Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: Background: waist circumference (WC) is a component of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and an excellent marker for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. This study aimed to provide information on the anatomical measurement sites of WC and their comparative correlation with MetS and its components in children. Methods: the literature search included papers published between January 2005 and September 2023 that met the following criteria: pediatric patients (2-18 years), WC measurement at different anatomical sites (≥ 2), and CVD risk by MetS. The quality of each study was determined using the STROBE and modified GRADE scales. The meta-analysis evaluated the WCiliac-crest and WCmiddle. Results: five observational studies (total population: 1,224) were included. WC was measured at 2-4 anatomical sites. In all studies, the correlations between different WC measurement sites and CVD risk were similar. The STROBE assessment ranged from 12-20/22 and the GRADE was A for all the articles. The meta-analysis showed that the heterogeneity (I2 test) of the WCiliac-crest and WCmiddle with CVD variables was substantial. Conclusion: All WC measurement sites showed adequate correlation with CVD risk, with some small individual differences. WCnarrow and WCumbilucus have adequate consistency and could be excellent alternatives in daily clinical practice because of their ease of measurement. Further studies are needed to evaluate the correlation between different WC measurement sites and CVD risk in children stratified according to pubertal stage and sex.

Introduction: Introduction: grade 3 and 4 obesity is a chronic and progressive disease. Liraglutide 3 mg could be an effective adjuvant therapy in these subjects. Objectives: to evaluate changes in weight loss, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D levels in subjects with grade 3 and 4 obesity treated for 8 months with liraglutide 3 mg. Methods: a total of 67 subjects with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 had anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D levels determined at baseline and after 8 months of treatment with liraglutide 3 mg. Results: a significant reduction in weight, BMI and abdominal circumference was evident after 8 months of treatment with liraglutide (p < 0.001), with a mean percentage of weight loss of 13.04 % and a mean weight loss of 14.99 kg at the end of the intervention. The final body composition data showed a significant improvement in the percentage of fat and fat mass (kg) (p < 0.001). The average loss of muscle mass was 2.02 kg (p = 0.213). The healthy visceral fat index (VGI) (< 13) increased to 67.17 % (p < 0.001) at 8 months. There was a significant reduction in blood pressure (p < 0.001) and an improvement in the biochemical variables studied. There was a significant increase in 25-OH vitamin D (p < 0.001) at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Treatment with liraglutide was safe and effective in patients with obesity with a positive impact on weight loss, vitamin D levels and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Introduction: Background: fast peritoneal transport (FT) has been associated with peritoneal albumin loss and protein energy wasting (PEW); however, this relationship has not been fully studied. Aim: the aim of this study was to analyze the differences in nutritional parameters between fast-transport peritoneal membrane (FT-PET) and slow-transport peritoneal membrane (ST-PET), and analyze the association between FT-PET and PEW in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: a cross-sectional study of patients on PD. Peritoneal transport characteristics were assessed using the peritoneal equilibration test (PET). Malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) was used for PEW identification. Clinical and biochemical characteristics between patients with and without PEW were assessed. Association between FT-PET status and PEW were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: a total of 143 patients were included. FT-PET group showed a higher prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, edema, lower phase angle, lower energy intake, and higher values of MIS score. FT-PET was significantly associated with PEW on univariate (OR: 3.5, 95 % CI: 1.56-7.83, p = 0.002) and multivariate models (OR: 2.6, 95 % CI: 1.02-6.6, p = 0.04). This association was maintained in patients where baseline PET was performed after initiating PD therapy (OR: 6.2, 95 % CI: 1.01-38.6, p = 0.04). Conclusion: FT-PET is associated with PEW evaluated by MIS score. Clinical trials to study nutritional interventions personalized to peritoneal-membrane transport characteristics should be designed.

Introduction: Pregnancy and lactation represent a complex stage from a nutritional point of view, since energy, protein and micronutrient requirements increase during these stages. The literature describes that a well-planned plant-based diet can be sufficient in energy, macronutrients and micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin B12 and possibly n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly EPA and DHA. During the last few years, adherence to this diet has increased rapidly in the population, so the main objective of this article is to review the current evidence on the intake and concentrations of vitamin B12, EPA and DHA during pregnancy and lactation in women following a plant-based diet. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Ovid MedLine using free terms and MESH. Eleven articles were selected in this review. Well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets, with adequate supplementation of vitamin B12, EPA and DHA, are compatible during pregnancy and lactation, being a positive predictor of their content in breast milk. A similar situation was observed in plasma levels in women supplemented with B12. However, it is important to continue with research in this area that considers an adequate dietary anamnesis, integral evaluation of nutritional status, estimation of nutritional requirements and an individualized nutritional plan.

