Reena, Abhinav Kumar, V. Srivastava, V. Mahto, Abha Choubey
This work aims at evaluating advancement in water shut-off performance using nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) prepared from PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP); used as polymer, Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF); used as a crosslinker and nano Zinc Oxide (ZnO); used as strength modifier and it was compared with conventional hydrogel (PVP:RF) i.e., hydrogel without ZnO nanofiller. The ZnO, used as a nanofiller in this work, was successfully bio-synthesized (i.e., green route synthesized) from plant extract (Moringa oleifera leaves) and the average size was found to be 10 nm. In this research work, the effect of ZnO nanofiller on gelation time, gel strength, thermal stability, rheological properties and water shut-off performance was systematically evaluated. On the incorporation of ZnO nanofiller, gelation time decreases but gel strength increases. The thermal stability of hydrogel was studied using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) that depicts maximum tolerable temperature increases from 86 °C to 92 °C at 0.5 wt.% of ZnO concentration in nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP). The mechanical stability of the nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) demonstrates that infusion of ZnO nanofiller has significantly enhanced the dynamic moduli (i.e., storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″)). Moreover, the optimum results of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) are found at 0.5 wt.% of ZnO nanofiller. The water shut-off performance in the high permeable streak, in terms of percentage reduction in permeability, was 97% and 92% for nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) and conventional hydrogel (PVP:RF), respectively. Also, the residual resistance factor is found to be 31.31 and 12.71 for PVP-ZnO:RF and PVP:RF hydrogels. Thus, the developed nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) may be a promising solution to excessive water production in mature oil fields.
{"title":"Polyvinylpyrrolidone-resorcinol-formaldehyde hydrogel system reinforced with bio-synthesized zinc-oxide for water shut-off in heterogeneous reservoir: An experimental investigation","authors":"Reena, Abhinav Kumar, V. Srivastava, V. Mahto, Abha Choubey","doi":"10.2516/ogst/2021043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021043","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims at evaluating advancement in water shut-off performance using nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) prepared from PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP); used as polymer, Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF); used as a crosslinker and nano Zinc Oxide (ZnO); used as strength modifier and it was compared with conventional hydrogel (PVP:RF) i.e., hydrogel without ZnO nanofiller. The ZnO, used as a nanofiller in this work, was successfully bio-synthesized (i.e., green route synthesized) from plant extract (Moringa oleifera leaves) and the average size was found to be 10 nm. In this research work, the effect of ZnO nanofiller on gelation time, gel strength, thermal stability, rheological properties and water shut-off performance was systematically evaluated. On the incorporation of ZnO nanofiller, gelation time decreases but gel strength increases. The thermal stability of hydrogel was studied using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) that depicts maximum tolerable temperature increases from 86 °C to 92 °C at 0.5 wt.% of ZnO concentration in nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP). The mechanical stability of the nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) demonstrates that infusion of ZnO nanofiller has significantly enhanced the dynamic moduli (i.e., storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″)). Moreover, the optimum results of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) are found at 0.5 wt.% of ZnO nanofiller. The water shut-off performance in the high permeable streak, in terms of percentage reduction in permeability, was 97% and 92% for nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) and conventional hydrogel (PVP:RF), respectively. Also, the residual resistance factor is found to be 31.31 and 12.71 for PVP-ZnO:RF and PVP:RF hydrogels. Thus, the developed nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) may be a promising solution to excessive water production in mature oil fields.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88283039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Do Van Linh, Nguyen Loi Loc, Vu Trong Tan, N. X. Huy, Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Pham Huu Tai, M. Abdurrahman, F. Hidayat
This study estimates the shear friction coefficient from shear friction angles for the prediction of slip tendencies in the Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau region of Southern Vietnam. A dataset consisting of measured data of 355 fractured planes, striations, and unconformities in coastal areas as well as 239 offshore faults was analyzed based on the principles of statistical probability. As a result, 138 friction angles for the onshore and offshore faults were calculated based on shear fracture conjugate pairs. The goodness-of-fit test was used to define the probability distribution of the friction angles, which had a normal distribution. The acceptable average of friction angles for the onshore region with a reliability of more than 95% were in the range of 25.8–31.5°, which corresponds to frictional coefficients of 0.48–0.61. The acceptable average friction angles for the offshore region were relatively low at 23–31°, which corresponds to a frictional coefficient of 0.42–0.60. Owing to the heterogeneity of the fault system, the median value (19.12°) should be used as the lowest threshold value for slipping faults at all conditions. The recommended applicable average friction angles are 28.65° and 27° for the onshore and offshore regions, respectively. The estimation of the frictional coefficients is highly reliable, and it can be applied to other subsurface resource exploitation projects within the study area.
