regulation and local genome architecture. This DNA-protein-centric view has been modified with recent evidence that RNA molecules have important roles to play in gene regulation and genome structure. Here, we discuss evidence that gene regulation by RNA occurs at multiple levels that include assembly of transcriptional complexes and genome compartments, feedback regulation of active genes, silencing of genes, and control of protein kinases. We thus provide an RNA-centric view of transcriptional regulation that must reside alongside the more traditional DNA-protein-centric perspectives on gene regulation and genome architecture.
转录调控的基本模式涉及在与特定基因相关的 DNA 元件上组装蛋白质复合物。这些集合体可能包括转录因子、辅助因子、RNA 聚合酶和各种染色质调节因子,它们形成了动态的空间分区,有助于基因调控和局部基因组结构。最近有证据表明,RNA 分子在基因调控和基因组结构中发挥着重要作用,从而改变了这种以 DNA 蛋白为中心的观点。在这里,我们讨论了 RNA 在多个水平上进行基因调控的证据,这些水平包括转录复合物和基因组分区的组装、活性基因的反馈调控、基因沉默以及蛋白激酶的控制。因此,我们提供了一种以 RNA 为中心的转录调控观点,它必须与更传统的以 DNA 蛋白为中心的基因调控和基因组结构观点并存。
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引用次数: 0
Filament formation activates protease and ring nuclease activities of CRISPR Lon-SAVED 丝状体的形成激活了 CRISPR Lon-SAVED 的蛋白酶和环状核酸酶活性
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.002
Dalia Smalakyte, Audrone Ruksenaite, Giedrius Sasnauskas, Giedre Tamulaitiene, Gintautas Tamulaitis
To combat phage infection, type III CRISPR-Cas systems utilize cyclic oligoadenylates (cAn) signaling to activate various auxiliary effectors, including the CRISPR-associated Lon-SAVED protease CalpL, which forms a tripartite effector system together with an anti-σ factor, CalpT, and an ECF-like σ factor, CalpS. Here, we report the characterization of the Candidatus Cloacimonas acidaminovorans CalpL-CalpT-CalpS. We demonstrate that cA4 binding triggers CalpL filament formation and activates it to cleave CalpT within the CalpT-CalpS dimer. This cleavage exposes the CalpT C-degron, which targets it for further degradation by cellular proteases. Consequently, CalpS is released to bind to RNA polymerase, causing growth arrest in E. coli. Furthermore, the CalpL-CalpT-CalpS system is regulated by the SAVED domain of CalpL, which is a ring nuclease that cleaves cA4 in a sequential three-step mechanism. These findings provide key mechanistic details for the activation, proteolytic events, and regulation of the signaling cascade in the type III CRISPR-Cas immunity.
为了对抗噬菌体感染,III型CRISPR-Cas系统利用环状寡腺苷酸(cAn)信号来激活各种辅助效应器,包括CRISPR相关的Lon-SAVED蛋白酶CalpL,它与抗σ因子CalpT和类ECFσ因子CalpS一起构成了一个三方效应器系统。在这里,我们报告了 Cloacimonas acidaminovorans 杆菌 CalpL-CalpT-CalpS 的特征。我们证明,cA4 的结合会触发 CalpL 长丝的形成,并激活它裂解 CalpT-CalpS 二聚体中的 CalpT。这种裂解暴露了 CalpT 的 C-半导,使其成为细胞蛋白酶进一步降解的目标。因此,CalpS 被释放出来与 RNA 聚合酶结合,导致大肠杆菌生长停滞。此外,CalpL-CalpT-CalpS 系统还受 CalpL 的 SAVED 结构域调控,SAVED 结构域是一种环状核酸酶,能以三步顺序机制裂解 cA4。这些发现为III型CRISPR-Cas免疫中信号级联的激活、蛋白水解事件和调控提供了关键的机制细节。
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of fungal phosphate homeostasis by the plant hormone strigolactone 植物激素绞股蓝内酯对真菌磷酸盐平衡的调节作用
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.004
James M. Bradley, Michael Bunsick, George Ly, Bruno Aquino, Flora Zhiqi Wang, Duncan Holbrook-Smith, Shingo Suginoo, Dylan Bradizza, Naoki Kato, Omar As’sadiq, Nina Marsh, Hiroyuki Osada, François-Didier Boyer, Christopher S.P. McErlean, Yuichiro Tsuchiya, Rajagopal Subramaniam, Dario Bonetta, Peter McCourt, Shelley Lumba
Inter-kingdom communication through small molecules is essential to the coexistence of organisms in an ecosystem. In soil communities, the plant root is a nexus of interactions for a remarkable number of fungi and is a source of small-molecule plant hormones that shape fungal compositions. Although hormone signaling pathways are established in plants, how fungi perceive and respond to molecules is unclear because many plant-associated fungi are recalcitrant to experimentation. Here, we develop an approach using the model fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to elucidate mechanisms of fungal response to plant hormones. Two plant hormones, strigolactone and methyl jasmonate, produce unique transcript profiles in yeast, affecting phosphate and sugar metabolism, respectively. Genetic analysis in combination with structural studies suggests that SLs require the high-affinity transporter Pho84 to modulate phosphate homeostasis. The ability to study small-molecule plant hormones in a tractable genetic system should have utility in understanding fungal-plant interactions.
