Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.4
Kakarla Lavanya, Suman K, A. Fiyaz, M. Chiranjeevi, R. Surender, A. Satya, P. Sudhakar, L. S. Rao
The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and divergence based on heat stress and yield associated traits using 48 landraces of rice grown during rabi 2016 and 2017 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research farm, Hyderabad. ANOVA revealed the existence of significant differences for all the traits under study. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found slightly elevated than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). All the characters under study except time to maturity exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a per cent of mean, which revealed the predominance of additive gene action in controlling these traits. Cluster analysis grouped the 48 landraces into ten distinct clusters. Cluster I consisted of one landrace, while cluster II and III had 9 landraces each. Clusters IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X had 6, 2, 3, 3, 1, 6 and 8 landraces respectively. Cluster I included one landrace Byama Jhupi which was superior for the trait number of grains per panicle. Highest single plant yield (Mugei), fertility percentage (Neta) and time of heading (Neta) were recorded by entries of cluster II and highest panicle number per plant was recorded by landrace (Chiiti Mutyalu) of cluster IX. The genotypes of cluster II, VIII and IX showed high spikelet fertility percentage. Hence the genetic resources of these clusters can be utilized in the breeding programmes for development of heat tolerant varieties. The study helped to understand the extent of genetic diversity among the genetic resources which serve as a treasure of highly useful traits which can be exploited in developing high yielding and stress tolerant varieties.
本研究利用icar -印度水稻研究所(icar - india Institute of rice Research) 2016年和2017年rabi期间种植的48个地方品种的水稻，评估了热胁迫和产量相关性状的基因型和表型变异、遗传力、遗传进步和分化。方差分析显示，所有研究性状均存在显著差异。表型变异系数(PCV)略高于基因型变异系数(GCV)。除成熟期外，其余性状均表现出较高的遗传力和较高的遗传超前率，表明加性基因作用在控制这些性状中占主导地位。聚类分析将48个地方品种分为10个不同的聚类。第一类由1只地方赛马组成，而第二类和第三类各有9只地方赛马。集群IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX和X分别有6个、2个、3个、3个、1个、6个和8个地方品种。集群1包括1个地方品种，每穗粒数较优。单株最高产量(Mugei)、育性率(Neta)和抽穗时间(Neta)记录在第二簇的条目中，单株最高穗数记录在第九簇的地方品种(Chiiti Mutyalu)中。集群II、VIII和IX的基因型表现出较高的小穗受精率。因此，这些集群的遗传资源可用于培育耐热品种的育种计划。该研究有助于了解遗传资源之间的遗传多样性程度，为培育高产耐寒品种提供宝贵的有用性状资源。
{"title":"Phenotypic assessment of rice landraces for genetic variability and diversity studies under heat stress","authors":"Kakarla Lavanya, Suman K, A. Fiyaz, M. Chiranjeevi, R. Surender, A. Satya, P. Sudhakar, L. S. Rao","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and divergence based on heat stress and yield associated traits using 48 landraces of rice grown during rabi 2016 and 2017 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research farm, Hyderabad. ANOVA revealed the existence of significant differences for all the traits under study. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found slightly elevated than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). All the characters under study except time to maturity exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a per cent of mean, which revealed the predominance of additive gene action in controlling these traits. Cluster analysis grouped the 48 landraces into ten distinct clusters. Cluster I consisted of one landrace, while cluster II and III had 9 landraces each. Clusters IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X had 6, 2, 3, 3, 1, 6 and 8 landraces respectively. Cluster I included one landrace Byama Jhupi which was superior for the trait number of grains per panicle. Highest single plant yield (Mugei), fertility percentage (Neta) and time of heading (Neta) were recorded by entries of cluster II and highest panicle number per plant was recorded by landrace (Chiiti Mutyalu) of cluster IX. The genotypes of cluster II, VIII and IX showed high spikelet fertility percentage. Hence the genetic resources of these clusters can be utilized in the breeding programmes for development of heat tolerant varieties. The study helped to understand the extent of genetic diversity among the genetic resources which serve as a treasure of highly useful traits which can be exploited in developing high yielding and stress tolerant varieties.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90768131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.12
