Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02492-x
December 2025 marks the tenth anniversary of adoption of the Paris Agreement. Although we have seen both achievements and disappointments in the past decade, we believe that the Paris Agreement will keep playing a key role in international climate actions.
{"title":"Paris Agreement in a new era","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02492-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02492-x","url":null,"abstract":"December 2025 marks the tenth anniversary of adoption of the Paris Agreement. Although we have seen both achievements and disappointments in the past decade, we believe that the Paris Agreement will keep playing a key role in international climate actions.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 11","pages":"1123-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02492-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02468-x
Robin Lamboll
Human greenhouse gas emissions are raising temperatures and sea levels, collapsing ice sheets and acidifying oceans. Now, research maps out the range of emissions pathways that can limit these changes.
{"title":"Pathways to a safer planet","authors":"Robin Lamboll","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02468-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02468-x","url":null,"abstract":"Human greenhouse gas emissions are raising temperatures and sea levels, collapsing ice sheets and acidifying oceans. Now, research maps out the range of emissions pathways that can limit these changes.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 12","pages":"1271-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02460-5
Thomas Bossy, Philippe Ciais, Katsumasa Tanaka, Franck Lecocq, Philippe Bousquet, Thomas Gasser
Climate boundaries are planetary boundaries for the climate system: limits within which humanity can sustainably prosper. Here we introduce a modelling framework to analyse global warming, ocean acidification, sea-level rise and Arctic sea-ice melt. Using a reduced-form model, we map out anthropogenic CO2 emissions, carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management pathways compatible with these boundaries. We define safety levels as the probability to stay within one or several boundaries considering physical uncertainty. If CO2 emissions peak in 2030, net-zero CO2 is reached in 2050, and carbon dioxide removal capacity is 10 PgC yr−1, without solar radiation management, remaining within the global warming boundary of 2 °C exhibits a safety level of 80%. When all four boundaries are considered together, the safety level drops to 35%. Our results highlight key trade-offs in mitigation options and suggest a need to assess climate boundaries holistically to develop sustainable future strategies. This study explores pathways of emissions and mitigation compatible with four climate boundaries—planetary boundaries for the climate system. The results highlight the importance of peak emission timing, limitation of carbon budgets as a sole indicator and trade-offs between mitigation options.
{"title":"Spaces of anthropogenic CO2 emissions compatible with climate boundaries","authors":"Thomas Bossy, Philippe Ciais, Katsumasa Tanaka, Franck Lecocq, Philippe Bousquet, Thomas Gasser","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02460-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02460-5","url":null,"abstract":"Climate boundaries are planetary boundaries for the climate system: limits within which humanity can sustainably prosper. Here we introduce a modelling framework to analyse global warming, ocean acidification, sea-level rise and Arctic sea-ice melt. Using a reduced-form model, we map out anthropogenic CO2 emissions, carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management pathways compatible with these boundaries. We define safety levels as the probability to stay within one or several boundaries considering physical uncertainty. If CO2 emissions peak in 2030, net-zero CO2 is reached in 2050, and carbon dioxide removal capacity is 10 PgC yr−1, without solar radiation management, remaining within the global warming boundary of 2 °C exhibits a safety level of 80%. When all four boundaries are considered together, the safety level drops to 35%. Our results highlight key trade-offs in mitigation options and suggest a need to assess climate boundaries holistically to develop sustainable future strategies. This study explores pathways of emissions and mitigation compatible with four climate boundaries—planetary boundaries for the climate system. The results highlight the importance of peak emission timing, limitation of carbon budgets as a sole indicator and trade-offs between mitigation options.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 12","pages":"1307-1314"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145434634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02479-8
Antarctic ice shelves affect the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet and are vulnerable to damage from crevasses and rifts. Decades of satellite observations link this damage to past thinning and retreat of ice shelves. Damage is projected to intensify under future high-emission climate scenarios, further weakening ice shelves and accelerating ice loss.
