Nutricion hospitalaria最新文献

Enteral nutrition represents the primary modality of nutritional support for critically ill patients. However, challenges such as gastroesophageal reflux, diarrhea, and abdominal distension often manifest during its administration. Enteral nutrition semi-solidified feeding has emerged as a promising alternative, demonstrating notable efficacy. This study systematically explores the literature on semi-solidified enteral nutrition, discussing its conceptual framework, classifications, relative merits, and drawbacks compared to traditional enteral nutrition. Additionally, it illustrates clinical application and associated complications, offering valuable insights for the implementation of semi-solidified enteral nutrition in critically ill patients.

Introduction: there is a paucity of studies in the literature examining the relationship between children, mindfulness and diet. In this context, this study was designed to assess emotional eating and perceived stressful situations with mindfulness in children.

Methods: this study was conducted with the participation of 349 children (128 boys, 221 girls) aged 9-11 living in the Karabük province. The study collected data on the participants' sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, number of main meals and snacks consumed per day, meal-skipping status, reasons for skipping meals, dietary motivations, and their scores on the Mindfulness Scale for Children (BAU-MSC), the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C), and the Perceived Stress Scale in Children (8-11 years) (PSS-C).

Results: 58.17 % of the participants had 2 main meals, 30.2 % had 3 or more main meals; 37.5 % consumed 1 snack, 31.5 % consumed 2 snacks. A positive, weakly statistically significant relationship was detected between age and body weight and height. A positive, weakly statistically significant relationship was detected between age and EES-C, anxiety-anger-disappointment subscales and PSS-C scores (r = 0.161; r = 0.178; r = 0.250; p = 0.003; p = 0.001; p = 0.000).

Conclusion: future studies with larger samples are needed to better understand the relationship between mindfulness and emotional eating and perceived stress situations in children.

Objective: this study aimed to identify the association between changes in Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) and Perceived Weight Gain (PWG) during the COVID-19 pandemic among participants enrolled in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: an observational longitudinal study utilizing data from the ELSA-Brasil, Wave 3 - W3 (2017-2019), and Wave-COVID - WC (July/2020 to February/2021). LTPA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, collected at both time points, while PWG was evaluated through a questionnaire in WC. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 21.0, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: among 4402 adults (57.8 % women), after adjusting for potential confounding variables, individuals who reduced their LTPA levels to the extent of changing their classification were more likely to experience PWG - specifically, those who were moderately active in W3 and became sedentary in WC (OR = 1.5 [95 % CI, 1.2-1.9]) or had low LTPA in WC (OR = 1.6 [95 % CI, 1.2-2.1]), and those who were highly active in W3 and presented a low level of LTPA in WC (OR = 2.3 [95 % CI, 1.05-5.4]).

Conclusion: our findings suggest that individuals who engaged in LTPA (moderately and highly levels) during W3 but transitioned to insufficiently active or sedentary lifestyles during the WC, were more likely to experience PWG.

Recently, fasted exercise has generated interest for its potential to stimulate metabolic and performance adaptations. The present study aims to analyze the effects of fasting and fasted training on performance and metabolism, acutely and chronically. The databases Medline (PubMed), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched. In total, 767 studies were identified. Of those, 51 studies were finally included. Acutely, exercise on fasting promotes fat oxidation at low and moderate intensities, while protein catabolism is not increased. Performance is not affected in efforts lower than 1 hour. Chronically, fasting generates greater efficiency in fat metabolism and the ability to regulate blood glucose in the long term, although it has not been possible to determine whether these findings improve sports performance. More research is needed in elite athletes, with high training loads and with a periodized approach to fasting.

Background: the phase angle (PA) is expressed via bioelectrical impedance and an indicator of cell membrane health, integrity, hydration, and nutritional status. The associations between PA and cancer survival are inconsistent and unclear. This study aimed to assess PA's role as a prognostic marker of cancer survival.

Methods: we searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify all relevant studies up to December 2023. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify PA's prognostic role for cancer patients.

Results: a total of 30 studies covering 6587 participants were included in this study. There was a significant prognostic role for PA in the context of cancer patients' survival (HR = 0.73; 95 % CI, 0.66-0.81, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0.0 %). Patients with low PA values were 27 % less likely to survive than patients with high values. Our subgroup analyses showed that geographical population (American: HR = 0.66, 95 % CI: 0.55-0.79, I2 = 0.0 %; European: HR = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.47-0.84, I2 = 23.2 %; Asian: HR = 0.48, 95 % CI: 0.31-0.74), the type of cancer (head and neck, colorectal, lung, or pancreatic cancer), and type of therapy (palliative vs. non-palliative treatment) did not change the prognostic value.

Conclusions: the findings highlight the potential of PA to be a non-invasive, cost-effective prognostic tool in oncological care.

Objective: to investigate the correlation between cardiometabolic index (CMI) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD) in U.S. adults.

Methods: the study selected eligible participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2011 to 2018. After adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), liver function markers, kidney function markers, blood routine indicators, metabolic markers, and chronic disease status, a logistic regression model combined with a restricted cubic spline model, smooth curve fitting, and threshold effect analysis was used to examine the association between CMI and LSBMD. Subgroup analysis was performed to verify the robustness of the results.

Result: among the 3,885 participants, for each unit increase in CMI, LSBMD decreased by 0.011 g/cm². Additionally, a turning point was identified at CMI = 0.797. When CMI was below 0.797, LSBMD decreased as CMI increased, showing a strong negative correlation (β = -0.077, 95 % CI: -0.097 to -0.058, p < 0.001). However, beyond this threshold, the relationship between CMI and LSBMD was no longer significant. Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative correlation between CMI and BMD was consistent across most subgroups (such as gender, BMI, hypertension, and high cholesterol), but instability was observed in subgroups such as individuals aged 51-59, Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Blacks, and those with diabetes.

Conclusion: there exists a non-linear inverse correlation with CMI and LSBMD, showing that CMI could be a potential contributing factor for decreased bone mineral density, with a more pronounced effect within a specific range.

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Background: diabetes is a complex disease that requires multiple strategies for glycemic control. The most challenging part is acquiring healthy eating practices. What is needed is to keep patients well informed and involved with their disease; for this, standardized, reliable instruments are required that allow evaluating the dietary practices in this population.

Objective: to build and to validate a highly reliable evaluation scale of feeding habits in patients with diabetes type 2.

Methodology: a cross-sectional design for the construction and validation of an evaluation scale for feeding habits in diabetes 2 patients. There were listed 63 questions subjected to review and statistics analysis that reduced it into a 30 ítems scale that was applied to 495 diabetes 2 patients in a first level attention clinic. There were used exploratory factorial analysis, sphericity Bartlett test, KMO, total variance explained, Spearman's r-test and Cronbach's alpha.

Results: a final version was obtained containing 30 ítems distributed in 8 dimensions with 3 response options on the Likert scale, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.811. The exploratory factor analysis showed factor loads > 0.30. The total explained variance threw eight principal components; the KMO test = 0.833, Bartlett's test of sphericity, p = 0.000.

Conclusion: the scale to evaluate eating practices in patients with type 2 diabetes has the validity and high reliability to be able to apply it to this population.