S. Duary, K. Pramanik, Debasish Panda
Water and nitrogen fertilizer are the two important inputs for rice cultivation. A field experiment was carried out in split plot design, with three water management treatments, irrigation at (i) 75 % Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE), (ii) 100% CPE, (iii) 125% CPE in the main plot, and four nitrogen management strategies, (i) 100% nitrogen applied through chemical fertiliser, (ii) 75% through chemical fertiliser + 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost, (iii) 50% through chemical fertiliser + 5.0 t ha-1 vermicompost, and (iv) 25% through chemical fertiliser +7.5 t ha-1vermicompost in subplot. The grain yield, straw yield, water productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of aerobic rice were considerably affected by irrigation and nitrogen management. Crops receiving irrigation at 125% CPE had the highest grain yield (3618 kg ha-1), which was comparable to crops receiving irrigation at 100 % CPE. Regardless of irrigation and nitrogen management, the straw yield of aerobic rice ranged from 4127 to 5092 kg ha-1. The highest total NPK uptake by grain was recorded with nitrogen at 100 % N through fertiliser (N1), which was significantly greater than what was obtained from other nitrogen treatments and irrigation management at 100 % CPE (I100) and 125 % CPE (I125) was significantly better than irrigation at 75 % CPE (I75). Irrigation management at 125 % CPE yielded the highest gross return, net return, and B: C ratio of aerobic rice, which was comparable to 100 % CPE and 100 % N through fertiliser, 75 % N through fertiliser + 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost, and significantly higher than other nitrogen treatments.
水肥和氮肥是水稻栽培的两大重要投入品。采用分地块设计进行田间试验，采用3种水分管理处理，分别在主地块以(i) 75%累积蒸发皿蒸发量(CPE)、(ii) 100%累积蒸发量(CPE)、(iii) 125%累积蒸发量(CPE)灌溉，以及4种氮肥管理策略，即(i) 100%施氮于化肥，(ii) 75%施于化肥+ 2.5 t ha-1蚯蚓堆肥，(iii) 50%施于化肥+ 5.0 t ha-1蚯蚓堆肥，(iv) 25%施用化肥+7.5 t ha- 1蚯蚓堆肥。灌溉和氮肥管理对旱作水稻的籽粒产量、秸秆产量、水分生产力、养分吸收和经济效益均有显著影响。以125% CPE灌溉的作物籽粒产量最高(3618 kg hm -1)，与以100% CPE灌溉的作物相当。在不考虑灌溉和氮肥管理的情况下，旱作水稻秸秆产量在4127 ~ 5092 kg hm -1之间。100%氮肥处理(N1)的籽粒氮磷钾总吸收量最高，显著高于其他氮肥处理，100% CPE (I100)和125% CPE (I125)的灌溉管理显著优于75% CPE (I75)。125% CPE的灌溉处理产生的好氧水稻的总收益、净收益和B: C比最高，与100% CPE + 100%氮肥、75%氮肥+ 2.5 t hm -1蚯蚓堆肥相当，显著高于其他施氮处理。
{"title":"Effect of irrigation and nitrogen management on water productivity and nutrient uptake of aerobic rice","authors":"S. Duary, K. Pramanik, Debasish Panda","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Water and nitrogen fertilizer are the two important inputs for rice cultivation. A field experiment was carried out in split plot design, with three water management treatments, irrigation at (i) 75 % Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE), (ii) 100% CPE, (iii) 125% CPE in the main plot, and four nitrogen management strategies, (i) 100% nitrogen applied through chemical fertiliser, (ii) 75% through chemical fertiliser + 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost, (iii) 50% through chemical fertiliser + 5.0 t ha-1 vermicompost, and (iv) 25% through chemical fertiliser +7.5 t ha-1vermicompost in subplot. The grain yield, straw yield, water productivity, nutrient uptake and economics of aerobic rice were considerably affected by irrigation and nitrogen management. Crops receiving irrigation at 125% CPE had the highest grain yield (3618 kg ha-1), which was comparable to crops receiving irrigation at 100 % CPE. Regardless of irrigation and nitrogen management, the straw yield of aerobic rice ranged from 4127 to 5092 kg ha-1. The highest total NPK uptake by grain was recorded with nitrogen at 100 % N through fertiliser (N1), which was significantly greater than what was obtained from other nitrogen treatments and irrigation management at 100 % CPE (I100) and 125 % CPE (I125) was significantly better than irrigation at 75 % CPE (I75). Irrigation management at 125 % CPE yielded the highest gross return, net return, and B: C ratio of aerobic rice, which was comparable to 100 % CPE and 100 % N through fertiliser, 75 % N through fertiliser + 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost, and significantly higher than other nitrogen treatments.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83907088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.13