{"title":"Statistical estimation of frictional coefficients of faults based on a structural dataset in the Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau Region, Viet Nam","authors":"Do Van Linh, Nguyen Loi Loc, Vu Trong Tan, N. X. Huy, Nguyen Thi Thu Trang, Pham Huu Tai, M. Abdurrahman, F. Hidayat","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2021016","url":null,"abstract":"This study estimates the shear friction coefficient from shear friction angles for the prediction of slip tendencies in the Tuy Hoa–Vung Tau region of Southern Vietnam. A dataset consisting of measured data of 355 fractured planes, striations, and unconformities in coastal areas as well as 239 offshore faults was analyzed based on the principles of statistical probability. As a result, 138 friction angles for the onshore and offshore faults were calculated based on shear fracture conjugate pairs. The goodness-of-fit test was used to define the probability distribution of the friction angles, which had a normal distribution. The acceptable average of friction angles for the onshore region with a reliability of more than 95% were in the range of 25.8–31.5°, which corresponds to frictional coefficients of 0.48–0.61. The acceptable average friction angles for the offshore region were relatively low at 23–31°, which corresponds to a frictional coefficient of 0.42–0.60. Owing to the heterogeneity of the fault system, the median value (19.12°) should be used as the lowest threshold value for slipping faults at all conditions. The recommended applicable average friction angles are 28.65° and 27° for the onshore and offshore regions, respectively. The estimation of the frictional coefficients is highly reliable, and it can be applied to other subsurface resource exploitation projects within the study area.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"04 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86326008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guillaume Raynel, Debora Salomon Marques, Sajjad Al-Khabaz, Mohammad Al-Thabet, L. Oshinowo
The current practice for crude oil demulsifier selection consists of pre-screening of the best performing demulsifiers followed by field trials to determine the optimum demulsifier dosage. The method of choice for demulsifier ranking is the bottle test. As there is no standard bottle test method, there are different methodologies reported in the literature. In this work, a new approach to bottle test and field trial was described which improved significantly the selection and dosage of the demulsifier. The bottle test was optimized by measuring an accurate mass of demulsifier. This method produces repeatable results. This bottle-test methodology was benchmarked against field trial results performed in oil processing plants. The field trials were also improved to avoid the accumulation effect of demulsifier, when optimizing their dosage. The field data for the optimization of demulsifier dosage was analyzed mathematically; and a graphical method to determine the optimum range is described.