通过小分子进行王国间交流对生态系统中生物的共存至关重要。在土壤群落中,植物根部是大量真菌相互作用的纽带,也是影响真菌组成的小分子植物激素的来源。虽然植物中已经建立了激素信号通路,但真菌如何感知和响应这些分子尚不清楚,因为许多与植物相关的真菌不愿意接受实验。在这里,我们利用模式真菌酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)来阐明真菌对植物激素的反应机制。绞股蓝内酯和茉莉酸甲酯这两种植物激素会在酵母中产生独特的转录谱,分别影响磷酸盐和糖的代谢。遗传分析结合结构研究表明,SLs 需要高亲和性转运体 Pho84 来调节磷酸盐的平衡。在可控的遗传系统中研究小分子植物激素的能力应有助于了解真菌与植物之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen sulfide-mediated persulfidation regulates homocysteine metabolism and enhances ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer 硫化氢介导的过硫化作用可调控非小细胞肺癌中的同型半胱氨酸代谢并增强其铁蛋白沉积能力
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.035
Hualei Zheng, Huidi Chen, Yunjie Cai, Min Shen, Xilin Li, Yi Han, Xusheng Deng, Hongjie Cao, Junjia Liu, Hao Li, Benchao Liu, Ganlin Li, Xindong Wang, Hui Chen, Jingjing Hou, Shu-Hai Lin, Lili Zong, Yongyou Zhang
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a metabolite of the transsulfuration pathway, has been implicated in ferroptosis, a unique form of cell death caused by lipid peroxidation. While the exact mechanisms controlling ferroptosis remain unclear, our study reveals that H₂S sensitizes human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells to this process, particularly when cysteine levels are low. Combining H₂S with cystine depletion significantly enhances the effectiveness of ferroptosis-based cancer therapy. Mechanistically, H₂S persulfidates the 195th cysteine on S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), reducing its enzymatic activity. This leads to decreased homocysteine levels, subsequently lowering cysteine and glutathione concentrations under cystine depletion conditions. These changes ultimately increase the vulnerability of NSCLC cells to ferroptosis. Our findings establish H₂S as a key regulator of homocysteine metabolism and a critical factor in determining NSCLC cell susceptibility to ferroptosis. These results highlight the potential of H₂S-based therapies to improve the efficacy of ferroptosis-targeted cancer treatments for NSCLC.
硫化氢(H₂S)是反式硫化途径的一种代谢产物,它与铁蜕变(一种由脂质过氧化引起的独特的细胞死亡形式)有关。虽然控制铁中毒的确切机制仍不清楚,但我们的研究发现,H₂S 会使人类非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞对这一过程敏感,尤其是当半胱氨酸水平较低时。将H₂S与胱氨酸耗竭相结合,可显著提高基于铁突变的癌症治疗效果。从机理上讲,H₂S 可使 S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸水解酶(SAHH)上的第 195 个半胱氨酸过硫化,从而降低其酶活性。这导致同型半胱氨酸水平下降,进而在胱氨酸耗竭条件下降低半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的浓度。这些变化最终增加了 NSCLC 细胞对铁变态反应的脆弱性。我们的研究结果表明,H₂S 是同型半胱氨酸代谢的关键调节因子,也是决定 NSCLC 细胞对铁中毒易感性的关键因素。这些结果凸显了基于 H₂S 的疗法在提高 NSCLC 癌症铁突变靶向疗法疗效方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Structural basis of the human transcriptional Mediator regulated by its dissociable kinase module 由可分离激酶模块调控的人类转录媒介的结构基础
IF 16 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.09.001
Ti-Chun Chao, Shin-Fu Chen, Hee Jong Kim, Hui-Chi Tang, Hsiang-Ching Tseng, An Xu, Leon Palao, Subash Khadka, Tao Li, Mo-Fan Huang, Dung-Fang Lee, Kenji Murakami, Thomas G. Boyer, Kuang-Lei Tsai
The eukaryotic transcriptional Mediator comprises a large core (cMED) and a dissociable CDK8 kinase module (CKM). cMED recruits RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) and promotes pre-initiation complex formation in a manner repressed by the CKM through mechanisms presently unknown. Herein, we report cryoelectron microscopy structures of the complete human Mediator and its CKM. The CKM binds to multiple regions on cMED through both MED12 and MED13, including a large intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in the latter. MED12 and MED13 together anchor the CKM to the cMED hook, positioning CDK8 downstream and proximal to the transcription start site. Notably, the MED13 IDR obstructs the recruitment of RNA Pol II/MED26 onto cMED by direct occlusion of their respective binding sites, leading to functional repression of cMED-dependent transcription. Combined with biochemical and functional analyses, these structures provide a conserved mechanistic framework to explain the basis for CKM-mediated repression of cMED function.
真核生物转录介导子由一个大核心(cMED)和一个可分离的 CDK8 激酶模块(CKM)组成。cMED 通过目前尚不清楚的机制招募 RNA 聚合酶 II(RNA Pol II),并以被 CKM 抑制的方式促进预启动复合物的形成。在此,我们报告了完整的人类 Mediator 及其 CKM 的冷冻电镜结构。CKM 通过 MED12 和 MED13 与 cMED 上的多个区域结合,包括后者的一个大的内在无序区 (IDR)。MED12 和 MED13 共同将 CKM 固定在 cMED 钩子上,使 CDK8 位于转录起始位点的下游和近端。值得注意的是,MED13 IDR 通过直接阻塞 RNA Pol II/MED26 与 cMED 的结合位点,阻碍了它们在 cMED 上的招募,从而导致 cMED 依赖性转录的功能抑制。结合生化和功能分析,这些结构为解释 CKM 介导的 cMED 功能抑制提供了一个保守的机制框架。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Molecular Cell
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