A. Ashraf, Subbalakshmi Lokanadan
A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, with an objective to study the effect of seedling age on productivity and profitability in rice landraces under irrigated rice ecosystem. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments in main plot were three age of seedlings viz., 15, 20 and 25 days old seedlings and in sub plot eight rice landraces viz., Chandikar, Kuliyadichan, Kuruvaikalanjiyam, Norungan, Nootripathu, Black Kavuni, Red Kavuni, Njavara and CO(R) 50 (one high yielding variety). Observations were recorded on growth parameters such as plant height, tiller numbers and dry matter production. The yield attributes like productive tillers, total spikelet, filled grains, unfilled grains, spikelet sterility percentage, thousand grain weight, grain yield and straw yield were recorded at the time of harvest. From the study it was observed that 15 days old seedlings in all the eight rice landraces and one high yielding variety, recorded higher growth and yield attributes. In rice landraces, Red Kavuni recorded higher grain, straw yield and B:C ratio. Based on quality parameters, CO(R) 50 rice variety and landraces viz., Red Kavuni, Black Kavuni, Nootripathu, Chandikar recorded optimum values and were suitable for cooking purpose.
{"title":"Effect of seedling age on productivity and profitability in traditional rice landraces","authors":"A. Ashraf, Subbalakshmi Lokanadan","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, with an objective to study the effect of seedling age on productivity and profitability in rice landraces under irrigated rice ecosystem. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatments in main plot were three age of seedlings viz., 15, 20 and 25 days old seedlings and in sub plot eight rice landraces viz., Chandikar, Kuliyadichan, Kuruvaikalanjiyam, Norungan, Nootripathu, Black Kavuni, Red Kavuni, Njavara and CO(R) 50 (one high yielding variety). Observations were recorded on growth parameters such as plant height, tiller numbers and dry matter production. The yield attributes like productive tillers, total spikelet, filled grains, unfilled grains, spikelet sterility percentage, thousand grain weight, grain yield and straw yield were recorded at the time of harvest. From the study it was observed that 15 days old seedlings in all the eight rice landraces and one high yielding variety, recorded higher growth and yield attributes. In rice landraces, Red Kavuni recorded higher grain, straw yield and B:C ratio. Based on quality parameters, CO(R) 50 rice variety and landraces viz., Red Kavuni, Black Kavuni, Nootripathu, Chandikar recorded optimum values and were suitable for cooking purpose.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77932830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.7
A. Ali, B. R, Chennamsetti Lakshmi Naga Manikanta, S. Alex, Soni Kb, Viji Mm
Coexistence of two or more abiotic stresses is common in most of the rainfed lowland and upland rice growing areas of India and worldwide. Rice production under these conditions is not sustainable. Identification and development of multiple abiotic stress tolerant rice varieties are to be addressed. Here we tried to identify multiple abiotic stress tolerant varieties from a collection of earlier identified varieties for single stress and validated the known SSR markers for stress tolerance. Twenty rice genotypes were evaluated for individual abiotic stress such as drought, salinity and temperature initially and the tolerant three genotypes in each case were further evaluated for combination of stresses various physio-morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Among the genotypes evaluated for combination of stresses, PTB-7 was found to be tolerant for drought and salinity, Nagina-22 was tolerant against high temperature and salinity. However, the seeds did not germinate in the presence of all three stresses simultaneously. Twenty rice varieties