{"title":"A new method to select demulsifiers and optimize dosage at wet crude oil separation facilities","authors":"Guillaume Raynel, Debora Salomon Marques, Sajjad Al-Khabaz, Mohammad Al-Thabet, L. Oshinowo","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2020096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2020096","url":null,"abstract":"The current practice for crude oil demulsifier selection consists of pre-screening of the best performing demulsifiers followed by field trials to determine the optimum demulsifier dosage. The method of choice for demulsifier ranking is the bottle test. As there is no standard bottle test method, there are different methodologies reported in the literature. In this work, a new approach to bottle test and field trial was described which improved significantly the selection and dosage of the demulsifier. The bottle test was optimized by measuring an accurate mass of demulsifier. This method produces repeatable results. This bottle-test methodology was benchmarked against field trial results performed in oil processing plants. The field trials were also improved to avoid the accumulation effect of demulsifier, when optimizing their dosage. The field data for the optimization of demulsifier dosage was analyzed mathematically; and a graphical method to determine the optimum range is described.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75876600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal conductivity of porous rocks depends on a large variety of proper to rock parameters as well as external influences. Thus, it can generate difficulties in determining accurate thermal behavior of the rock. The rock parameters which influence the thermal conductivity are principally the porosity, the microstructure [1] and the mineral composition. However, these parameters, in turn, can be impacted by external influences such as temperature and pressure. An accurate determining of the thermal conductivity is crucial in oil and gas engineering or in geothermal application. For example, during thermal EOR or geothermal application, the porosity and/or the microstructure of the sedimentary rocks can vary due to the increase of temperature and pressure, and this modification must be quantified to be accounted for the thermal behavior of rocks. Many efforts have been done to estimate the thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks in parallel to the experimental methods for its determination. These estimations have always been the subject of intensive studies, and a lot of data [2, 3] are obtained as well as models and methodologies to characterize the thermal conductivity of rocks [4–7]. Moreover, this type of estimation is well-known by other research communities. Indeed, we find the same formal analogy between Fourier, Ohm’s law, Darcy’s laws and thermal conductivity. For example, considering Darcy’s laws, the same problem is well-known and termed “upscaling” [8, 9] and consists in computation of the effective permeability considering a heterogeneous rock. Classically, the upscaling process can be related to percolation theory [10], which describes connectivity of objects within for example, a porous structure. We can also determine effects of this connectivity on macroscale properties such as thermal conductivity [11]. In particular, the fundamental contributions of Torquato who proposed strategies via rigorous microstructure-property relations [1, 12]. Finally, many technics are based on a porosity dependence and a link between the conceptual thermal conductivity of the non-porous rock, kR, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid saturated the porous rock kf. These technics are simple to implement especially when there is no precise information about the microstructure. In order to predict accurately the thermal efficiency of the geothermal installation or the oil recovery of a thermal EOR process, such as, for example, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), very often the engineers invoke numerical simulations. Numerous reservoir simulators [13–16] allow to estimate the thermal conductivity as function of porosity, but these solutions are often based on a mixing laws which are quite simplistic models. The purpose of this paper is to propose a better methodology to predict a thermal conductivity of reservoir rocks depending on the porosity for a reservoir simulator which satisfy the following conditions
