Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Introduction: children and adolescents (CA) with cerebral palsy (CP) often experience growth difficulties and gastric issues depending on their functional involvement.

Objective: to determine the association between oro-gastric disorders, functional classifications, and anthropometric parameters in CA with CP aged 1 to 18 years in Argentina.

Methods: observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. A sequential sampling was performed. Age, nutritional status, oro-gastric disorders, gross motor function (GMFCS), and eating and drinking skills (EDACS) were analyzed. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO Anthro Plus software (OMS 2007). Mann-Whitney and t-tests were conducted. Multiple logistic regression models (MLR) were used. Variables with p < 0.05 in the bivariate analysis were included in the MLR models.

Results: data from 199 participants were collected. A statistically significant difference was observed in the z-scores for P/E,T/E, and BMI/E in CA with orogastric problems and more severe functional impairments. For P/E, those with more severe EDACS levels had 8.77 [2.5; 30.5] times higher chances of being underweight (p = 0.001) and 3.36 [1.0; 10.5] times higher chances for GMFCS (IV-V) (p = 0.03). For T/E, those with more severe involvement in GMFCS (IV-V) and EDACS (IV-V) had 2.63 [1.0; 6.8] (p = 0.04) and 7.93 [2.8; 21.9] (p ≤ 0.001) times higher chances of experiencing stunting, respectively.

Conclusion: CA with CP who present oro-gastric disorders and severe levels in functional classifications have greater growth impairment, with higher chances of presenting stunting and underweight.

Introduction: the prevalence of malnutrition in the pediatric hospital population ranges between 6 and 50 % in different countries. It is necessary to quantify the prevalence of risk or malnutrition at hospital admission in Colombia.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of intrahospital nutritional status using standardized reference standards and to perform the operational diagnostic by evaluating assessment of malnutrition of the STRONGkids tool in children hospitalized in a highly complex healthcare institution.

Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in which pediatric patients were selected consecutively for 5 weeks. The population would correspond to 300 patients.

Results: the prevalence of some degree of hospital malnutrition was 3.5 % (95 % CI, 0.3-11) in children under 5 years of age and 3.8 % (95 % CI, 0.8-10.6) in older children. The STRONGkids tool, with a high risk classification, showed an average sensitivity of 81 % (95 % CI, 40 %-100 %), and average specificity of 97.9 % (95 % CI, 94.5 %-100 %) in the diagnosis of Malnutrition, according to the anthropometric criteria of Resolution 2465 of 2016 of the Ministry of Health.

Conclusion: STRONGkids is a valid tool in the diagnosis of any type of hospital malnutrition in children.

Background: childhood obesity and vitamin D deficiency are growing public health concerns globally and are particularly prevalent in the Middle East. While previous studies have suggested a potential link between low vitamin D status and increased obesity risk, the evidence remains inconclusive, especially in ethnically diverse populations such as those in Qatar.

Objective: to examine the association between daily vitamin D intake and obesity among children aged 2-18 years in Qatar, and to assess whether comorbid conditions, such as asthma, modify this relationship.

Methods: this retrospective cohort study analyzed electronic medical records from Hamad Medical Corporation. Children were categorized as obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) or non-obese, and vitamin D intake was classified based on NIH guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between vitamin D daily intake and obesity, adjusting for age, sex, nationality, guardian education level, and comorbidities including asthma and metabolic conditions.

Results: among 686 children included, asthma and metabolic comorbidities were independently associated with increased odds of obesity (OR = 5.37 and 4.51, respectively; p < 0.001). Vitamin D intake was not significantly associated with obesity risk in the overall analysis (p = 0.475). However, a significant interaction was observed between asthma and vitamin D intake (p = 0.031), suggesting that adequate vitamin D intake may attenuate the elevated obesity risk in children with asthma.

Conclusion: while daily vitamin D intake was not directly associated with childhood obesity, it may play a modifying role in children with asthma. These findings highlight the complex interplay between nutritional status and chronic conditions and support the need for integrated, personalized approaches in obesity prevention strategies, especially in high-risk subgroups.

Background: cardiovascular health (CVH), as defined by the "Life's Essential 8" (LE8) metric, is crucial for overall well-being. However, the associations among CVH, lung function, and all-cause mortality remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to examine these relationships and assess the mediating role of lung function.

Methods: data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 cycles, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2019. The LE8 score, comprising eight key components, was used to evaluate CVH. Lung function was assessed via forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Multiple regression analyses and mediation models were employed to explore associations and potential mediation effects.

Results: among 10,819 adults, higher CVH was linked to enhanced lung function and lower all-cause mortality. Each one-point increment in the LE8 score corresponded to a 4 % reduction in mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.94-0.98, p < 0.001). Additionally, an increase of one LE8 point was associated with a 5.11 mL rise in FEV1 (β = 5.11, 95 % CI = 4.37-5.85, p < 0.001). Notably, the FEV1/FVC ratio mediated 18.03 % of the relationship between LE8 and mortality.