viz., Chomala, MO-16, PTB-35, PTB-60, PTB-39, PTB-55, PTB-30, PTB-7, CRdhan307, Apo, Vyttila-3, Vyttila-4, Vyttila-5, Vyttila-6, Vyttila-7, Vyttila-8, Vyttila-9, Vyttila-10, Nagina-22 and NL-44 were further investigated using microsatellite markers to confirm the genotypic level of tolerance to combination of abiotic stresses. Rice genotypes were screened using 30 reported simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are linked to drought, salinity and temperature. Molecular marker analysis of rice genotypes also confirmed that RM8904 and RM1287 were associated with salinity tolerance, RM2612, RM6100 and RM5749 were linked to high temperature tolerant trait. Population analysis also revealed that there is five subpopulation among rice genotypes.
{"title":"Molecular characterization and varietal identification for multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"A. Ali, B. R, Chennamsetti Lakshmi Naga Manikanta, S. Alex, Soni Kb, Viji Mm","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Coexistence of two or more abiotic stresses is common in most of the rainfed lowland and upland rice growing areas of India and worldwide. Rice production under these conditions is not sustainable. Identification and development of multiple abiotic stress tolerant rice varieties are to be addressed. Here we tried to identify multiple abiotic stress tolerant varieties from a collection of earlier identified varieties for single stress and validated the known SSR markers for stress tolerance. Twenty rice genotypes were evaluated for individual abiotic stress such as drought, salinity and temperature initially and the tolerant three genotypes in each case were further evaluated for combination of stresses various physio-morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Among the genotypes evaluated for combination of stresses, PTB-7 was found to be tolerant for drought and salinity, Nagina-22 was tolerant against high temperature and salinity. However, the seeds did not germinate in the presence of all three stresses simultaneously. Twenty rice varieties viz., Chomala, MO-16, PTB-35, PTB-60, PTB-39, PTB-55, PTB-30, PTB-7, CRdhan307, Apo, Vyttila-3, Vyttila-4, Vyttila-5, Vyttila-6, Vyttila-7, Vyttila-8, Vyttila-9, Vyttila-10, Nagina-22 and NL-44 were further investigated using microsatellite markers to confirm the genotypic level of tolerance to combination of abiotic stresses. Rice genotypes were screened using 30 reported simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers that are linked to drought, salinity and temperature. Molecular marker analysis of rice genotypes also confirmed that RM8904 and RM1287 were associated with salinity tolerance, RM2612, RM6100 and RM5749 were linked to high temperature tolerant trait. Population analysis also revealed that there is five subpopulation among rice genotypes.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86140599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.9
BC Verma, NP Mandal, S. Roy, SM Prasad, A. Banerjee
An experiment was undertaken to compare the productivity of rice- sole with rice-pigeon pea intercropping under different nutrient management (inorganic, organic and integrated nutrient management) strategies in drought prone rainfed (upland) ecology. The experimental data showed that, rice equivalent yield (REY) (2.83 and 3.22 t ha-1 under rice sole and rice -pigeon pea respectively) and yield attributing characters (grain panicle-1 (73) and test weight (24.3g) were higher under inorganic nutrient management followed by the integrated nutrient management (T4) (2.25 t ha-1, 2.64 t ha-1, 64 and 22.7 g respectively). The yield gap between the inorganic and integrated nutrient management decreased over the three years, because, in the first year integrated nutrient management could not produce enough yield and difference was more which became narrow as this treatment produced comparatively more yield afterward. REY was more in rice-pigeon-pea system (varied from 1.13 to 3.22 t ha-1) over the rice-sole (1.01 to 2.83 t ha-1) across the nutrient management strategies. Thus it is evident that, rice- pigeon pea intercropping under integrated nutrient management in upland condition would be better choice in rainfed drought prone area to enhance farm income as well as system productivity.
