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Massive expansion of the pig gut virome based on global metagenomic mining. 基于全球元基因组挖掘的猪肠道病毒组的大规模扩展。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00554-0
Jiandui Mi, Xiaoping Jing, Chouxian Ma, Yiwen Yang, Yong Li, Yu Zhang, Ruijun Long, Haixue Zheng

The pig gut virome plays a vital role in the gut microbial ecosystem of pigs. However, a comprehensive understanding of their diversity and a reference database for the virome are currently lacking. To address this gap, we established a Pig Virome Database (PVD) that comprised of 5,566,804 viral contig sequences from 4650 publicly available gut metagenomic samples using a pipeline designated "metav". By clustering sequences, we identified 48,299 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) genomes of at least medium quality, of which 92.83% of which were not found in existing major databases. The majority of vOTUs were identified as Caudoviricetes (72.21%). The PVD database contained a total of 2,362,631 protein-coding genes across the above medium-quality vOTUs genomes that can be used to explore the functional potential of the pig gut virome. These findings highlight the extensive diversity of viruses in the pig gut and provide a pivotal reference dataset for forthcoming research concerning the pig gut virome.

猪肠道病毒组在猪的肠道微生物生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,目前还缺乏对其多样性的全面了解和病毒组的参考数据库。为了填补这一空白,我们利用名为 "metav "的管道建立了猪病毒组数据库(PVD),该数据库由 5,566,804 个病毒序列组成,这些序列来自 4650 个公开的肠道元基因组样本。通过对序列进行聚类,我们确定了 48,299 个至少中等质量的病毒操作分类单元(vOTUs)基因组,其中 92.83% 的基因组在现有的主要数据库中找不到。大多数 vOTUs 被鉴定为 Caudoviricetes(72.21%)。PVD 数据库包含上述中等质量 vOTU 基因组中总共 2,362,631 个蛋白质编码基因,可用于探索猪肠道病毒组的功能潜力。这些发现凸显了猪肠道病毒的广泛多样性,为即将开展的猪肠道病毒组研究提供了重要的参考数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Fecal microbiota transplantation influences microbiota without connection to symptom relief in irritable bowel syndrome patients. 粪便微生物群移植可影响肠易激综合征患者的微生物群,但与症状缓解无关。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00549-x
Anna K Hartikainen, Jonna Jalanka, Perttu Lahtinen, Alise J Ponsero, Tuomas Mertsalmi, Laura Finnegan, Fiona Crispie, Paul D Cotter, Perttu Arkkila, Reetta Satokari

Imbalanced microbiota may contribute to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), thus fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested as a potential treatment. Previous studies on the relationship between clinical improvement and microbiota after FMT have been inconclusive. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenomics data from a randomized, placebo controlled FMT trial on 49 IBS patients to analyze changes after FMT in microbiota composition and its functional potential, and to identify connections between microbiota and patients' clinical outcome. As a result, we found that the successful modulation of microbiota composition and functional profiles by FMT from a healthy donor was not associated with the resolution of symptoms in IBS patients. Notably, a donor derived strain of Prevotella copri dominated the microbiota in those patients in the FMT group who had a low relative abundance of P. copri pre-FMT. The results highlight the multifactorial nature of IBS and the role of recipient's microbiota in the colonization of donor's strains.

微生物群失衡可能是肠易激综合征(IBS)的病理生理学原因之一,因此粪便微生物群移植(FMT)被认为是一种潜在的治疗方法。以往关于 FMT 后临床改善与微生物群之间关系的研究尚无定论。在本研究中,我们利用对 49 名肠易激综合征患者进行的随机安慰剂对照 FMT 试验中的 16S rRNA 基因扩增片段和枪式元基因组学数据,分析了 FMT 后微生物群组成的变化及其功能潜力,并确定了微生物群与患者临床结果之间的联系。结果我们发现,通过对健康供体的 FMT 成功调节微生物群的组成和功能特征与肠易激综合征患者症状的缓解无关。值得注意的是,在 FMT 组中,供体来源的 copri Prevotella 菌株在微生物群中占主导地位,而 FMT 前 copri P. 的相对丰度较低。这些结果突显了肠易激综合征的多因素性质,以及受体微生物群在供体菌株定植中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Host specificity and cophylogeny in the "animal-gut bacteria-phage" tripartite system. 动物-肠道细菌-噬菌体 "三方系统的宿主特异性和同源关系。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00557-x
Ye Feng, Ruike Wei, Qiuli Chen, Tongyao Shang, Nihong Zhou, Zeyu Wang, Yanping Chen, Gongwen Chen, Guozhi Zhang, Kun Dong, Yihai Zhong, Hongxia Zhao, Fuliang Hu, Huoqing Zheng

