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Aqueous extract of Laurus nobilis leaf accelerates the alcohol metabolism and prevents liver damage in single-ethanol binge rats. 月桂叶水提取物可加速酒精代谢,防止单次酒精狂饮大鼠的肝损伤。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1113
Jae In Jung, Yean-Jung Choi, Jinhak Kim, Kwang-Soo Baek, Eun Ji Kim

Background/objectives: Excessive alcohol consumption has harmful health effects, including alcohol hangovers and alcohol-related liver disease. Therefore, methods to accelerate the alcohol metabolism are needed. Laurus nobilis is a spice, flavoring agent, and traditional herbal medicine against various diseases. This study examined whether the standardized aqueous extract of L. nobilis leaves (LN) accelerates the alcohol metabolism and protects against liver damage in single-ethanol binge Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Materials/methods: LN was administered orally to SD rats 1 h before ethanol administration (3 g/kg body weight [BW]) at 100 and 300 mg/kg BW. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after ethanol administration. The livers were excised 1 h after ethanol administration to determine the hepatic enzyme activity. The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the liver tissue were measured.

Results: LN decreased the serum ethanol and acetaldehyde levels in ethanol-administered rats. LN increased the hepatic ADH and ALDH activities but decreased the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities in the ethanol-administered rats. In addition, LN inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of SOD and GPx.

Conclusions: LN modulates the mediators of various etiological effects of excessive alcohol consumption and enhances the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant activity, making it a potential candidate for hangover treatments.

背景/目的:过量饮酒对健康有害,包括宿醉和与酒精相关的肝病。因此,需要加快酒精代谢的方法。月桂是一种香料、调味剂和治疗各种疾病的传统草药。本研究探讨了标准化的月桂叶水提取物(LN)是否能加速单次酒精狂欢的斯普拉格-道利(SD)大鼠的酒精代谢并保护其免受肝损伤:在给 SD 大鼠注射乙醇(3 克/千克体重[BW])前 1 小时口服 LN,剂量为 100 毫克/千克体重和 300 毫克/千克体重。乙醇给药后 0.5、1、2 和 4 小时采集血液样本。服用乙醇 1 小时后切除肝脏,测定肝酶活性。测定肝组织中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、醛脱氢酶(ALDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性:结果:LN 降低了乙醇给药大鼠的血清乙醇和乙醛水平。LN 提高了乙醇给药大鼠肝脏 ADH 和 ALDH 的活性,但降低了丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活性。此外,LN 还能抑制脂质过氧化,提高 SOD 和 GPx 的活性:结论:LN 可调节过量饮酒的各种病因效应介质,增强酒精代谢和抗氧化活性,是治疗宿醉的潜在候选药物。
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引用次数: 0
Classification and prediction of the effects of nutritional intake on diabetes mellitus using artificial neural network sensitivity analysis: 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 利用人工神经网络敏感性分析对营养摄入对糖尿病的影响进行分类和预测:第 7 次韩国国民健康和营养调查。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1255
Kyungjin Chang, Songmin Yoo, Simyeol Lee

Background/objectives: This study aimed to predict the association between nutritional intake and diabetes mellitus (DM) by developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model for older adults.

Subjects/methods: Participants aged over 65 years from the 7th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. The diagnostic criteria of DM were set as output variables, while various nutritional intakes were set as input variables. An ANN model comprising one input layer with 16 nodes, one hidden layer with 12 nodes, and one output layer with one node was implemented in the MATLAB® programming language. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of the input variables in predicting the output.

Results: Our DM-predicting neural network model exhibited relatively high accuracy (81.3%) with 11 nutrient inputs, namely, thiamin, carbohydrates, potassium, energy, cholesterol, sugar, vitamin A, riboflavin, protein, vitamin C, and fat.

Conclusions: In this study, the neural network sensitivity analysis method based on nutrient intake demonstrated a relatively accurate classification and prediction of DM in the older population.