在干旱旱作(旱地)生态系统中，比较了不同营养管理(无机、有机和综合营养管理)策略下稻-比目鱼和稻-鸽豆间作的生产力。试验数据表明，无机养分管理后综合养分管理(T4)(分别为2.25 t ha-1、2.64 t ha-1、64和22.7 g)的水稻同等产量(REY)和产量性状(穗数1(73)和试重(24.3g)较高。无机养分管理与综合养分管理的产量差距在3年内逐渐缩小，因为综合养分管理第一年产量不足，差异较大，但随着综合养分管理产量的增加，差异逐渐缩小。水稻-鸽子-豌豆系统的REY (1.13 ~ 3.22 t ha-1)高于水稻-比目鱼系统(1.01 ~ 2.83 t ha-1)。因此，旱作旱作地区采用综合营养管理的稻鸽豆间作是提高农业收入和提高系统生产力的较好选择。
{"title":"Effect of nutrient management strategies on productivity in rice-pigeon pea intercropping under drought prone rainfed ecology of Eastern India","authors":"BC Verma, NP Mandal, S. Roy, SM Prasad, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was undertaken to compare the productivity of rice- sole with rice-pigeon pea intercropping under different nutrient management (inorganic, organic and integrated nutrient management) strategies in drought prone rainfed (upland) ecology. The experimental data showed that, rice equivalent yield (REY) (2.83 and 3.22 t ha-1 under rice sole and rice -pigeon pea respectively) and yield attributing characters (grain panicle-1 (73) and test weight (24.3g) were higher under inorganic nutrient management followed by the integrated nutrient management (T4) (2.25 t ha-1, 2.64 t ha-1, 64 and 22.7 g respectively). The yield gap between the inorganic and integrated nutrient management decreased over the three years, because, in the first year integrated nutrient management could not produce enough yield and difference was more which became narrow as this treatment produced comparatively more yield afterward. REY was more in rice-pigeon-pea system (varied from 1.13 to 3.22 t ha-1) over the rice-sole (1.01 to 2.83 t ha-1) across the nutrient management strategies. Thus it is evident that, rice- pigeon pea intercropping under integrated nutrient management in upland condition would be better choice in rainfed drought prone area to enhance farm income as well as system productivity.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74293791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.11
A. Pal, M. Ghosh, D. Mazumdar, B. Patra, S. Banerjee
The effect of planting density and weed management on weed control, yield and quality of a non-Basmati type short-grained scented rice (cv. Radhunipagal) was studied at 'C' Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 2 spacings (15 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 15 cm) in main plots and 6 weed control practices [weedy check, 2 hand weeding (HW), Butachlor as pre-emergence (PE) + HW, Butachlor (PE) + 2,4-D Na-salt as post-emergence (PoE), HW + 2,4-D Na-salt (PoE), mechanical weeding + HW) in sub-plots during rainy (kharif) season of 2013 and 2014. Mean number of total weeds in 1 m2 field was 94.3 and 118.8 at 28 and 56 days after transplanting (DAT); and weed control efficiency varied among 5 weed management practices over weedy check as: 49.0-67.3% at 28 DAT and 56.5-72.8% at 56 DAT. Close planting (15 cm × 15 cm) resulted in 9.1% greater grain yield (2.27 vs. 2.08 t/ha), higher net income (Rs. 23,700 vs. 20,900/ha) and B:C ratio (1.79 vs. 1.73) over wider spacing (20 cm × 15 cm). Manual weeding twice at 21 and 42 DAT recorded better weed control efficiency (67.3 and 72.8% at 28 and 56 DAT), grain yield (2.51 t/ha), milling recovery (65.9%) and net return (Rs. 25,900/ha). But chemical weed control [Butachlor (PE) + 2,4-D Na-salt (PoE)] was adjudged as less expensive option (Rs. 27,300/ha) for Radhunipagal rice with moderate grain yield (2.16 t/ha ), higher protein content (7.45%) and B: C ratio (1.90).