Cophylogeny has been identified between gut bacteria and their animal host and is highly relevant to host health, but little research has extended to gut bacteriophages. Here we use bee model to investigate host specificity and cophylogeny in the "animal-gut bacteria-phage" tripartite system. Through metagenomic sequencing upon different bee species, the gut phageome revealed a more variable composition than the gut bacteriome. Nevertheless, the bacteriome and the phageome showed a significant association of their dissimilarity matrices, indicating a reciprocal interaction between the two kinds of communities. Most of the gut phages were host generalist at the viral cluster level but host specialist at the viral OTU level. While the dominant gut bacteria Gilliamella and Snodgrassella exhibited matched phylogeny with bee hosts, most of their phages showed a diminished level of cophylogeny. The evolutionary rates of the bee, the gut bacteria and the gut phages showed a remarkably increasing trend, including synonymous and non-synonymous substitution and gene content variation. For all of the three codiversified tripartite members, however, their genes under positive selection and genes involving gain/loss during evolution simultaneously enriched the functions into metabolism of nutrients, therefore highlighting the tripartite coevolution that results in an enhanced ecological fitness for the whole holobiont.

肠道细菌与其动物宿主之间的同源关系已经被确定,并且与宿主的健康高度相关,但延伸到肠道噬菌体的研究却很少。在这里,我们利用蜜蜂模型来研究 "动物-肠道细菌-噬菌体 "三方系统中的宿主特异性和同源关系。通过对不同蜜蜂物种进行元基因组测序,发现肠道噬菌体组的组成比肠道细菌组更多变。然而,细菌组和噬菌体组的差异矩阵显示出显著的关联性,表明这两种群落之间存在相互影响。大多数肠道噬菌体在病毒集群水平上是宿主通才,但在病毒 OTU 水平上是宿主专才。虽然优势肠道细菌 Gilliamella 和 Snodgrassella 与蜜蜂宿主的系统发育相匹配,但它们的大多数噬菌体的同源程度较低。蜜蜂、肠道细菌和肠道噬菌体的进化速度呈显著上升趋势,包括同义和非同义替换以及基因含量变化。然而,对于所有三个编码三方成员来说,它们在进化过程中的正选择基因和涉及增益/损耗的基因同时丰富了营养物质代谢的功能,因此突出了三方的共同进化,从而提高了整个全生物体的生态适应性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of biofilm physical characteristics on their susceptibility to antibiotics: impacts of low-frequency ultrasound. 生物膜物理特性对抗生素敏感性的影响:低频超声波的影响。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00544-2
Yanina Nahum, Neila Gross, Albert Cerrone, Karel Matouš, Robert Nerenberg

Biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobials, often causing chronic infections. Combining antimicrobials with low-frequency ultrasound (LFU) enhances antimicrobial efficiency, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Biofilm physical characteristics, which depend on factors such as growth conditions and age, can have significant effects on inactivation efficiency. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to tobramycin, with and without LFU treatment. The biofilms were grown under low and high fluid shear to provide different characteristics. Low-shear biofilms exhibited greater thickness, roughness, and porosity and lower density, compared to high-shear biofilms. The biofilm matrix of the high-shear biofilms had a three times higher protein-to-polysaccharide ratio, suggesting greater biofilm stiffness. This was supported by microrheology measurements of biofilm creep compliance. For the low-shear biofilms without LFU, the viability of the biofilms in their inner regions was largely unaffected by the antibiotic after a 2-hour treatment. However, when tobramycin was combined with LFU, the inactivation for the entire biofilm increased to 80% after 2 h. For the high-shear biofilms without LFU, higher LFU intensities were needed to achieve similar inactivation results. Microrheology measurements revealed that changes in biofilm inactivation profiles were closely related to changes in biofilm mechanical properties. Modeling suggests that LFU changes antibiotic diffusivity within the biofilm, probably due to a "decohesion" effect. Overall, this research suggests that biofilm physical characteristics (e.g., compliance, morphology) are linked to antimicrobial efficiency. LFU weakens the biofilm while increasing its diffusivity for antibiotics.