背景/目的:本研究旨在通过为老年人开发人工神经网络(ANN)模型来预测营养摄入与糖尿病(DM)之间的关联:纳入第 7 次(2016-2018 年)韩国国民健康与营养调查中 65 岁以上的参与者。DM的诊断标准被设定为输出变量,而各种营养摄入量被设定为输入变量。用 MATLAB® 编程语言实现了一个 ANN 模型,该模型由一个包含 16 个节点的输入层、一个包含 12 个节点的隐藏层和一个包含 1 个节点的输出层组成。进行了敏感性分析,以确定输入变量在预测输出时的相对重要性:我们的 DM 预测神经网络模型在 11 个营养素输入变量(硫胺素、碳水化合物、钾、能量、胆固醇、糖、维生素 A、核黄素、蛋白质、维生素 C 和脂肪)中表现出相对较高的准确率(81.3%):在这项研究中,基于营养素摄入量的神经网络敏感性分析方法对老年人群中的 DM 进行了相对准确的分类和预测。
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引用次数: 0
Association between body shape misperception and unhealthy eating behaviors among Korean adolescents. 韩国青少年对体形的错误认知与不健康饮食行为之间的关系。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1143
Yejin Kim, Bomgyeol Kim, Vasuki Rajaguru, Sang Gyu Lee, Tae Hyun Kim

Background/objectives: Body shape misperception (BSM) is the disagreement between the subjectively perceived body size and body mass index. This study investigated the association between BSM and unhealthy eating behaviors (UEB) among Korean adolescents.

Subjects/methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 55,748 participants. UEB were measured according to the weekly consumption frequency of caffeinated energy drinks, fast food, carbonated beverages, and sugar-sweetened beverages. The covariates included demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and health-related factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis determined the association between BSM and UEB.

Results: Among the participants, 37,607 (67.5%) reported UEB. The gap between UEB among those with BSM was the largest between the underestimated and accurately estimated groups. Participants who underestimated their body shape were likelier to engage in UEB (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.25). Both sexes with underestimation of body size showed an association with UEB compared to those with accurate estimations (girls: AOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30; boys: AOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.08-1.26).

Conclusions: Underestimating body shape can provoke UEB among Korean adolescents. The need for appropriate school health interventional programs to prevent underestimating body shape is emphasized to avoid UEB.

背景/目的:体型错误认知(BSM)是指主观感知的体型与体重指数之间存在差异。本研究调查了韩国青少年的体形误认与不健康饮食行为(UEB)之间的关联:这项横断面研究使用的数据来自 2019 年韩国青少年危险行为网络调查,共有 55 748 名参与者。根据每周饮用含咖啡因能量饮料、快餐、碳酸饮料和含糖饮料的频率来测量青少年的不健康行为。协变量包括人口和社会经济特征以及健康相关因素。多元逻辑回归分析确定了 BSM 与 UEB 之间的关联:结果:在参与者中,37 607 人(67.5%)报告了 UEB。在低估组和准确估计组之间,有 BSM 的参与者的 UEB 差距最大。低估自己体型的参与者更有可能进行 UEB(调整后的几率比 [AOR],1.18;95% 置信区间 [CI],1.11-1.25)。与准确估计体型的人相比,低估体型的男女均与膳食纤维摄入不足有关(女孩:AOR,1.19;95% CI,1.09-1.30;男孩:AOR,1.16;95% CI,1.08-1.26):结论:低估体型会引发韩国青少年的荨麻疹。结论:在韩国青少年中,低估体型会引发UEB,因此需要适当的学校健康干预计划来防止低估体型,从而避免UEB。
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引用次数: 0
Purple perilla frutescens extracts containing α-asarone inhibit inflammatory atheroma formation and promote hepatic HDL cholesterol uptake in dyslipidemic apoE-deficient mice. 含有α-asarone的紫苏提取物可抑制炎性动脉粥样斑块的形成,并促进血脂异常载脂蛋白E缺陷小鼠肝脏对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的吸收。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1099
Sin-Hye Park, Young Eun Sim, Min-Kyung Kang, Dong Yeon Kim, Il-Jun Kang, Soon Sung Lim, Young-Hee Kang

Background/objectives: Dyslipidemia causes metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver syndrome due to abnormally high blood lipids. Purple perilla frutescens extract (PPE) possesses various bioactive compounds such as α-asarone, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid. This study examined whether PPE and α-asarone improved dyslipidemia-associated inflammation and inhibited atheroma formation in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice, an experimental animal model of atherosclerosis.

Materials/methods: ApoE-deficient mice were fed on high cholesterol-diet (Paigen's diet) and orally administrated with 10-20 mg/kg PPE and α-asarone for 10 wk.

