Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.012
Megan Kelly, Ryan A Nasti
{"title":"Regulating the regulators: How expression control improves regeneration with developmental genes.","authors":"Megan Kelly, Ryan A Nasti","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.011
Zhiming Ma, Lei Wang, Jing Fan, Jian-Min Zhou
Pathogen and pests are major threats for agricultural productivity and food security. Diseases in major crops caused by pathogens or pests can reduce annual yields up to 40% (Ficke et al., 2018), resulting in billions of dollars in economic losses each year. There is an urgent need to develop innovative and sustainable technologies to protect crops from pathogens and pests and to enhance the resilience of agricultural systems. The plant immune system, which protects plants from numerous pathogens and pests, has been the focus of intensive research over the past decades. With rapid advancement in mechanistic understanding and biotechnological development, rational design of precisely regulated plant immune surveillance has become increasingly feasible. This approach is now central to breeding crops with enhanced disease/pest resistance, supporting global food security and sustainable agriculture.
病虫害是农业生产力和粮食安全的主要威胁。由病原体或害虫引起的主要作物病害可使年产量减少高达40% (Ficke et al., 2018)，每年造成数十亿美元的经济损失。迫切需要开发创新和可持续的技术，以保护作物免受病原体和害虫的侵害，并增强农业系统的抵御能力。植物免疫系统保护植物免受多种病原体和害虫的侵害，在过去的几十年里一直是深入研究的焦点。随着对机理的认识和生物技术的发展，合理设计精确调控的植物免疫监测已变得越来越可行。这种方法现在是培育抗病虫害能力增强的作物、支持全球粮食安全和可持续农业的核心。
{"title":"Integrating Plant Immune Mechanisms, Resistance Gene Discovery, and Engineering Strategies to Improve Crop Disease Resistance","authors":"Zhiming Ma, Lei Wang, Jing Fan, Jian-Min Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen and pests are major threats for agricultural productivity and food security. Diseases in major crops caused by pathogens or pests can reduce annual yields up to 40% (Ficke et al., 2018), resulting in billions of dollars in economic losses each year. There is an urgent need to develop innovative and sustainable technologies to protect crops from pathogens and pests and to enhance the resilience of agricultural systems. The plant immune system, which protects plants from numerous pathogens and pests, has been the focus of intensive research over the past decades. With rapid advancement in mechanistic understanding and biotechnological development, rational design of precisely regulated plant immune surveillance has become increasingly feasible. This approach is now central to breeding crops with enhanced disease/pest resistance, supporting global food security and sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.013
Nicolaj Jeran, Luca Tadini, Simona Masiero, Paolo Pesaresi
{"title":"Coordinated Communication Among the Nucleus, Plastids, and Mitochondria","authors":"Nicolaj Jeran, Luca Tadini, Simona Masiero, Paolo Pesaresi","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.009
Liang Ma, Jingrui Li, Jianfang Li, Yandan Huo, Yongqing Yang, Caifu Jiang, Yan Guo
Global environmental changes pose severe threats to agricultural ecosystems, particularly through soil salinization, which adversely affects crop productivity and sustainability. Salt stress disrupts plant physiological processes, causing osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, and oxidative damage, thereby impairing growth and development. Understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance and developing salt-resistant crops have therefore become critical for ensuring food security. This review synthesizes research from recent decades on plant responses to salt stress, with a focus on advances in the classic Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway and its central role in sodium homeostasis. We further discuss the emerging role of epigenetic regulation in mediating salt adaptation and the integration of salt stress responses with other environmental cues under combinatorial stress conditions. Finally, we outline future research directions aimed at developing “environmentally intelligent” crops with enhanced salt tolerance through multidisciplinary approaches combining quantitative biology, genetic engineering and genome editing technologies.