Conclusions: better CVH, as assessed by LE8, correlates with superior lung function and reduced mortality risk. Furthermore, lung function, particularly the FEV1/FVC ratio, partially mediates this association. These findings underscore the interdependence of cardiovascular and respiratory health in shaping long-term survival outcomes.

Background: the concurrent occurrence of hyperuricemia and hypertension is a significant public health issue, highlighting the need for effective predictive markers.

Objective: this study aimed to assess the correlation between hyperuricemia and two metabolic indices, the TyG index and the TG/HDL ratio, in H-type hypertension patients, with gender-specific analysis.

Material and methods: a cohort of 7,051 patients was selected from a stroke risk screening program in Nanshan District between 2017-2018 and 2021-2023. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline modeling were used to evaluate the risk and dose-response relationships.

Results: the highest quartiles of both indices were associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia, with stronger predictive power in females. Nonlinear and linear dose-response relationships were observed between the TyG index and hyperuricemia in males and females, respectively, while the TG/HDL ratio showed a nonlinear association with hyperuricemia in both genders. No association was found between these indices and homocysteine levels.

Conclusion: these results suggest that the TyG index and TG/HDL ratio could serve as predictive biomarkers for hyperuricemia in H-type hypertension, particularly in females.

Introduction: the adiposity excess has become a public health problem; therefore, many authors have studied this phenomenon from different standpoints. However, studies that have evaluated adiposity indicators sometimes do not report the assessment of model assumptions, which may have introduced potential bias in the interpretations.

Objective: to compare the metrics of generalized models to estimate factors associated with body mass index and waist circumference in Colombian adults for the year 2015.

Methodology: it was an analytical cross-sectional study. A sample of 72,815 adults (aged 18 to 65 years) was considered. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, with the first two used to calculate BMI. To estimate the association, five regression models were developed for each marker. The model fit was assessed using GAIC, and residuals were checked using worm-plot graphs.

Results: for both adiposity markers, the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape model showed the best fit according to GAIC and the worm-plot graph.

Conclusions: the use of generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape for studying body mass index and waist circumference provides better model fit and more effectively meets underlying assumptions. The estimator magnitudes across models maintain the same directionality; however, their magnitudes show significant variations.

Introduction: anxiety influences the eating behavior of medical students who consume unhealthy foods to mitigate stress by seeking the feeling of well-being and relaxation generated by the release of dopamine associated their consumption. Understanding this relationship is important to design interventions and health programs focused on improving students' well-being and promoting healthier eating habits. And therefore, reduce the recurrence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease in young adults, which promote a greater cardiometabolic risk.

Objectives: to determine the level of anxiety in medical students, and its relationship with the consumption of unhealthy foods, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk.

Results: 95 % of the students reported symptoms of anxiety (49 % men, 51 % women), with an average of moderate anxiety (p < 0.001); 74 % indicated being emotional eaters (33.87 % men, 40.63 % women), where the most consumed food was sweets (51.4 %), followed by savory foods (32.27 %), fats (11.15 %), and healthy foods (5.18 %). According to the BMI, 44 % of the population is classified as having a high weight (31.87 % overweight and 11.96 % obese), and among this group, 41.5 % have central obesity and are at risk of metabolic disease. Students who exhibited anxiety showed a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.497) with the consumption of unhealthy foods, where the exposed group has a high risk of being emotional eaters.

Conclusions: the prevalence of anxiety among medical students was high, being this a factor that contributes to the consumption of unhealthy foods, which causes nutritional repercussions and poses a risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemias. For this reason, it is important to implement reinforcements and measures in nutritional education, where the scientific and academic community must be included.

Introduction: Background: oxidative stress is correlated with epilepsy. Oxidative Balance Scores (OBS) serve as a systematic approach for evaluating oxidative stress in relation to dietary and lifestyle factors. The relationship between OBS and epilepsy is unclear. An investigation of the relationship between OBS and epilepsy was conducted in this study. Methods: in this cross-sectional study, we employed weighted logistic regression and conducted sensitivity analysis to examine the correlation between OBS and epilepsy. Additionally, we performed subgroup analysis and an interaction test to ascertain the consistency of this relationship across different demographic groups. Results: 11,910 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2013 and 2018 were included in this study. The results indicated a statistically significant inverse relationship between OBS and the prevalence of epilepsy [0.95 (0.92, 0.99)]. Furthermore, when OBS was converted into a quartile variable, individuals with OBS values greater than 25 had an adjusted OR of 0.47 compared to the lowest (95 % CI: 0.24, 0.92). Specifically, dietary OBS showed a consistent negative correlation with epilepsy risk across all models, while lifestyle OBS did not exhibit an association. The results of our study revealed a notable interaction between serum UA levels and race and diabetes (p < 0.05 for interaction). Conclusions: the study revealed a noteworthy inverse correlation between OBS and epilepsy among American adults. These findings underscore the potential protective effect of adherence to an antioxidant diet in reducing the prevalence of epilepsy.

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