Results: The Paigen's diet reduced body weight gain in apoE-deficient mice, which was not restored by PPE or α-asarone. PPE or α-asarone improved the plasma lipid profiles in Paigen's diet-fed apoE-deficient mice, and despite a small increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very LDL were significantly reduced. Paigen's diet-induced systemic inflammation was reduced in PPE or α-asarone-treated apoE-deficient mice. Supplying PPE or α-asarone to mice lacking apoE suppressed aorta atherogenesis induced by atherogenic diet. PPE or α-asarone diminished aorta accumulation of CD68- and/or F4/80-positive macrophages induced by atherogenic diet in apoE-deficient mice. Treatment of apoE-deficient mice with PPE and α-asarone resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein level and an increase in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reduced by supply of Paigen's diet. Supplementation of PPE and α-asarone enhanced the transcription of hepatic apoA1 and SR-B1 reduced by Paigen's diet in apoE-deficient mice.

Conclusions: α-Asarone in PPE inhibited inflammation-associated atheroma formation and promoted hepatic HDL-C trafficking in dyslipidemic mice.

背景/目的:血脂异常会导致动脉粥样硬化和脂肪肝综合征等代谢紊乱。紫苏提取物(PPE)具有多种生物活性化合物,如α-asarone、绿原酸和迷迭香酸。本研究探讨了紫苏叶提取物和α-asarone是否能改善脂蛋白E(载脂蛋白E)缺陷小鼠(动脉粥样硬化的实验动物模型)与血脂异常相关的炎症,并抑制动脉粥样斑块的形成:以高胆固醇饮食(Paigen饮食)喂养载脂蛋白E缺陷小鼠,并口服10-20毫克/千克PPE和α-asarone,持续10周:结果:Paigen饮食降低了apoE缺陷小鼠的体重增加,而PPE或α-asarone不能恢复体重增加。尽管高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)略有增加,但低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著降低。PPE或α-阿司酮处理的载脂蛋白E缺陷小鼠中,培根饮食诱发的全身炎症有所减轻。向缺乏载脂蛋白E的小鼠提供PPE或α-asarone可抑制致动脉粥样硬化饮食诱导的主动脉粥样硬化。PPE或α-asarone可减少致动脉粥样硬化饮食诱导的CD68和/或F4/80阳性巨噬细胞在缺失载脂蛋白E的小鼠主动脉中的聚集。用 PPE 和 α-asarone 治疗缺失载脂蛋白小鼠可显著降低血浆胆固醇酯转移蛋白的水平,并增加卵磷脂:胆固醇酰基转移酶的水平,而供应培根饮食则会降低这一水平。结论:PPE 中的α-asarone 可抑制炎症相关动脉粥样斑块的形成,并促进血脂异常小鼠肝脏 HDL-C 的转运。
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引用次数: 0
Raw Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide counteracts Alzheimer's disease in a transgenic mouse model by activating the ubiquitin-proteosome system. 通过激活泛素-蛋白酶体系统,在转基因小鼠模型中对抗阿尔茨海默氏症。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1128
Shumin Wang, Kaiye Dong, Ji Zhang, Chaochao Chen, Hongyan Shuai, Xin Yu

Background/objectives: Inonotus obliquus has been used as antidiabetic herb around the world, especially in the Russian and Scandinavian countries. Diabetes is widely believed to be a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is widely considered to be type III diabetes. To investigate whether I. obliquus can also ameliorate AD, it would be interesting to identify new clues for AD treatment. We tested the anti-AD effects of raw Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) in a mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD transgenic mice).

Materials/methods: SPF-grade 3×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into three groups (Control, Metformin, and raw IOP groups, n = 5 per group). β-Amyloid deposition in the brain was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for AD characterization. Gene and protein expression of pertinent factors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Results: Raw IOP significantly reduced the accumulation of amyloid aggregates and facilitated UPS activity, resulting in a significant reduction in AD-related symptoms in an AD mouse model. The presence of raw IOP significantly enhanced the expression of ubiquitin, E1, and Parkin (E3) at both the mRNA and protein levels in the mouse hippocampus. The mRNA level of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, a key factor involved in UPS activation, also increased by approximately 50%.

Conclusions: Raw IOP could contribute to AD amelioration via the UPS pathway, which could be considered as a new potential strategy for AD treatment, although we could not exclude other mechanisms involved in counteracting AD processing.