{"title":"Thermal conductivity model function of porosity: review and fitting using experimental data","authors":"C. Preux, I. Malinouskaya","doi":"10.2516/ogst/2021047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021047","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal conductivity of porous rocks depends on a large variety of proper to rock parameters as well as external influences. Thus, it can generate difficulties in determining accurate thermal behavior of the rock. The rock parameters which influence the thermal conductivity are principally the porosity, the microstructure [1] and the mineral composition. However, these parameters, in turn, can be impacted by external influences such as temperature and pressure. An accurate determining of the thermal conductivity is crucial in oil and gas engineering or in geothermal application. For example, during thermal EOR or geothermal application, the porosity and/or the microstructure of the sedimentary rocks can vary due to the increase of temperature and pressure, and this modification must be quantified to be accounted for the thermal behavior of rocks. Many efforts have been done to estimate the thermal conductivity of sedimentary rocks in parallel to the experimental methods for its determination. These estimations have always been the subject of intensive studies, and a lot of data [2, 3] are obtained as well as models and methodologies to characterize the thermal conductivity of rocks [4–7]. Moreover, this type of estimation is well-known by other research communities. Indeed, we find the same formal analogy between Fourier, Ohm’s law, Darcy’s laws and thermal conductivity. For example, considering Darcy’s laws, the same problem is well-known and termed “upscaling” [8, 9] and consists in computation of the effective permeability considering a heterogeneous rock. Classically, the upscaling process can be related to percolation theory [10], which describes connectivity of objects within for example, a porous structure. We can also determine effects of this connectivity on macroscale properties such as thermal conductivity [11]. In particular, the fundamental contributions of Torquato who proposed strategies via rigorous microstructure-property relations [1, 12]. Finally, many technics are based on a porosity dependence and a link between the conceptual thermal conductivity of the non-porous rock, kR, and the thermal conductivity of the fluid saturated the porous rock kf. These technics are simple to implement especially when there is no precise information about the microstructure. In order to predict accurately the thermal efficiency of the geothermal installation or the oil recovery of a thermal EOR process, such as, for example, Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), very often the engineers invoke numerical simulations. Numerous reservoir simulators [13–16] allow to estimate the thermal conductivity as function of porosity, but these solutions are often based on a mixing laws which are quite simplistic models. The purpose of this paper is to propose a better methodology to predict a thermal conductivity of reservoir rocks depending on the porosity for a reservoir simulator which satisfy the following conditions","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81045348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunyan Kong, Rongjun Zhu, Derong Zhang, Shuangshuang Li
The single-cone bit has become the first choice for slim hole sidetracking and deep well drilling with its unique rock breaking method and high ROP (Rate Of Penetration), with its main failure mode being of early excessive wear of the cutting teeth. In order to improve the adaptability of single-cone bits to hard and highly abrasive formations, a spherical single-cone Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) compound bit is designed. According to the characteristics of the tooth profile, the way of tooth arrangement and the way of contact between the cutting teeth and the rock, the acceleration equation to the cutting teeth of the spherical single-cone PDC compound bit is established. The acceleration of the single-cone bit is verified by numerical simulation experiment of rock-breaking. The shaft inclination angle of the cone, the position and height of the PDC teeth, the radius of the PDC teeth, the lateral rotation angle and the front inclination angle on the acceleration are studied. The results show that as the shaft inclination angle increases, the bit transmission ratio gradually increases, and the harder the rock formation, the larger the transmission ratio of the single-cone bit; the shaft inclination angle and the position of the PDC tooth have a greater influence on the acceleration of the PDC tooth, and the radius, lateral rotation angle and front inclination angle of the PDC tooth have a small influence on the acceleration of the PDC tooth; rock properties have an impact on the acceleration of the cutting teeth, with the acceleration of the cutting teeth in hard rock formations being higher than that in soft rock formations; near the top of the cone, the absolute acceleration of the cutting teeth will fluctuate sharply and cause severe wear of the cutting teeth, so the tooth distribution in this area should be strengthened; on the premise that the bearing life of the single-cone bit is allowed, the value of the shaft inclination angle β can be approached to 70°. The relative error between the theoretical analysis results of the acceleration of the PDC cutter and the rock-breaking simulation experiment results is between −0.95% and −2.24%. This research lays a theoretical foundation for the dynamic research of spherical single-cone PDC compound bit.