生物膜对抗菌药具有很强的抗药性,往往会导致慢性感染。将抗菌剂与低频超声(LFU)结合使用可提高抗菌效率,但人们对其基本机制知之甚少。生物膜的物理特性取决于生长条件和年龄等因素,会对灭活效率产生重大影响。在本研究中,我们研究了铜绿假单胞菌生物膜对妥布霉素的敏感性,以及是否经过 LFU 处理。生物膜分别在低剪切力和高剪切力条件下生长,以提供不同的特性。与高剪切生物膜相比,低剪切生物膜的厚度、粗糙度和孔隙率更大,密度更低。高剪切生物膜的生物膜基质中蛋白质与多糖的比率高出三倍,表明生物膜的硬度更大。生物膜蠕变顺应性的微流变测量结果也证明了这一点。对于不含 LFU 的低剪切力生物膜来说,经过 2 小时的处理后,生物膜内部区域的活力基本不受抗生素的影响。对于不含 LFU 的高剪切生物膜,需要更高的 LFU 强度才能达到类似的灭活效果。微流变测量显示,生物膜灭活曲线的变化与生物膜机械特性的变化密切相关。建模表明,LFU 改变了抗生素在生物膜内的扩散性,这可能是由于 "去黏附 "效应。总之,这项研究表明,生物膜的物理特性(如顺应性、形态)与抗菌效率有关。LFU 可削弱生物膜,同时增加其对抗生素的扩散性。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between gut microbiota and incident fractures in the FINRISK cohort. FINRISK 队列中肠道微生物群与事故性骨折之间的关系。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00530-8
Louise Grahnemo, Oleg Kambur, Leo Lahti, Pekka Jousilahti, Teemu Niiranen, Rob Knight, Veikko Salomaa, Aki S Havulinna, Claes Ohlsson

The gut microbiota (GM) can regulate bone mass, but its association with incident fractures is unknown. We used Cox regression models to determine whether the GM composition is associated with incident fractures in the large FINRISK 2002 cohort (n = 7043, 1092 incident fracture cases, median follow-up time 18 years) with information on GM composition and functionality from shotgun metagenome sequencing. Higher alpha diversity was associated with decreased fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92 per standard deviation increase in Shannon index, 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.96). For beta diversity, the first principal component was associated with fracture risk (Aitchison distance, HR 0.90, 0.85-0.96). In predefined phyla analyses, we observed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was associated with increased fracture risk (HR 1.14, 1.07-1.20), while the relative abundance of Tenericutes was associated with decreased fracture risk (HR 0.90, 0.85-0.96). Explorative sub-analyses within the Proteobacteria phylum showed that higher relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was associated with increased fracture risk. Functionality analyses showed that pathways related to amino acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis associated with fracture risk. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria correlated with pathways for amino acid metabolism, while the relative abundance of Tenericutes correlated with pathways for butyrate synthesis. In conclusion, the overall GM composition was associated with incident fractures. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially Gammaproteobacteria, was associated with increased fracture risk, while the relative abundance of Tenericutes was associated with decreased fracture risk. Functionality analyses demonstrated that pathways known to regulate bone health may underlie these associations.

肠道微生物群(GM)可调节骨量,但其与骨折事故的关系尚不清楚。我们在大型 FINRISK 2002 队列(n = 7043,1092 例骨折病例,中位随访时间为 18 年)中使用 Cox 回归模型来确定肠道微生物群的组成是否与骨折的发生有关。阿尔法多样性越高,骨折风险越低(香农指数每增加一个标准差,危险比 [HR] 为 0.92,95% 置信区间为 0.87-0.96)。就贝塔多样性而言,第一个主成分与骨折风险有关(艾奇逊距离,HR 0.90,0.85-0.96)。在预定义的系统分析中,我们发现变形菌的相对丰度与骨折风险的增加有关(HR 1.14,1.07-1.20),而泛酸菌的相对丰度与骨折风险的降低有关(HR 0.90,0.85-0.96)。蛋白质细菌门内的探索性子分析表明,伽马蛋白质细菌的相对丰度越高,骨折风险越高。功能性分析表明,与氨基酸代谢和脂多糖生物合成相关的通路与骨折风险有关。蛋白细菌的相对丰度与氨基酸代谢途径相关,而再生菌的相对丰度与丁酸合成途径相关。总之,全球基因组的整体组成与骨折事件有关。蛋白质细菌,尤其是伽马蛋白质细菌的相对丰度与骨折风险的增加有关,而Tenericutes的相对丰度与骨折风险的降低有关。功能性分析表明,已知的调节骨骼健康的途径可能是这些关联的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Decoding the RNA viromes in shrew lungs along the eastern coast of China. 解码中国东部沿海鼩鼱肺中的 RNA 病毒群。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00543-3
Jing-Tao Zhang, Zhen-Yu Hu, Fang Tang, Yan-Tao Liu, Wei-Long Tan, Xiao-Fang Ma, Yun-Fa Zhang, Guang-Qian Si, Lei Zhang, Mei-Qi Zhang, Cong Peng, Bo-Kang Fu, Li-Qun Fang, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Wei Liu

Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus). Our analysis revealed numerous shrew-associated viruses comprising 54 known viruses and 72 new viruses that significantly enhance our understanding of mammalian viruses. Notably, 34 identified viruses possess spillover-risk potential and six were human pathogenic viruses: LayV, influenza A virus (H5N6), rotavirus A, rabies virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, and rat hepatitis E virus. Moreover, ten previously unreported viruses in China were discovered, six among them have spillover-risk potential. Additionally, all 54 known viruses and 12 new viruses had the ability to cross species boundaries. Our data underscore the diversity of shrew-associated viruses and provide a foundation for further studies into tracing and predicting emerging infectious diseases originated from shrews.

鼩鼱是食虫动物,是多种人畜共患病毒的天然贮存库,包括2018年最新发现的中国琅琊鸡病毒(LayV)。了解鼩鼱相关病毒组、病毒多样性和新病毒至关重要。在本研究中,我们对中国东部沿海捕获的398只鼩鼱的肺部样本进行了高通量测序,并对6种常见鼩鼱(Anourosorex squamipes、Crocidura lasiura、Crocidura shantungensis、Crocidura tanakae、Sorex caecutiens和Suncus murinus)的高深度病毒组进行了表征。我们的分析发现了大量与鼩鼱相关的病毒,其中包括 54 种已知病毒和 72 种新病毒,这大大加深了我们对哺乳动物病毒的了解。值得注意的是,34 种已发现的病毒具有外溢风险,其中 6 种是人类致病病毒:LayV、甲型流感病毒(H5N6)、轮状病毒 A、狂犬病毒、禽副粘病毒 1 和大鼠戊型肝炎病毒。此外,在中国还发现了 10 种以前未报告的病毒,其中 6 种具有外溢风险。此外,所有 54 种已知病毒和 12 种新病毒都具有跨越物种界限的能力。我们的数据强调了鼩鼱相关病毒的多样性,为进一步研究追踪和预测源于鼩鼱的新发传染病奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Microbiome mapping in dairy industry reveals new species and genes for probiotic and bioprotective activities. 乳业微生物组图谱揭示了具有益生菌和生物保护活性的新物种和新基因。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00541-5
Francesca De Filippis, Vincenzo Valentino, Min Yap, Raul Cabrera-Rubio, Coral Barcenilla, Niccolò Carlino, José F Cobo-Díaz, Narciso Martín Quijada, Inés Calvete-Torre, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Carlos Sabater, Giuseppina Sequino, Edoardo Pasolli, Martin Wagner, Abelardo Margolles, Nicola Segata, Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez, Paul D Cotter, Danilo Ercolini

The resident microbiome in food industries may impact on food quality and safety. In particular, microbes residing on surfaces in dairy industries may actively participate in cheese fermentation and ripening and contribute to the typical flavor and texture. In this work, we carried out an extensive microbiome mapping in 73 cheese-making industries producing different types of cheeses (fresh, medium and long ripened) and located in 4 European countries. We sequenced and analyzed metagenomes from cheese samples, raw materials and environmental swabs collected from both food contact and non-food contact surfaces, as well as operators' hands and aprons. Dairy plants were shown to harbor a very complex microbiome, characterized by high prevalence of genes potentially involved in flavor development, probiotic activities, and resistance to gastro-intestinal transit, suggesting that these microbes may potentially be transferred to the human gut microbiome. More than 6100 high-quality Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, including MAGs from several Lactic Acid Bacteria species and putative new species. Although microbial pathogens were not prevalent, we found several MAGs harboring genes related to antibiotic resistance, highlighting that dairy industry surfaces represent a potential hotspot for antimicrobial resistance (AR) spreading along the food chain. Finally, we identified facility-specific strains that can represent clear microbial signatures of different cheesemaking facilities, suggesting an interesting potential of microbiome tracking for the traceability of cheese origin.