背景/目的:Inonotus obliquus 一直被用作世界各地的抗糖尿病草药,尤其是在俄罗斯和斯堪的纳维亚国家。糖尿病被广泛认为是阿尔茨海默病(AD)的关键因素,而阿尔茨海默病被广泛认为是 III 型糖尿病。为了研究 I. obliquus 是否也能改善阿尔茨海默病,我们有兴趣找出治疗阿尔茨海默病的新线索。我们在AD小鼠模型(3×Tg-AD转基因小鼠)中测试了生猪藿香多糖(IOP)的抗AD作用:将SPF级3×Tg-AD小鼠随机分为三组(对照组、二甲双胍组和生茵芋多糖组,每组n=5)。使用免疫组化方法分析大脑中的β-淀粉样蛋白沉积,以确定AD的特征。使用实时定量聚合酶链反应和 Western 印迹法测定泛素-蛋白酶体系统(UPS)相关因子的基因和蛋白表达:结果:原生 IOP 能明显减少淀粉样蛋白聚集体的积累,促进 UPS 的活性,从而明显减轻 AD 小鼠模型中与 AD 相关的症状。原生 IOP 能在小鼠海马的 mRNA 和蛋白质水平上显著提高泛素、E1 和 Parkin(E3)的表达。泛素羧基末端水解酶同工酶 L1(参与 UPS 激活的关键因子)的 mRNA 水平也增加了约 50%:尽管我们不能排除其他机制参与抵消注意力缺失症的处理,但原眼压可通过UPS途径促进注意力缺失症的改善,这可被视为治疗注意力缺失症的一种新的潜在策略。
{"title":"Raw <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> polysaccharide counteracts Alzheimer's disease in a transgenic mouse model by activating the ubiquitin-proteosome system.","authors":"Shumin Wang, Kaiye Dong, Ji Zhang, Chaochao Chen, Hongyan Shuai, Xin Yu","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1128","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Inonotus obliquus</i> has been used as antidiabetic herb around the world, especially in the Russian and Scandinavian countries. Diabetes is widely believed to be a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is widely considered to be type III diabetes. To investigate whether <i>I. obliquus</i> can also ameliorate AD, it would be interesting to identify new clues for AD treatment. We tested the anti-AD effects of raw <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> polysaccharide (IOP) in a mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD transgenic mice).</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>SPF-grade 3×Tg-AD mice were randomly divided into three groups (Control, Metformin, and raw IOP groups, n = 5 per group). β-Amyloid deposition in the brain was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for AD characterization. Gene and protein expression of pertinent factors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Raw IOP significantly reduced the accumulation of amyloid aggregates and facilitated UPS activity, resulting in a significant reduction in AD-related symptoms in an AD mouse model. The presence of raw IOP significantly enhanced the expression of ubiquitin, E1, and Parkin (E3) at both the mRNA and protein levels in the mouse hippocampus. The mRNA level of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, a key factor involved in UPS activation, also increased by approximately 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Raw IOP could contribute to AD amelioration via the UPS pathway, which could be considered as a new potential strategy for AD treatment, although we could not exclude other mechanisms involved in counteracting AD processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1128-1142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracts of Grifola frondosa inhibit the MAPK signaling pathways involved in keratinocyte inflammation and ameliorate atopic dermatitis. 蛇床子提取物可抑制参与角质细胞炎症的 MAPK 信号通路,改善特应性皮炎。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1056
Eun-Ju Choi, Jin Kyeong Choi

Background/objectives: Grifola frondosa, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of G. frondosa in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models.

Materials/methods: We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in Dermatophagoides farinae extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of G. frondosa by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation.

Results: Our study revealed that G. frondosa ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, G. frondosa inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of G. frondosa on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation.

Conclusions: Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of G. frondosa as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.