{"title":"Research on kinematics analysis of spherical single-cone PDC compound bit and rock breaking simulation verification","authors":"Chunyan Kong, Rongjun Zhu, Derong Zhang, Shuangshuang Li","doi":"10.2516/ogst/2021034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021034","url":null,"abstract":"The single-cone bit has become the first choice for slim hole sidetracking and deep well drilling with its unique rock breaking method and high ROP (Rate Of Penetration), with its main failure mode being of early excessive wear of the cutting teeth. In order to improve the adaptability of single-cone bits to hard and highly abrasive formations, a spherical single-cone Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) compound bit is designed. According to the characteristics of the tooth profile, the way of tooth arrangement and the way of contact between the cutting teeth and the rock, the acceleration equation to the cutting teeth of the spherical single-cone PDC compound bit is established. The acceleration of the single-cone bit is verified by numerical simulation experiment of rock-breaking. The shaft inclination angle of the cone, the position and height of the PDC teeth, the radius of the PDC teeth, the lateral rotation angle and the front inclination angle on the acceleration are studied. The results show that as the shaft inclination angle increases, the bit transmission ratio gradually increases, and the harder the rock formation, the larger the transmission ratio of the single-cone bit; the shaft inclination angle and the position of the PDC tooth have a greater influence on the acceleration of the PDC tooth, and the radius, lateral rotation angle and front inclination angle of the PDC tooth have a small influence on the acceleration of the PDC tooth; rock properties have an impact on the acceleration of the cutting teeth, with the acceleration of the cutting teeth in hard rock formations being higher than that in soft rock formations; near the top of the cone, the absolute acceleration of the cutting teeth will fluctuate sharply and cause severe wear of the cutting teeth, so the tooth distribution in this area should be strengthened; on the premise that the bearing life of the single-cone bit is allowed, the value of the shaft inclination angle β can be approached to 70°. The relative error between the theoretical analysis results of the acceleration of the PDC cutter and the rock-breaking simulation experiment results is between −0.95% and −2.24%. This research lays a theoretical foundation for the dynamic research of spherical single-cone PDC compound bit.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75236664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ivanchina, Ekaterina Chernyakova, Inna Pchelintseva, D. Poluboyartsev
Catalytic naphtha reforming is extensively applied in petroleum refineries and petrochemical industries to convert low-octane naphtha into high-octane gasoline. Besides, this process is an important source of hydrogen and aromatics obtained as side products. The bifunctional Pt-catalysts for reforming are deactivated by coke formation during an industrial operation. This results to a reduction in the yield and octane number. In this paper modeling and optimization of a semi-egenerative catalytic reforming of naphtha is carried out considering catalyst deactivation and a complex multicomponent composition of a hydrocarbon mixture. The mathematical model of semi-egenerative catalytic reforming considering coke formation process was proposed. The operating parameters (yield, octane number, activity) for different catalysts were predicted and optimized. It was found that a decrease in the pressure range from 1.5 to 1.2 MPa at the temperature 478–481 °C and feedstock space velocity equal to 1.4–1 h induces an increase in the yield for 1–2 wt.% due to an increase in the aromatization reactions rate and a decrease in the hydrocracking reactions rate depending on the feedstock composition and catalyst type. It is shown that the decrease in pressure is limited by the requirements for the catalyst stability due to the increase in the coke formation rate. The criterion of optimality is the yield, expressed in octanes per tons.
{"title":"Mathematical modeling and optimization of semi-regenerative catalytic reforming of naphtha","authors":"E. Ivanchina, Ekaterina Chernyakova, Inna Pchelintseva, D. Poluboyartsev","doi":"10.2516/ogst/2021041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021041","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic naphtha reforming is extensively applied in petroleum refineries and petrochemical industries to convert low-octane naphtha into high-octane gasoline. Besides, this process is an important source of hydrogen and aromatics obtained as side products. The bifunctional Pt-catalysts for reforming are deactivated by coke formation during an industrial operation. This results to a reduction in the yield and octane number. In this paper modeling and optimization of a semi-egenerative catalytic reforming of naphtha is carried out considering catalyst deactivation and a complex multicomponent composition of a hydrocarbon mixture. The mathematical model of semi-egenerative catalytic reforming considering coke formation process was proposed. The operating parameters (yield, octane number, activity) for different catalysts were predicted and optimized. It was found that a decrease in the pressure range from 1.5 to 1.2 MPa at the temperature 478–481 °C and feedstock space velocity equal to 1.4–1 h induces an increase in the yield for 1–2 wt.% due to an increase in the aromatization reactions rate and a decrease in the hydrocracking reactions rate depending on the feedstock composition and catalyst type. It is shown that the decrease in pressure is limited by the requirements for the catalyst stability due to the increase in the coke formation rate. The criterion of optimality is the yield, expressed in octanes per tons.