食品工业中的常驻微生物群可能会影响食品质量和安全。特别是,乳制品工业表面的微生物可能会积极参与奶酪的发酵和成熟过程,并对奶酪的典型风味和口感做出贡献。在这项工作中,我们对欧洲 4 个国家生产不同类型奶酪(新鲜奶酪、中熟奶酪和长熟奶酪)的 73 家奶酪生产企业进行了广泛的微生物组图谱绘制。我们对奶酪样品、原材料和从食品接触面和非食品接触面以及操作人员的手和围裙上采集的环境拭子中的元基因组进行了测序和分析。结果表明,乳制品厂蕴藏着非常复杂的微生物群,其特点是可能参与风味开发、益生菌活性和抗胃肠道转运的基因的高流行率,这表明这些微生物有可能转移到人类肠道微生物群中。研究人员重建了 6100 多个高质量的元基因组组装基因组(MAGs),包括几个乳酸菌物种和推测的新物种的 MAGs。虽然微生物病原体并不普遍,但我们发现了几个携带抗生素耐药性相关基因的 MAGs,这表明乳制品工业表面是抗菌素耐药性(AR)沿食物链传播的潜在热点。最后,我们还发现了不同设施的特异性菌株,它们可以代表不同奶酪制作设施的明显微生物特征,这表明微生物组追踪在奶酪来源追溯方面具有有趣的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with altered tryptophan metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory response in COVID-19. 肠道微生物群失调与 COVID-19 中色氨酸代谢改变和炎症反应失调有关。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00538-0
Morgan Essex, Belén Millet Pascual-Leone, Ulrike Löber, Mathias Kuhring, Bowen Zhang, Ulrike Brüning, Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther, Marta Krzanowski, Facundo Fiocca Vernengo, Sophia Brumhard, Ivo Röwekamp, Agata Anna Bielecka, Till Robin Lesker, Emanuel Wyler, Markus Landthaler, Andrej Mantei, Christian Meisel, Sandra Caesar, Charlotte Thibeault, Victor M Corman, Lajos Marko, Norbert Suttorp, Till Strowig, Florian Kurth, Leif E Sander, Yang Li, Jennifer A Kirwan, Sofia K Forslund, Bastian Opitz

The clinical course of COVID-19 is variable and often unpredictable. To test the hypothesis that disease progression and inflammatory responses associate with alterations in the microbiome and metabolome, we analyzed metagenome, metabolome, cytokine, and transcriptome profiles of repeated samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and uninfected controls, and leveraged clinical information and post-hoc confounder analysis. Severe COVID-19 was associated with a depletion of beneficial intestinal microbes, whereas oropharyngeal microbiota disturbance was mainly linked to antibiotic use. COVID-19 severity was also associated with enhanced plasma concentrations of kynurenine and reduced levels of several other tryptophan metabolites, lysophosphatidylcholines, and secondary bile acids. Moreover, reduced concentrations of various tryptophan metabolites were associated with depletion of Faecalibacterium, and tryptophan decrease and kynurenine increase were linked to enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our study identifies correlated microbiome and metabolome alterations as a potential contributor to inflammatory dysregulation in severe COVID-19.

COVID-19 的临床病程多变,往往难以预测。为了验证疾病进展和炎症反应与微生物组和代谢组改变有关的假设,我们分析了住院的 COVID-19 患者和未感染对照组重复样本的元基因组、代谢组、细胞因子和转录组图谱,并利用临床信息和事后混杂因素分析进行了分析。严重的COVID-19与肠道有益微生物的减少有关,而口咽微生物群紊乱主要与抗生素的使用有关。COVID-19严重程度还与犬尿氨酸血浆浓度升高以及其他几种色氨酸代谢物、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和次级胆汁酸水平降低有关。此外,各种色氨酸代谢物浓度的降低与粪杆菌的减少有关,色氨酸的减少和犬尿氨酸的增加与炎症细胞因子的分泌增加有关。总之,我们的研究确定了相关微生物组和代谢组的改变是导致严重 COVID-19 炎症失调的潜在因素。
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引用次数: 0
The highly differentiated gut of Pachnoda marginata hosts sequential microbiomes: microbial ecology and potential applications. 边缘棘尾虫高度分化的肠道宿主序列微生物组:微生物生态学和潜在应用。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00531-7
Àngela Vidal-Verdú, Daniel Torrent, Alba Iglesias, Adriel Latorre-Pérez, Christian Abendroth, Paola Corbín-Agustí, Juli Peretó, Manuel Porcar