背景/目的:Grifola frondosa(通常被称为 "香菇")已被广泛研究,以探索其潜在的健康益处。然而,其对皮肤疾病的抗炎作用尚未得到充分阐明。本研究旨在利用体内和体外模型阐明金针菇乙醇提取物在特应性皮炎(AD)中的抗炎作用:材料/方法:我们在小鼠模型中研究了其对Dermatophagoides farinae提取物(DFE)/1-氯-2,4二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导的特应性皮炎样皮肤损伤中皮肤和脾脏炎症反应的影响。此外,我们还通过肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α/干扰素(IFN)-γ刺激诱导角质形成细胞的特应性免疫反应,确定了番荔枝属植物的免疫抑制反应及其机制:结果:我们的研究表明,洋二仙草能改善类AD小鼠模型的临床症状。这些作用有助于抑制皮肤和脾脏中的 Th1、Th2、Th17 和 Th22 免疫反应,从而防止皮肤炎症。此外,洋二仙草还能抑制 AD 小鼠血清中免疫球蛋白 (Ig)E 和 IgG2a 抗体的产生。重要的是,洋二仙草对TNF-α/IFN-γ刺激的AD样角质细胞中炎症细胞因子的抑制作用与抑制MAPK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)通路的激活有关:总之,这些发现凸显了蛇床子作为一种新型治疗剂治疗和预防AD的潜力。
{"title":"Extracts of <i>Grifola frondosa</i> inhibit the MAPK signaling pathways involved in keratinocyte inflammation and ameliorate atopic dermatitis.","authors":"Eun-Ju Choi, Jin Kyeong Choi","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1056","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Grifola frondosa</i>, commonly referred to as the maitake mushroom, has been studied extensively to explore its potential health benefits. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in skin disorders have not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory role of the ethanol extract of <i>G. frondosa</i> in atopic dermatitis (AD) using in vivo and in vitro models.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>We investigated its impact on skin and spleen inflammatory responses in <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i> extract (DFE)/1-chloro-2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesions in a mouse model. Additionally, we determined the immunosuppressive response and mechanism of <i>G. frondosa</i> by inducing atopic-like immune reactions in keratinocytes through tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ stimulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study revealed that <i>G. frondosa</i> ameliorates clinical symptoms in an AD-like mouse model. These effects contributed to the suppression of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th22 immune responses in the skin and spleen, leading to protection against cutaneous inflammation. Furthermore, <i>G. frondosa</i> inhibited the production of antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG2a in the serum of AD mice. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of <i>G. frondosa</i> on inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated AD-like keratinocytes was associated with the suppression of MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) pathway activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of <i>G. frondosa</i> as a novel therapeutic agent for AD treatment and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1056-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea. 韩国女大学生的信念、自我效能感、主观规范和饮食行为与早餐频率的关系。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1170
Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim

Background/objectives: Skipping breakfast is prevalent in young adult women. This study examined the psychosocial factors and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students.

Subjects/methods: The subjects were female university students in Seoul, South Korea. A survey was done, and the data from 291 students were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into a high breakfast group (HBG) and low breakfast group (LBG). Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression were mainly used in data analysis.

Results: The subjects had breakfast 3.6 days/week on average. The HBG (47.4%) and the LBG (52.6%) differed significantly in breakfast status, including place, people eating together, breakfast menu, and breakfast preparers (P < 0.001). The HBG agreed more strongly with the advantages of breakfast than the LBG (P < 0.001). The disadvantages/barriers of breakfast were stronger in the LBG (P < 0.001). The HBG felt more confidence in having breakfast (P < 0.001) and confidence in general eating behaviors (P < 0.05). The two groups also differed in the subjective norms from parents/professionals (P < 0.001) and siblings/friends (P < 0.01). The HBG showed desirable eating behaviors more frequently (P < 0.001) and undesirable eating behaviors less frequently (P < 0.001). Multiple regression showed that the following were significantly related to the breakfast frequency, explaining 57.3% of the variance: self-efficacy regarding having breakfast (P < 0.001), perceived barriers of breakfast (no appetite/habit/indigestion, P < 0.001), desirable and undesirable eating behaviors (P < 0.01), subjective norms from parents/professionals (P < 0.05), and perceived barriers due to lack of time/preparation difficulties (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Psychosocial factors and eating behaviors were significantly related to the breakfast frequency. Nutrition education might include strategies to increase self-efficacy for breakfast, modify the beliefs, particularly the disadvantages/barriers of breakfast, adopt desirable eating behaviors, and elicit support from significant others.