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79210193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Well placement planning is one of the challenging issues in any field development plan. Reservoir engineers always confront the problem that which point of the field should be drilled to achieve the highest recovery factor and/or maximum sweep efficiency. In this paper, we use Reservoir Opportunity Index (ROI) as a spatial measure of productivity potential for greenfields, which hybridizes the reservoir static properties, and for brownfields, ROI is replaced by Dynamic Measure (DM), which takes into account the current dynamic properties in addition to static properties. The purpose of using these criteria is to diminish the search region of optimization algorithms and as a consequence, reduce the computational time and cost of optimization, which are the main challenges in well placement optimization problems. However, considering the significant subsurface uncertainty, a probabilistic definition of ROI (SROI) or DM (SDM) is needed, since there exists an infinite number of possible distribution maps of static and/or dynamic properties. To build SROI or SDM maps, the k-means clustering technique is used to extract a limited number of characteristic realizations that can reasonably span the uncertainties. In addition, to determine the optimum number of clustered realizations, Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) method is applied which can also compress the data for large models in a lower-dimensional space. Additionally, we introduce the multiscale spatial density of ROI or DM (D2ROI and D2DM), which can distinguish between regions of high SROI (or SDM) in arbitrary neighborhood windows from the local SROI (or SDM) maxima with low values in the vicinity. Generally, we develop and implement a new systematic approach for well placement optimization for both green and brownfields on a synthetic reservoir model. This approach relies on the utilization of multi-scale maps of SROI and SDM to improve the initial guess for optimization algorithm. Narrowing down the search region for optimization algorithm can substantially speed up the convergence and hence the computational cost would be reduced by a factor of 4.
{"title":"Generalized Multi-Scale Stochastic Reservoir Opportunity Index for enhanced well placement optimization under uncertainty in green and brownfields","authors":"F. Vaseghi, M. Ahmadi, M. Sharifi, M. Vanhoucke","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2021014","url":null,"abstract":"Well placement planning is one of the challenging issues in any field development plan. Reservoir engineers always confront the problem that which point of the field should be drilled to achieve the highest recovery factor and/or maximum sweep efficiency. In this paper, we use Reservoir Opportunity Index (ROI) as a spatial measure of productivity potential for greenfields, which hybridizes the reservoir static properties, and for brownfields, ROI is replaced by Dynamic Measure (DM), which takes into account the current dynamic properties in addition to static properties. The purpose of using these criteria is to diminish the search region of optimization algorithms and as a consequence, reduce the computational time and cost of optimization, which are the main challenges in well placement optimization problems. However, considering the significant subsurface uncertainty, a probabilistic definition of ROI (SROI) or DM (SDM) is needed, since there exists an infinite number of possible distribution maps of static and/or dynamic properties. To build SROI or SDM maps, the k-means clustering technique is used to extract a limited number of characteristic realizations that can reasonably span the uncertainties. In addition, to determine the optimum number of clustered realizations, Higher-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD) method is applied which can also compress the data for large models in a lower-dimensional space. Additionally, we introduce the multiscale spatial density of ROI or DM (D2ROI and D2DM), which can distinguish between regions of high SROI (or SDM) in arbitrary neighborhood windows from the local SROI (or SDM) maxima with low values in the vicinity. Generally, we develop and implement a new systematic approach for well placement optimization for both green and brownfields on a synthetic reservoir model. This approach relies on the utilization of multi-scale maps of SROI and SDM to improve the initial guess for optimization algorithm. Narrowing down the search region for optimization algorithm can substantially speed up the convergence and hence the computational cost would be reduced by a factor of 4.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80024536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thierry Tchamba Tchuidjang, Eric Noubissie, A. Ali
The exploitation of our forests generates waste, amongst which sawdust produces approximately cubic meter per year. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the recovery process of this waste through the optimization of the pre-treatment stage of sawdust from Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process in order to produce bioethanol. To achieve this objective, Ayous sawdust was sampled and then characterized, followed by the pre-treatment through organosolv process. During pre-treatment, a composite experimental design centred on three factors (temperature, time, ethanol concentration) was used to study their effects on extraction of pentoses, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. Analysis shows that Ayous sawdust contains 45.33 ± 5.5% cellulose, 30.32 ± 1.95% lignin and 20.03 ± 3.5% hemicellulose. To release the maximum of pentoses, reducing sugars and the minimum of phenolic compounds, an organosolv pre-treatment of this substrate should be carried out at 209.08 °C for 47.60 min with an ethanol–water ratio of 24.02%. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence on the pre-treatment process whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure of Ayous sawdust.