Introduction: Background: stevia and D-tagatose have shown a reduction in total calorie and carbohydrate intake as a substitute for sucrose, demonstrating a stabilizing effect on pH and bacterial proliferation. Objective: to evaluate the effect of D-tagatose, stevia and sucrose on salivary pH and bacterial activity in odontology students. Methodology: a controlled study of parallel and randomized groups with a single blind, whose sample considered three groups subjected to a mouthwash of D-tagatose (n = 10), stevia (n = 10) and sucrose (n = 10). These solutions were administered over 1 minute in a single 6.4 % concentrated dose. Data collection and analysis considered the recording of salivary pH 5 min before exposure to the sweetener, immediately after expulsion of the mouthwash and 15 min later, 30 min, 45 min and 48 hours. The counting of the final number of colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) was counted using the salivary samples obtained immediately after exposure of the sweetener together with the sample obtained 30 minutes later, with the cultures performed on agar plates. Results: D-tagatose, stevia and sucrose presented significant differences in total CFU/mL at 30 minutes (p < 0.001), while salivary pH showed significant differences at 48 hours after administration (p < 0.001). Conclusion: D-tagatose, stevia and sucrose present significant differences in total CFU/mL and salivary pH, these findings being a possible indication of a partial inhibitory effect on bacterial metabolism.

Introduction: Introduction: nutritional interventions (NI) in schoolchildren allow for health promotion, physical activity, and nutrition actions for the prevention of malnutrition. Objective: to evaluate the effect of an IN on the nutrient content in school snacks (SS) in public education schools in Mexico. Methods: descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study with a sample of 812 children were classified into intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were made to identify nutritional status (NS); to evaluate the SS, the food and beverages that the children took from home to consume during the break were recorded on a checklist; the NI was performed in the IG for 12 weeks with a 6-week reinforcement and the final evaluation was carried out that included NS and overweight (OW) in both groups. Results: a 1.4 % increase in overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) was observed in the IG, while in the CG it increased 5.5 %. In the SS, the CGshowed a higher consumption of calories, carbohydrates, and sugars. In the intragroup analysis, the GI decreased carbohydrates, sugars. This intervention showed a small effect on the decrease of calories, carbohydrates and polyunsaturated acids of the IG compared to the CG. Conclusion: NI had a positive effect on the decrease in the energy and carbohydrate content of school snacks and therefore a slower trend in the prevalence of OW and OB in the IG compared to the CG.

Introduction: Introduction: no previous large prospective studies have assessed the global quality of macronutrients in association with the risk of overweight/obesity. Objective: to prospectively assess the association of an overall macronutrient quality index (MQI) with weight change and the incidence of overweight/obesity in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Methods: the diet of 9,344 Spanish university graduates free of overweight/obesity (mean age: 36.5 [SD, 11.1]) was assessed through a validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire. The MQI was calculated as the sum of the Carbohydrate Quality Index, the Fat Quality Index, and the Healthy Plate Protein Quality Index. Participants were classified into groups (G) according to MQI. Incident overweight/obesity was defined if follow-up questionnaires indicated BMI was ≥ 25 kg/m2. Multiple linear regression models and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the average yearly weight change and the risk of overweight/obesity over follow-up time. Results: 2,465 cases of incident overweight/obesity were identified (median follow-up: 10.7 years). Increasing MQI was significantly associated with lower annual weight gain (g): ß coefficient: -99.0, (95 % CI: -173.6 to -24.5) in the G4 vs G1, p for trend = 0.007. In the fully adjusted model the incidences of overweight/obesity in G4 and G1 were 21.7 % (431 cases) and 29.3 % (954 cases), respectively. The adjusted HR was 0.87 (95 % CI, 0.77-0.98, p for trend = 0.036). When we used repeated analyses updating the MQI after 10 years of follow-up, results remained similar. Conclusions: a significant inverse association between a multidimensional MQI and the risk of overweight/obesity was found in this Mediterranean cohort of adults.

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Introduction: Background: muscle mass (MM) plays an important role in the physical function of hemodialysis patients; however, muscle mass measurement can be unreliable and expensive. In contrast, the measurement of physical function (PF) is simple and inexpensive and may serve as an alternative. The aim of this study was to correlate the measurement of MM by computed tomography (CT) with physical function measurements and physical activity (PA) levels in HD patients. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study that included 38 HD patients from a single HD clinic. Each participant had a CT scan to measure mid-thigh muscle mass. Physical function tests were assessed using the six-minute walk test (SMWT), handgrip strength (HGS) test, 5 x sit-to-stand test (STS5), timed up and go test (TUGT) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), while physical activity levels were measured using the Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between variables. Results: handgrip strength was strongly positively correlated with thigh muscle area (r = 0.656, p ≤ 0.001) and weakly correlated with arm muscle area (r = 0.396, p = 0.002), SMWT (r = 0.373, p = 0.004), SPPB (r = 0.269, p = 0.041) and physical activity (r = 0.323, p = 0.013). There was also a trend for an inverse correlation between handgrip strenght and TUGT (r = -0.235, p = 0.076). Positive correlations were found between the thigh muscle area and the SPPB (r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and PA (r = 0.293, p = 0.025), while there was a trend for an inverse correlation between thigh muscle area and STS5 (r = -0.256, p = 0.052). Conclusion: several measures of PF and strenght were correlated with objectives measurements of MM, thus provide options for low-cost measurements related to muscle mass.