背景/目的:不吃早餐在年轻女性中很普遍。本研究调查了女大学生的社会心理因素以及与早餐频率相关的饮食行为:研究对象为韩国首尔的女大学生。对 291 名学生的数据进行了调查和分析。受试者被分为高早餐组(HBG)和低早餐组(LBG)。数据分析主要采用协方差分析和多元线性回归法:受试者平均每周吃早餐 3.6 天。HBG 组(47.4%)和 LBG 组(52.6%)在早餐状况上有显著差异,包括地点、一起用餐的人、早餐菜单和早餐准备人(P < 0.001)。对于早餐的优点,HBG 比 LBG 更为认同(P < 0.001)。对于早餐的缺点/障碍,LBG 的认同度更高(P < 0.001)。健康体重组对吃早餐更有信心(P < 0.001),对一般饮食行为更有信心(P < 0.05)。两组在父母/专业人士的主观标准(P < 0.001)和兄弟姐妹/朋友的主观标准(P < 0.01)方面也存在差异。河北省组表现出理想饮食行为的频率更高(P < 0.001),表现出不良饮食行为的频率更低(P < 0.001)。多元回归显示,以下因素与早餐频率有显著关系,解释了 57.3% 的方差:吃早餐的自我效能感(P < 0.001)、早餐障碍感(没有食欲/习惯/消化不良,P < 0.001)、理想和不理想的饮食行为(P < 0.01)、父母/专业人士的主观规范(P < 0.05)以及由于缺乏时间/准备困难而产生的障碍感(P < 0.05):结论:心理社会因素和饮食行为与早餐频率有很大关系。营养教育可包括提高早餐的自我效能感、改变信念(尤其是早餐的不利因素/障碍)、采取理想的饮食行为以及获得重要他人的支持等策略。
{"title":"Beliefs, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students in South Korea.","authors":"Hye Jin Kim, Kyung Won Kim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1170","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Skipping breakfast is prevalent in young adult women. This study examined the psychosocial factors and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>The subjects were female university students in Seoul, South Korea. A survey was done, and the data from 291 students were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into a high breakfast group (HBG) and low breakfast group (LBG). Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression were mainly used in data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects had breakfast 3.6 days/week on average. The HBG (47.4%) and the LBG (52.6%) differed significantly in breakfast status, including place, people eating together, breakfast menu, and breakfast preparers (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The HBG agreed more strongly with the advantages of breakfast than the LBG (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The disadvantages/barriers of breakfast were stronger in the LBG (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The HBG felt more confidence in having breakfast (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and confidence in general eating behaviors (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The two groups also differed in the subjective norms from parents/professionals (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and siblings/friends (<i>P</i> < 0.01). The HBG showed desirable eating behaviors more frequently (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and undesirable eating behaviors less frequently (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Multiple regression showed that the following were significantly related to the breakfast frequency, explaining 57.3% of the variance: self-efficacy regarding having breakfast (<i>P</i> < 0.001), perceived barriers of breakfast (no appetite/habit/indigestion, <i>P</i> < 0.001), desirable and undesirable eating behaviors (<i>P</i> < 0.01), subjective norms from parents/professionals (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and perceived barriers due to lack of time/preparation difficulties (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychosocial factors and eating behaviors were significantly related to the breakfast frequency. Nutrition education might include strategies to increase self-efficacy for breakfast, modify the beliefs, particularly the disadvantages/barriers of breakfast, adopt desirable eating behaviors, and elicit support from significant others.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1170-1184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Food sources of zinc and nutritional status with usual dietary zinc intake in Korean toddlers and preschool children. 韩国幼儿和学龄前儿童的锌食物来源和营养状况与通常的膳食锌摄入量。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1211
SuJin Song, Jae Eun Shim

Background/objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the food sources of zinc and the usual intake of dietary zinc among Korean toddlers and preschool children.

Subjects/methods: A total of 2,679 children aged 1-5 years was selected from the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Dietary data collected from a single 24-h recall were used to evaluate the food sources of zinc. To estimate usual zinc intake, the distribution obtained from single 24-h recall data in the total sample was adjusted using the ratio of within-to-between-person variance in zinc intake obtained from 2-day 24-h recall sub-sample data of the 2009 KNHANES. The proportion of children with usual zinc intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR) and above the tolerable upper intake level (UL) was assessed.

Results: The main sources of zinc in Korean children were grains, dairy products, and meat. The mean usual intakes of zinc among all individuals, those aged 1-2 yrs, and those aged 3-5 yrs were 5.50, 5.01, and 5.83 mg/d, respectively. In all participants, 1.1% of the children consumed zinc below the EAR, whereas 10.7% exceeded the UL. The proportion of children with excessive zinc intake was 25.6% in the 1-2 yrs age group and 0.6% in the 3-5 yrs age group.

Conclusions: According to the current UL, the risk of excessive zinc intake appears to be high among Korean toddlers. Future studies that monitor the health effects of excessive zinc intake are needed to appropriately guide zinc intake in children.