{"title":"Optimization of the pre-treatment of white sawdust (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process for the production of bioethanol","authors":"Thierry Tchamba Tchuidjang, Eric Noubissie, A. Ali","doi":"10.2516/OGST/2021004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/OGST/2021004","url":null,"abstract":"The exploitation of our forests generates waste, amongst which sawdust produces approximately cubic meter per year. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the recovery process of this waste through the optimization of the pre-treatment stage of sawdust from Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process in order to produce bioethanol. To achieve this objective, Ayous sawdust was sampled and then characterized, followed by the pre-treatment through organosolv process. During pre-treatment, a composite experimental design centred on three factors (temperature, time, ethanol concentration) was used to study their effects on extraction of pentoses, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. Analysis shows that Ayous sawdust contains 45.33 ± 5.5% cellulose, 30.32 ± 1.95% lignin and 20.03 ± 3.5% hemicellulose. To release the maximum of pentoses, reducing sugars and the minimum of phenolic compounds, an organosolv pre-treatment of this substrate should be carried out at 209.08 °C for 47.60 min with an ethanol–water ratio of 24.02%. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence on the pre-treatment process whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure of Ayous sawdust.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90364799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamid Irannezhad, J. Javanmardi, Ali Rasoolzadeh, K. Mehrabi, A. Mohammadi
One of the promising applications of clathrate/gas hydrates is the transport and storage of natural gas. Semi-clathrate hydrates have received more attention due to milder pressure/temperature stability conditions compared to ordinary clathrate hydrates. The most commonly reported semi-clathrate hydrates are formed from a combination of gas + water + quaternary ammonium salts. In this work, a total of 53 equilibrium data for semi-clathrate hydrates of methane + TetraButylAmmonium Bromide (TBAB)/TetraButylAmmonium Acetate (TBAA) aqueous solutions were experimentally measured. For TBAB, three concentrations including 0.0350, 0.0490, and 0.1500 mass fractions were used. For TBAA, a solution with a 0.0990 mass fraction was used. Additionally, the modified Chen–Guo model was applied to calculate the hydrate phase equilibrium conditions of methane + TBAB/TBAA aqueous solutions. The model can accurately calculate the aforementioned semi-clathrate hydrate phase equilibrium conditions with the Average Absolute Deviations ((AAD)T and (AAD)P) of 0.1 K and 0.08 MPa, respectively. The temperature increments for 0.0350, 0.0490, and 0.1500 mass fractions of TBAB are 7.7, 9.4, and 13.5 K, respectively. This value for 0.0990 mass fraction of TBAA is 6.2 K. Therefore, it is concluded that TBAB is a stronger hydrate promoter compared to TBAA.