{"title":"Fracturing of Antarctic ice shelves depends on future climate warming rate","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02479-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02479-8","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctic ice shelves affect the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet and are vulnerable to damage from crevasses and rifts. Decades of satellite observations link this damage to past thinning and retreat of ice shelves. Damage is projected to intensify under future high-emission climate scenarios, further weakening ice shelves and accelerating ice loss.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 12","pages":"1277-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02470-3
Bianca Carducci, Jose Rafael Guarin, Kevin Karl, Lewis Ziska, Meijian Yang, Jessica Fanzo, Jonas Jägermeyr, Alex C. Ruane, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Mario Herrero, Erik Mencos Contreras, Natalie Kozlowski, Cynthia Rosenzweig
Micronutrient deficiencies from poor dietary diversity remain a global health challenge. This issue is exacerbated by climate change-driven extreme weather events that impact crop quantity and quality. While process-based crop models effectively simulate plant nutrient (N, P, K) dynamics for productivity projections, they lack the ability to assess crop nutritional content. This Perspective proposes a framework for integrating nutrient dynamics into crop models for informing nutrition security strategies amid climate change. We delineate key biological pathways influencing nutrient uptake, translocation and density in response to elevated CO2, temperature and low precipitation. We highlight the scarcity of comprehensive datasets, underscoring the need for urgent, collaborative research to amass foundational data and models to ensure nutritional integrity in an uncertain climate. Climate change influences not only crop yields but also crop nutritional content, which is currently not simulated by process-based crop models. This Perspective proposes a way forward to integrate nutrients into crop models to assess climate impacts and highlights data needs.
{"title":"Anticipating climate impacts on nutrition through climate–crop nutrient modelling","authors":"Bianca Carducci, Jose Rafael Guarin, Kevin Karl, Lewis Ziska, Meijian Yang, Jessica Fanzo, Jonas Jägermeyr, Alex C. Ruane, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Mario Herrero, Erik Mencos Contreras, Natalie Kozlowski, Cynthia Rosenzweig","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02470-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02470-3","url":null,"abstract":"Micronutrient deficiencies from poor dietary diversity remain a global health challenge. This issue is exacerbated by climate change-driven extreme weather events that impact crop quantity and quality. While process-based crop models effectively simulate plant nutrient (N, P, K) dynamics for productivity projections, they lack the ability to assess crop nutritional content. This Perspective proposes a framework for integrating nutrient dynamics into crop models for informing nutrition security strategies amid climate change. We delineate key biological pathways influencing nutrient uptake, translocation and density in response to elevated CO2, temperature and low precipitation. We highlight the scarcity of comprehensive datasets, underscoring the need for urgent, collaborative research to amass foundational data and models to ensure nutritional integrity in an uncertain climate. Climate change influences not only crop yields but also crop nutritional content, which is currently not simulated by process-based crop models. This Perspective proposes a way forward to integrate nutrients into crop models to assess climate impacts and highlights data needs.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 11","pages":"1165-1172"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02475-y
Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, Nina Hall, Lisa Vanhala, Joana Setzer, Ian Higham, Harro van Asselt
Restrictions on civil society may drive climate activists to shift from protest to litigation. However, challenges to judicial independence, deregulation and anti-climate litigation mean that activists need to consider the conditions under which litigation leads to strengthened climate ambition and implementation.
{"title":"Reorienting climate litigation in a time of backlash","authors":"Mette Eilstrup-Sangiovanni, Nina Hall, Lisa Vanhala, Joana Setzer, Ian Higham, Harro van Asselt","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02475-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02475-y","url":null,"abstract":"Restrictions on civil society may drive climate activists to shift from protest to litigation. However, challenges to judicial independence, deregulation and anti-climate litigation mean that activists need to consider the conditions under which litigation leads to strengthened climate ambition and implementation.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 11","pages":"1133-1135"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02465-0
A human-driven increase in upwelling of carbon-rich deep waters threatens the efficiency of the Southern Ocean carbon sink, which substantially mitigates global warming. Long-term observations reveal that surface freshening since the 1990s has acted as a barrier, preventing CO2 release to the atmosphere and, temporarily, preserving the Southern Ocean’s role in slowing down climate change.
{"title":"Fresher waters in the Southern Ocean trapped CO2 at depth for decades","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02465-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02465-0","url":null,"abstract":"A human-driven increase in upwelling of carbon-rich deep waters threatens the efficiency of the Southern Ocean carbon sink, which substantially mitigates global warming. Long-term observations reveal that surface freshening since the 1990s has acted as a barrier, preventing CO2 release to the atmosphere and, temporarily, preserving the Southern Ocean’s role in slowing down climate change.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 11","pages":"1152-1153"},"PeriodicalIF":27.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145381939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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