{"title":"Weed control, yield and quality of small-grain scented rice as influenced by spacing and weed management in lower gangetic plains","authors":"A. Pal, M. Ghosh, D. Mazumdar, B. Patra, S. Banerjee","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of planting density and weed management on weed control, yield and quality of a non-Basmati type short-grained scented rice (cv. Radhunipagal) was studied at 'C' Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. The field experiment was conducted in a split-plot design comprising 2 spacings (15 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 15 cm) in main plots and 6 weed control practices [weedy check, 2 hand weeding (HW), Butachlor as pre-emergence (PE) + HW, Butachlor (PE) + 2,4-D Na-salt as post-emergence (PoE), HW + 2,4-D Na-salt (PoE), mechanical weeding + HW) in sub-plots during rainy (kharif) season of 2013 and 2014. Mean number of total weeds in 1 m2 field was 94.3 and 118.8 at 28 and 56 days after transplanting (DAT); and weed control efficiency varied among 5 weed management practices over weedy check as: 49.0-67.3% at 28 DAT and 56.5-72.8% at 56 DAT. Close planting (15 cm × 15 cm) resulted in 9.1% greater grain yield (2.27 vs. 2.08 t/ha), higher net income (Rs. 23,700 vs. 20,900/ha) and B:C ratio (1.79 vs. 1.73) over wider spacing (20 cm × 15 cm). Manual weeding twice at 21 and 42 DAT recorded better weed control efficiency (67.3 and 72.8% at 28 and 56 DAT), grain yield (2.51 t/ha), milling recovery (65.9%) and net return (Rs. 25,900/ha). But chemical weed control [Butachlor (PE) + 2,4-D Na-salt (PoE)] was adjudged as less expensive option (Rs. 27,300/ha) for Radhunipagal rice with moderate grain yield (2.16 t/ha ), higher protein content (7.45%) and B: C ratio (1.90).","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88733008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.8
PB Saha, A. Jha, Shaun S Kumar, K. Prasad
A field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Dumka, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand during kharif 2018 to evaluate location specific genotypes for tolerance to soil acidity and related nutrient constraints in rainfed medium low lands. The experimental findings have been interpreted in terms of grain yield, crop response (%) to lime, lime use efficiency (LUE), P and K-uptake by the crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design in which fertilizer levels (two) [NPK (RD) i.e., @ (100:50:25) kg/ha and NPK (RD) + lime @3q/ha] were taken as main plots and rice genotypes (fourteen) as sub-plots. It was found that the grain yield and nutrient uptakes (P & K) by the crop were significantly influenced by lime (irrespective of vars.) and genotype differences (irrespective of lime levels). Significantly higher grain yield (55.20 q/ha), P-uptake (17.21kg/ha) and K-uptake (19.13kg/ha) were recorded with (NPK + Lime) (irrespective of vars.). The highest crop response to lime (26.9%) and lime use efficiency (4.74 kg grain /kg lime) were recorded with JKRH3333 and BINADHAN-75, respectively, whereas the maximum increase in P-uptake (19.1%) and K-uptake (33.0%) were obtained with BINADHAN-8 and PUP-223, respectively.