{"title":"Semi-clathrate hydrate phase stability conditions for methane + TetraButylAmmonium Bromide (TBAB)/TetraButylAmmonium Acetate (TBAA) + water system: Experimental measurements and thermodynamic modeling","authors":"Hamid Irannezhad, J. Javanmardi, Ali Rasoolzadeh, K. Mehrabi, A. Mohammadi","doi":"10.2516/ogst/2021055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021055","url":null,"abstract":"One of the promising applications of clathrate/gas hydrates is the transport and storage of natural gas. Semi-clathrate hydrates have received more attention due to milder pressure/temperature stability conditions compared to ordinary clathrate hydrates. The most commonly reported semi-clathrate hydrates are formed from a combination of gas + water + quaternary ammonium salts. In this work, a total of 53 equilibrium data for semi-clathrate hydrates of methane + TetraButylAmmonium Bromide (TBAB)/TetraButylAmmonium Acetate (TBAA) aqueous solutions were experimentally measured. For TBAB, three concentrations including 0.0350, 0.0490, and 0.1500 mass fractions were used. For TBAA, a solution with a 0.0990 mass fraction was used. Additionally, the modified Chen–Guo model was applied to calculate the hydrate phase equilibrium conditions of methane + TBAB/TBAA aqueous solutions. The model can accurately calculate the aforementioned semi-clathrate hydrate phase equilibrium conditions with the Average Absolute Deviations ((AAD)T and (AAD)P) of 0.1 K and 0.08 MPa, respectively. The temperature increments for 0.0350, 0.0490, and 0.1500 mass fractions of TBAB are 7.7, 9.4, and 13.5 K, respectively. This value for 0.0990 mass fraction of TBAA is 6.2 K. Therefore, it is concluded that TBAB is a stronger hydrate promoter compared to TBAA.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blending a fraction of hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline or urban pipe network is an efficient approach for hydrogen delivery. In this paper, the mathematical model of Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas (HBNG) transportation is established, and the influences of hydrogen blending on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of natural gas pipeline and pipe network are numerically investigated. The impact of hydrogen blending ratio on the performance of centrifugal compressor and the operating point for joint operation of pipeline and compressor is discussed. Results illustrate that compared with natural gas without hydrogen, the hydrogen blending can reduce the pipeline friction resistance and increase the volume flow rate. However, due to the lower volumetric calorific value of HBNG, the energy flow rate actually decreases under the same transportation condition. Meanwhile, the temperature drop along the pipeline slows down due to the blended hydrogen. The performance degradation of centrifugal compressor occurs with the increasing hydrogen blending ratio, and the operating point for joint operation of pipeline and centrifugal compressor moves to the direction of higher volume flow rate and lower pressure. This study is expected to shed a light on the hydrogen delivery by natural gas pipelines and pipe networks.
{"title":"Effects of hydrogen blending on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of natural gas pipeline and pipe network","authors":"Heng Zhang, Jingfa Li, Yue Su, Peng Wang, Bo Yu","doi":"10.2516/ogst/2021052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021052","url":null,"abstract":"Blending a fraction of hydrogen into the natural gas pipeline or urban pipe network is an efficient approach for hydrogen delivery. In this paper, the mathematical model of Hydrogen-Blended Natural Gas (HBNG) transportation is established, and the influences of hydrogen blending on hydraulic and thermal characteristics of natural gas pipeline and pipe network are numerically investigated. The impact of hydrogen blending ratio on the performance of centrifugal compressor and the operating point for joint operation of pipeline and compressor is discussed. Results illustrate that compared with natural gas without hydrogen, the hydrogen blending can reduce the pipeline friction resistance and increase the volume flow rate. However, due to the lower volumetric calorific value of HBNG, the energy flow rate actually decreases under the same transportation condition. Meanwhile, the temperature drop along the pipeline slows down due to the blended hydrogen. The performance degradation of centrifugal compressor occurs with the increasing hydrogen blending ratio, and the operating point for joint operation of pipeline and centrifugal compressor moves to the direction of higher volume flow rate and lower pressure. This study is expected to shed a light on the hydrogen delivery by natural gas pipelines and pipe networks.","PeriodicalId":19424,"journal":{"name":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86158457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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