{"title":"Plant salt tolerance mechanisms: Classic signaling pathways, emerging frontiers, and future perspectives","authors":"Liang Ma, Jingrui Li, Jianfang Li, Yandan Huo, Yongqing Yang, Caifu Jiang, Yan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"Global environmental changes pose severe threats to agricultural ecosystems, particularly through soil salinization, which adversely affects crop productivity and sustainability. Salt stress disrupts plant physiological processes, causing osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, and oxidative damage, thereby impairing growth and development. Understanding the mechanisms of salt tolerance and developing salt-resistant crops have therefore become critical for ensuring food security. This review synthesizes research from recent decades on plant responses to salt stress, with a focus on advances in the classic Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling pathway and its central role in sodium homeostasis. We further discuss the emerging role of epigenetic regulation in mediating salt adaptation and the integration of salt stress responses with other environmental cues under combinatorial stress conditions. Finally, we outline future research directions aimed at developing “environmentally intelligent” crops with enhanced salt tolerance through multidisciplinary approaches combining quantitative biology, genetic engineering and genome editing technologies.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.010
Burcu Celebioglu, Jayanta Roy, Andrew Farmer, Stephanie English, Xingyao Yu, Xiaosa Xu, Phillip E. McClean, Paul Gepts, Travis A. Parker
{"title":"Domestication-related changes at PvMYB26 reduce pod shattering in common bean and shed light on the origins of agriculture in the Americas","authors":"Burcu Celebioglu, Jayanta Roy, Andrew Farmer, Stephanie English, Xingyao Yu, Xiaosa Xu, Phillip E. McClean, Paul Gepts, Travis A. Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid-sterility-mediated reproductive isolation is pivotal for speciation, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms and its response to the environment remain elusive. Here, we report a temperature-sensitive pollen killer-protector system at a three-gene Sa locus for indica-japonica rice hybrid sterility. Genetic analyses identified SaFL+, a strong pollen protector from Sa-i (indica allele), and SaFL-, a weak japonica allele from Sa-j exclusively functional under high temperatures. Protein interaction, ubiquitination, and degradation assays showed that SaF+ and SaM+ from Sa-i form a pollen-killer complex to bind and ubiquitinate the reactive oxygen species scavenger COX11 for degradation in mitochondria, causing male sterility of the Sa-j pollen. Protein affinity and competitive binding assays indicated that in the Sa-i pollen, SaFL+ binds SaM+ to disrupt the killer complex and restore fertility. However, the weak protector SaFL- can bind SaM+ under high temperatures, sparing the Sa-j pollen from sterility. Synteny comparisons and haplotype analyses showed that the Sa locus originated in ancient wild rice and underwent divergence in the Oryza genus during expansion from tropical to temperate environments, which might have driven the latitudinal adaptation and reproductive isolation of rice populations. Thus, Sa represents a temperature-sensitive reproductive-isolation system associated with domestication and environmental adaptation in rice.
{"title":"A tripartite pollen killer–protector system confers temperature-sensitive inter-subspecific reproductive isolation in rice","authors":"Gousi Li, Yaling Zhang, Haixin Yu, Yongyao Xie, Hao Luo, Yuzhu Wang, Jintao Tang, Jia Zhang, Xianrong Xie, Wubei Zong, Kehong Liu, Xinhe Wang, Yunming Long, Qiurong Song, Zhipeng Wu, Yao-Guang Liu, Letian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid-sterility-mediated reproductive isolation is pivotal for speciation, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms and its response to the environment remain elusive. Here, we report a temperature-sensitive pollen killer-protector system at a three-gene Sa locus for indica-japonica rice hybrid sterility. Genetic analyses identified SaFL+, a strong pollen protector from Sa-i (indica allele), and SaFL-, a weak japonica allele from Sa-j exclusively functional under high temperatures. Protein interaction, ubiquitination, and degradation assays showed that SaF+ and SaM+ from Sa-i form a pollen-killer complex to bind and ubiquitinate the reactive oxygen species scavenger COX11 for degradation in mitochondria, causing male sterility of the Sa-j pollen. Protein affinity and competitive binding assays indicated that in the Sa-i pollen, SaFL+ binds SaM+ to disrupt the killer complex and restore fertility. However, the weak protector SaFL- can bind SaM+ under high temperatures, sparing the Sa-j pollen from sterility. Synteny comparisons and haplotype analyses showed that the Sa locus originated in ancient wild rice and underwent divergence in the Oryza genus during expansion from tropical to temperate environments, which might have driven the latitudinal adaptation and reproductive isolation of rice populations. Thus, Sa represents a temperature-sensitive reproductive-isolation system associated with domestication and environmental adaptation in rice.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.004
Barbara Dusak, Mengqi Liu, Stavaniya Ghosh, Birger Lindberg Møller