2018年秋季，在印度贾坎德邦兰齐Birsa农业大学Dumka区域农业研究站实验农场进行了田间试验，以评估雨养中低地对土壤酸度和相关养分限制的耐受性。试验结果用粮食产量、作物对石灰的反应(%)、石灰利用效率(LUE)、作物对磷和钾的吸收来解释。试验采用分畦设计，以施肥水平(2)[氮磷钾(RD)，即@ (100:50:25)kg/ha和氮磷钾(RD) +石灰@3q/ha]为主畦，水稻基因型(14)为次畦。结果表明，石灰(与品种无关)和基因型差异(与石灰水平无关)对籽粒产量和养分吸收(P和K)有显著影响。氮磷钾+石灰处理的籽粒产量(55.20 q/ha)、吸磷量(17.21kg/ha)和吸钾量(19.13kg/ha)显著提高(与品种无关)。JKRH3333和BINADHAN-75处理对石灰的响应最高(26.9%)，石灰利用率最高(4.74 kg kg粒/kg石灰)，BINADHAN-8和PUP-223处理对磷素和钾素的吸收分别提高了19.1%和33.0%。
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Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.1
Y. Mohan, L. Krishna, T. Singh, T. K. Babu, N. Varma, M. .. Ramana
Thirty hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and standard checks viz., MTU 1001 and 27P63 were evaluated for grain yield and related traits to study combining ability and heterosis in rice. The mean performance of the hybrids for most of the characters was found higher than that of parents. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among lines, testers and hybrids for most of the characters studied. SCA variances were found lower than GCA variances for most of the characters and average degree of dominance was far from unity indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits. However, for effective bearing tillers and spikelet fertility the average degree of dominance was very near to unity inferring the predominance of non-additive genetic components for these traits. The gca effects revealed that the lines, RNR 25783 and RP 5980-109-12-9-27 had significant gca effects in desired direction for yield and yield attributing traits whereas the tester, CMS 59A was a good general combiner. SCA effects showed that the hybrid, JMS 13A × RNR 19361 was found to be good specific combiner for grain yield per plant and spikelet fertility. Similarly, the hybrids, CMS 59A × SYE 503-78-34-2, CMS 46A × WGL 347 and JMS 13A × RP 5980-109-12-9-27 were identified as good specific combiner for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Based on heterotic estimates, five hybrids viz., CMS 59A × RNR 25783, CMS 59A × WGL 14, JMS 13A × RNR 25783, CMS 59A × RNR 25776, JMS 13A × RP 5980-109-12-9-27 were identified as promising with more than 5% and 20% yield advantage over hybrid and varietal checks, respectively.
{"title":"Genetic analysis of parental lines and identification of heterotic hybrid combinations in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Y. Mohan, L. Krishna, T. Singh, T. K. Babu, N. Varma, M. .. Ramana","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and standard checks viz., MTU 1001 and 27P63 were evaluated for grain yield and related traits to study combining ability and heterosis in rice. The mean performance of the hybrids for most of the characters was found higher than that of parents. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among lines, testers and hybrids for most of the characters studied. SCA variances were found lower than GCA variances for most of the characters and average degree of dominance was far from unity indicating the predominance of additive gene action for these traits. However, for effective bearing tillers and spikelet fertility the average degree of dominance was very near to unity inferring the predominance of non-additive genetic components for these traits. The gca effects revealed that the lines, RNR 25783 and RP 5980-109-12-9-27 had significant gca effects in desired direction for yield and yield attributing traits whereas the tester, CMS 59A was a good general combiner. SCA effects showed that the hybrid, JMS 13A × RNR 19361 was found to be good specific combiner for grain yield per plant and spikelet fertility. Similarly, the hybrids, CMS 59A × SYE 503-78-34-2, CMS 46A × WGL 347 and JMS 13A × RP 5980-109-12-9-27 were identified as good specific combiner for grain yield and yield contributing characters. Based on heterotic estimates, five hybrids viz., CMS 59A × RNR 25783, CMS 59A × WGL 14, JMS 13A × RNR 25783, CMS 59A × RNR 25776, JMS 13A × RP 5980-109-12-9-27 were identified as promising with more than 5% and 20% yield advantage over hybrid and varietal checks, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.6
L. Nayak, D. Panda, G. K. Dash, M. Lal, P. Swain, M. Baig, Adarsh Kumar
Photorespiration, which is prevalent under higher temperature and arid conditions, significantly affects crop productivity by reducing yields up to 50% in C3 crops like rice under severe stress conditions. This is primarily attributed to a reduction in net photosynthetic rate (PN). Rice flag leaf photosynthesis is the primary supplier of sugar to the maturing spikelets after anthesis. This study evaluated the grain quality traits and starch content of the wild type (WT) and transgenic rice generated by introducing Escherichia coli (E. coli) glycolate catabolic pathway bypassed (GCPB) through agrobacterium mediated transformation. Leaf soluble protein, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate, leaf non-structural carbohydrate content, grain quality traits such as hulling and milling percentages, head rice recovery, water uptake, volume expansion, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, grain breadth, grain starch content and amylose content were affected to a great extent in GCPB transgenic plants (T4). This study indicates the possible role of photorespiratory bypass mechanism in the regulation of source-sink communication, starch biosynthesis and grain quality in rice.