背景/目的:本研究旨在评估韩国幼儿和学龄前儿童的锌食物来源和通常的膳食锌摄入量:从 2009-2013 年韩国国民健康与营养调查(KNHANES)数据中选取了 2,679 名 1-5 岁儿童。通过单次 24 小时回忆收集的膳食数据来评估锌的食物来源。为了估算通常的锌摄入量,利用 2009 年韩国国民健康与营养调查(KNHANES)2 天 24 小时回忆子样本数据中锌摄入量的人内方差与人际方差之比,对总样本中单次 24 小时回忆数据的分布进行了调整。评估了平时锌摄入量低于估计平均需要量(EAR)和高于可耐受摄入量上限(UL)的儿童比例:韩国儿童锌的主要来源是谷物、奶制品和肉类。所有儿童、1-2 岁儿童和 3-5 岁儿童通常的锌平均摄入量分别为 5.50、5.01 和 5.83 毫克/天。在所有参与者中,1.1% 的儿童锌摄入量低于 EAR,而 10.7% 的儿童锌摄入量超过 UL。锌摄入量超标的儿童比例在 1-2 岁年龄组为 25.6%,在 3-5 岁年龄组为 0.6%:结论:根据目前的锌摄入量测定标准,韩国幼儿摄入过量锌的风险似乎很高。今后需要对锌摄入过量对健康的影响进行监测研究,以适当指导儿童的锌摄入量。
{"title":"Food sources of zinc and nutritional status with usual dietary zinc intake in Korean toddlers and preschool children.","authors":"SuJin Song, Jae Eun Shim","doi":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1211","DOIUrl":"10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the food sources of zinc and the usual intake of dietary zinc among Korean toddlers and preschool children.</p><p><strong>Subjects/methods: </strong>A total of 2,679 children aged 1-5 years was selected from the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Dietary data collected from a single 24-h recall were used to evaluate the food sources of zinc. To estimate usual zinc intake, the distribution obtained from single 24-h recall data in the total sample was adjusted using the ratio of within-to-between-person variance in zinc intake obtained from 2-day 24-h recall sub-sample data of the 2009 KNHANES. The proportion of children with usual zinc intake below the estimated average requirement (EAR) and above the tolerable upper intake level (UL) was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main sources of zinc in Korean children were grains, dairy products, and meat. The mean usual intakes of zinc among all individuals, those aged 1-2 yrs, and those aged 3-5 yrs were 5.50, 5.01, and 5.83 mg/d, respectively. In all participants, 1.1% of the children consumed zinc below the EAR, whereas 10.7% exceeded the UL. The proportion of children with excessive zinc intake was 25.6% in the 1-2 yrs age group and 0.6% in the 3-5 yrs age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the current UL, the risk of excessive zinc intake appears to be high among Korean toddlers. Future studies that monitor the health effects of excessive zinc intake are needed to appropriately guide zinc intake in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19232,"journal":{"name":"Nutrition Research and Practice","volume":"17 6","pages":"1211-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10694412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138488117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nutrition and health challenges among low-income families of young children in the post COVID-19 era: a qualitative study. 后 COVID-19 时代低收入幼儿家庭面临的营养和健康挑战:一项定性研究。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1185
Hyunjung Lee, Wilna Oldewage-Theron, Conrad Lyford, Stephanie Shine

Background/objectives: In the United States, one in every 5 children is obese with greater likelihood in low-income households. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have accelerated disparities in child obesity risk factors, such as poor dietary intake and increased sedentary behaviors, among low-income families because of financial difficulties, social isolation and other struggles. This study reveals insights into nutrition and health challenges among low-income families of young children in West Texas to better understand needs and develop interventions.

Subjects/methods: In-depth individual interviews were performed via Zoom among 11 families of children under the age of 3. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to explore 3 areas: changes in (1) dietary intake and (2) sedentary behaviors and (3) families' preferences regarding a parent nutrition education program. Each interview was audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using MaxQDA software.

Results: Eating together as a family become challenging because of irregular work schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parents stated that their children's dietary habits shifted with an increased consumption of processed foods. Many parents are unable to afford healthful foods and have utilized food and nutrition assistance programs to help feed their families. All families reported that their children's screen time substantially increased compared to the pre-pandemic times. Moreover, the majority of parents did not associate child screen time with an obesity risk, so this area could be of particular interest for future interventions. Meal preparation ideas, remote modality, and early timing were identified as key intervention strategies.

Conclusions: Online nutrition interventions that emphasize the guidelines for child screen time and regular meal routines will be effective and promising tools to reach low-income parents for early childhood health promotion and obesity prevention.