Nitric oxide (NO) is in the Pantheon of plant signal molecules and hormones controlling plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental challenges. The route of NO biosynthesis in plants has remained enigmatic. Previous studies have shown the ability of peroxidases to utilize oximes for production of NO. Peroxidases are widely spread and highly expressed in plant tissues. What then is the identity of the pathway signature enzyme(s) offering tight, spatio-temporal regulation of NO production to effectuate its specific signal functions? And what are the key selection criteria to be fulfilled for genes and enzymes operating at the global level in an oxidative pathway for NO production in plants? Convergently evolved CYP79s and N-OX FMOs catalyze conversion of different amino acids into oximes. In this Perspective, we delineate how these oxygenases fine-tune spatio-temporal formation of the oximes as committed substrates for peroxidase catalyzed NO production. Based on the spatio-temporal location of the CYP79s and N-OX FMOs present in a specific plant species, NO formation in its different meristematic tissues is catalyzed by CYP79s, N-OX FMOs, or by their operation in conjunction. The oxime-based NO production is accompanied by formation of stoichiometric amounts of a diagnostic specific aldehyde detectable by GLC/LC-MS. When oximes derived from tryptophan, tyrosine, or phenylalanine are substrates for NO production, the different aldehydes formed may be oxidized to auxins. The outlined oxidative route for NO production in plants explains observations difficult to interpret in previous plant signal and hormone studies. FMOs may also contribute to NO-formation in animals.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of nitric oxide in plants: An oxidative pathway orchestrated by the interplay of CYP79s, N-OX FMOs, and peroxidases","authors":"Barbara Dusak, Mengqi Liu, Stavaniya Ghosh, Birger Lindberg Møller","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide (NO) is in the Pantheon of plant signal molecules and hormones controlling plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental challenges. The route of NO biosynthesis in plants has remained enigmatic. Previous studies have shown the ability of peroxidases to utilize oximes for production of NO. Peroxidases are widely spread and highly expressed in plant tissues. What then is the identity of the pathway signature enzyme(s) offering tight, spatio-temporal regulation of NO production to effectuate its specific signal functions? And what are the key selection criteria to be fulfilled for genes and enzymes operating at the global level in an oxidative pathway for NO production in plants? Convergently evolved CYP79s and N-OX FMOs catalyze conversion of different amino acids into oximes. In this Perspective, we delineate how these oxygenases fine-tune spatio-temporal formation of the oximes as committed substrates for peroxidase catalyzed NO production. Based on the spatio-temporal location of the CYP79s and N-OX FMOs present in a specific plant species, NO formation in its different meristematic tissues is catalyzed by CYP79s, N-OX FMOs, or by their operation in conjunction. The oxime-based NO production is accompanied by formation of stoichiometric amounts of a diagnostic specific aldehyde detectable by GLC/LC-MS. When oximes derived from tryptophan, tyrosine, or phenylalanine are substrates for NO production, the different aldehydes formed may be oxidized to auxins. The outlined oxidative route for NO production in plants explains observations difficult to interpret in previous plant signal and hormone studies. FMOs may also contribute to NO-formation in animals.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"1208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatiotemporal regulation of polar auxin transport, mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers, enables plants to coordinate developmental programs with environmental cues. Here we identify SnRK2.5, an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent member of the SNF1-related protein kinase family, as a key regulator linking osmotic stress signaling to the modulation of auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Osmotic stress-activated SnRK2.5 directly phosphorylates PIN2 at Ser237 and Ser259. Genetic and cell biological analyses demonstrate that these phosphorylation events govern PIN2 vesicular trafficking, vacuolar targeting, and transport activity. Mutating these phosphorylation sites impairs PIN2-dependent auxin redistribution, thereby compromising root tropic responses and reducing osmotic stress tolerance. Our findings reveal a regulatory mechanism whereby SnRK2.5-mediated phosphorylation of PIN2 dynamically adjusts auxin flux to optimize plant growth in response to water availability, uncovering a critical adaptive strategy in plants.
由PIN- formed （PIN）外排载体介导的极性生长素运输的时空调节，使植物能够根据环境线索协调发育程序。本研究发现SnRK2.5是snf1相关蛋白激酶家族中一个不依赖ABA的成员，是拟南芥渗透胁迫信号与生长素运输调节之间的关键调节因子。渗透胁迫激活的SnRK2.5直接磷酸化PIN2的Ser237和Ser259。遗传和细胞生物学分析表明，这些磷酸化事件控制着PIN2的囊泡运输、液泡靶向和运输活性。这些磷酸化位点的突变会损害依赖pin2的生长素再分配，从而损害向根反应并降低渗透胁迫耐受性。我们的研究结果揭示了snrk2.5介导的PIN2磷酸化动态调节生长素通量以优化植物生长以响应水分供应的调控机制，揭示了植物的关键适应策略。
{"title":"SnRK2.5-mediated phosphorylation of PIN2 links osmotic stress signaling with auxin-dependent root adaptive growth in Arabidopsis","authors":"Shujuan Zhang, Zilong Cui, Yu Gao, Qi Liao, Wenyan Li, Siqi Yuan, Zhuomeng Li, Xinwen Zhang, Kai Ding, Wenjing Zhang, Like Shen, Jörg Kudla, Wenhua Zhang, Jing Zhang, Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"The spatiotemporal regulation of polar auxin transport, mediated by PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers, enables plants to coordinate developmental programs with environmental cues. Here we identify SnRK2.5, an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent member of the SNF1-related protein kinase family, as a key regulator linking osmotic stress signaling to the modulation of auxin transport in Arabidopsis. Osmotic stress-activated SnRK2.5 directly phosphorylates PIN2 at Ser237 and Ser259. Genetic and cell biological analyses demonstrate that these phosphorylation events govern PIN2 vesicular trafficking, vacuolar targeting, and transport activity. Mutating these phosphorylation sites impairs PIN2-dependent auxin redistribution, thereby compromising root tropic responses and reducing osmotic stress tolerance. Our findings reveal a regulatory mechanism whereby SnRK2.5-mediated phosphorylation of PIN2 dynamically adjusts auxin flux to optimize plant growth in response to water availability, uncovering a critical adaptive strategy in plants.","PeriodicalId":19012,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Plant","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":27.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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