{"title":"Glycolate catabolic bypass pathway integration in rice could be effective in lowering photorespiratory rate with modulating starch content and grain quality","authors":"L. Nayak, D. Panda, G. K. Dash, M. Lal, P. Swain, M. Baig, Adarsh Kumar","doi":"10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Photorespiration, which is prevalent under higher temperature and arid conditions, significantly affects crop productivity by reducing yields up to 50% in C3 crops like rice under severe stress conditions. This is primarily attributed to a reduction in net photosynthetic rate (PN). Rice flag leaf photosynthesis is the primary supplier of sugar to the maturing spikelets after anthesis. This study evaluated the grain quality traits and starch content of the wild type (WT) and transgenic rice generated by introducing Escherichia coli (E. coli) glycolate catabolic pathway bypassed (GCPB) through agrobacterium mediated transformation. Leaf soluble protein, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate, leaf non-structural carbohydrate content, grain quality traits such as hulling and milling percentages, head rice recovery, water uptake, volume expansion, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, grain breadth, grain starch content and amylose content were affected to a great extent in GCPB transgenic plants (T4). This study indicates the possible role of photorespiratory bypass mechanism in the regulation of source-sink communication, starch biosynthesis and grain quality in rice.","PeriodicalId":19618,"journal":{"name":"ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82095499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.2
Sreelakshmi Ch, R. P
The present experiment was conducted to study the gene action, heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability for different yield and quality traits in the cross WGL 48684 x IR 36. Analysis of heterosis revealed that most of the traits show duplicate type of epistasis which is non- fixable and cannot be exploited through the general breeding procedures of self pollinated crops. Additive gene effect and complementary epistasis plays a lead role for plant height, number of ear bearing tillers per plant, kernel breadth and amylase content and they can easily be exploited for developing fixed lines. Significant inbreeding depression was found for ear bearing tillers per plant, SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), harvest index, grain yield, head rice recovery and kernel elongation ratio. Therefore, few cycles of recurrent selection followed by pedigree method would be effective and useful to utilize all types of gene effects by maintaining considerable heterozygosity through mating of selected plants in early segregating generations.
本试验研究了WGL 48684 × IR 36不同产量和品质性状的基因作用、杂种优势、近交抑制和遗传力。杂种优势分析表明，大部分性状表现为重复型上位性，这是不固定的，不能通过自花授粉作物的一般育种程序加以利用。加性基因效应和互补上位效应在株高、单株实穗分蘖数、籽粒宽度和淀粉酶含量等性状上起主导作用，易于开发固定品系。单株穗分蘖数、SPAD叶绿素读数(SCMR)、收获指数、籽粒产量、抽穗率和籽粒伸长率均出现显著的近交系下降。因此，通过选择的植物在早期分离代中进行交配，保持相当大的杂合度，从而利用所有类型的基因效应，采用家系法进行循环选择是有效和有用的。
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