背景/目标:在美国,每 5 名儿童中就有 1 名肥胖,而低收入家庭的儿童肥胖的可能性更大。2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行可能加速了低收入家庭中儿童肥胖风险因素的差异,如不良饮食摄入和久坐行为的增加,原因是经济困难、社会隔离和其他挣扎。本研究揭示了西得克萨斯州低收入幼儿家庭所面临的营养和健康挑战,以便更好地了解需求和制定干预措施:通过 Zoom 对 11 个有 3 岁以下儿童的家庭进行了深入的个人访谈。我们制定了一个半结构化访谈指南,以探讨以下 3 个方面:(1) 饮食摄入量的变化;(2) 久坐行为;(3) 家庭对家长营养教育计划的偏好。每次访谈均使用 MaxQDA 软件进行录音、转录和编码:结果:在 COVID-19 大流行期间,由于工作时间不固定,全家人一起进餐变得具有挑战性。大多数家长表示,随着加工食品消费量的增加,他们孩子的饮食习惯也发生了变化。许多家长买不起健康食品,只能利用食品和营养援助计划来帮助养家糊口。所有家庭都表示,与大流行前相比,他们孩子的屏幕时间大幅增加。此外,大多数家长并没有将儿童的屏幕时间与肥胖风险联系在一起,因此未来的干预措施可能会特别关注这一领域。备餐理念、远程模式和早期时间安排被认为是关键的干预策略:强调儿童屏幕时间和常规膳食指南的在线营养干预将成为有效和有前途的工具,可帮助低收入父母促进儿童早期健康和预防肥胖。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of dietary self-monitoring intervention on anthropometric and metabolic changes via a mobile application or paper-based diary: a randomized trial. 通过移动应用程序或纸质日记进行膳食自我监测干预对人体测量和代谢变化的影响:随机试验。
IF 2.4 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1238
Taiyue Jin, Gyumin Kang, Sihan Song, Heejin Lee, Yang Chen, Sung-Eun Kim, Mal-Soon Shin, Youngja H Park, Jung Eun Lee

Background/objectives: Weight loss via a mobile application (App) or a paper-based diary (Paper) may confer favorable metabolic and anthropometric changes.

Subjects/methods: A randomized parallel trial was conducted among 57 adults whose body mass indices (BMIs) were 25 kg/m2 or greater. Participants randomly assigned to either the App group (n = 30) or the Paper group (n = 27) were advised to record their foods and supplements through App or Paper during the 12-week intervention period. Relative changes of anthropometries and biomarker levels were compared between the 2 intervention groups. Untargeted metabolic profiling was identified to discriminate metabolic profiles.

Results: Out of the 57 participants, 54 participants completed the trial. Changes in body weight and BMI were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.11). However, body fat and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels increased in the App group but decreased in the Paper group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03 for body fat and 0.02 for LDL-cholesterol). In the metabolomics analysis, decreases in methylglyoxal and (S)-malate in pyruvate metabolism and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) in linoleic acid metabolism from pre- to post-intervention were observed in the Paper group.

Conclusions: In the 12-week randomized parallel trial of weight loss through a App or a Paper, we found no significant difference in change in BMI or weight between the App and Paper groups, but improvement in body fatness and LDL-cholesterol levels only in the Paper group under the circumstances with minimal contact by dietitians or health care providers.

Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0004226.

背景/目的:通过移动应用程序(App)或纸质日记(Paper)进行减肥可能会带来有利的代谢和人体测量变化:在体重指数(BMI)大于或等于 25 kg/m2 的 57 名成年人中开展了一项随机平行试验。随机分配到 App 组(30 人)或 Paper 组(27 人)的参与者被建议在为期 12 周的干预期间通过 App 或 Paper 记录他们的食物和补充剂。比较两个干预组之间人体测量和生物标志物水平的相对变化。结果显示,在 57 名参与者中,有 54 名参与者通过 App 或 Paper 记录了食物和补充剂:结果:在 57 名参与者中,54 人完成了试验。两组之间体重和体重指数的变化无明显差异(P = 0.11)。然而,App 组的体脂和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有所上升,而 Paper 组则有所下降,且差异具有统计学意义(体脂的 P = 0.03,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的 P = 0.02)。在代谢组学分析中,观察到 Paper 组丙酮酸代谢中的甲基乙二酸和(S)-丙二酸以及亚油酸代谢中的磷脂酰胆碱(卵磷脂)从干预前到干预后都有所下降:在为期 12 周的通过 App 或 Paper 减肥的随机平行试验中,我们发现 App 组和 Paper 组在体重指数或体重变化方面没有显著差异,但在营养师或医疗服务提供者很少接触的情况下,只有 Paper 组的体脂率和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平有所改善:试验注册:临床研究信息服务标识符:试验注册:临床研究信息服务标识符:KCT0004226。
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Nutrition Research and Practice
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