Insect gut microbiomes play a crucial role in the insect development and are shaped, among other factors, by the specialized insect diet habits as well as the morphological structure of the gut. Rose chafers (Pachnoda spp.; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) have a highly differentiated gut characterized by a pronounced hindgut dilation which resembles a miniaturized rumen. Specifically, the species Pachnoda marginata has not been previously studied in detail in terms of microbial ecology. Here, we show a fine scale study of the highly compartmentalized gut of P. marginata by using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing to shed light on the bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities thriving in each section of the gut. We found a microbial gradient along the gut from aerobic (foregut) to strictly anaerobic communities (hindgut). In addition, we have characterized interesting biological activities and metabolic pathways of gut microbial communities related to cellulose degradation, methane production and sulfate reduction. Taken together, our results reveal the highly diverse microbial community and the potential of P. marginata gut as a source of industrially relevant microbial diversity.

昆虫肠道微生物群在昆虫的发育过程中起着至关重要的作用,除其他因素外,还受昆虫专门的饮食习惯和肠道形态结构的影响。玫瑰糠虾(Pachnoda spp.具体来说,以前从未对边缘腹棘蛛这一物种进行过微生物生态学方面的详细研究。在这里,我们利用扩增子和元基因组测序技术,对边缘腹棘蛛高度分隔的肠道进行了精细研究,从而揭示了在肠道各部分繁荣发展的细菌、古细菌和真菌群落。我们发现,沿着肠道,从好氧(前肠)到纯厌氧群落(后肠)有一个微生物梯度。此外,我们还描述了肠道微生物群落与纤维素降解、甲烷产生和硫酸盐还原有关的有趣生物活动和代谢途径。总之,我们的研究结果揭示了边缘鱼肠道微生物群落的高度多样性,以及边缘鱼肠道作为工业相关微生物多样性来源的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the response of the butyrate production potential to major fibers in dietary intervention studies. 在膳食干预研究中调查丁酸盐生产潜力对主要纤维的反应。
IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00533-5
Thao Van-Wehle, Marius Vital

Interventions involving dietary fibers are known to benefit host health. A leading contribution of gut microbiota is commonly recognized with production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) suspected to play a key role. However, the detailed mechanisms are largely unknown, and apart from a well-described bifidogenic effect of some fibers, results for other bacterial taxa are often incongruent between studies. We performed pooled analyses of 16S rRNA gene data derived from intervention studies (n = 14) based on three fibers, namely, inulin-type fructans (ITF), resistant starch (RS), and arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS), harmonizing the bioinformatics workflow to reveal taxa stimulated by those substrates, specifically focusing on the SCFA-production potential. The results showed an increased butyrate production potential after ITF (p < 0.05) and RS (p < 0.1) treatment via an increase in bacteria exhibiting the enzyme butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (but) that was governed by Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes (ITF) and Agathobacter (RS) respectively. AXOS did not promote an increase in butyrate producers, nor were pathways linked to propionate production stimulated by any intervention. A bifidogenic effect was observed for AXOS and ITF, which was only partly associated with the behavior of but-containing bacteria and largely represented a separate response. Low and high Ruminococcus abundances pre-intervention for ITF and RS, respectively, promoted an increase in but-containing taxa (p < 0.05) upon interventions, whereas initial Prevotella abundance was negatively associated with responses of butyrate producers for both fibers. Collectively, our data demonstrate targeted stimulation of specific taxa by individual fibers increasing the potential to synthesize butyrate, where gut microbiota composition pre-intervention strongly controlled outcomes.

众所周知,涉及膳食纤维的干预措施有益于宿主健康。人们普遍认为,肠道微生物群的主要贡献是产生短链脂肪酸(SCFA),而短链脂肪酸被怀疑在其中发挥了关键作用。然而,详细的机制在很大程度上是未知的,除了一些纤维的双歧作用得到了很好的描述外,其他细菌类群的研究结果往往不一致。我们对来自干预研究(n = 14)的 16S rRNA 基因数据进行了汇总分析,这些数据基于三种纤维,即菊粉型果聚糖(ITF)、抗性淀粉(RS)和阿拉伯木聚糖-低聚糖(AXOS),并协调了生物信息学工作流程,以揭示受这些底物刺激的类群,特别关注 SCFA 生成的潜力。结果表明,在 ITF 之后,丁酸盐生产潜力增加(p
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npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
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