Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351831
S. Kahng, K. Kahng, Da-jeong Eom, Boram Lee, S. Mok, S. Yoo, Jong-guk Kim, Jeongsam Cho, Kyungsuk Kim
A method to reduce the specific absorption rate(SAR) of the antenna for WiMAX mobile communication is proposed in this paper. The SAR reduction is achieved by miniaturizing the physical size of the antenna for the given resonance frequency by devising a metamaterial-inspired radiator much smaller than the quarter-guided wavelength appearing in the conventional planar inverted F antenna(PIFA) or modified monopole antenna. The proposed antenna is placed near the head-phantom and its SAR is evaluated by the full-wave simulations(SEMCAD X), where the metamaterial-inspired antenna is shown to have the lower value than a modified monopole as the reference in terms of the SAR.
{"title":"A metamaterial-inspired handset antenna with the SAR reduction","authors":"S. Kahng, K. Kahng, Da-jeong Eom, Boram Lee, S. Mok, S. Yoo, Jong-guk Kim, Jeongsam Cho, Kyungsuk Kim","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351831","url":null,"abstract":"A method to reduce the specific absorption rate(SAR) of the antenna for WiMAX mobile communication is proposed in this paper. The SAR reduction is achieved by miniaturizing the physical size of the antenna for the given resonance frequency by devising a metamaterial-inspired radiator much smaller than the quarter-guided wavelength appearing in the conventional planar inverted F antenna(PIFA) or modified monopole antenna. The proposed antenna is placed near the head-phantom and its SAR is evaluated by the full-wave simulations(SEMCAD X), where the metamaterial-inspired antenna is shown to have the lower value than a modified monopole as the reference in terms of the SAR.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351682
K. Sejima, Y. Toyota, K. Iokibe, L. Koga, T. Watanabe
We have developed a modal-equivalent-circuit model with mode-conversion sources for clarifying the mode-conversion mechanism and considering countermeasures against common-mode noise by means of circuit analysis based on the proposed model. The modal equivalent circuit is divided into separate normal-mode and common-mode circuits obtained by applying the mode-decomposition technique to an actual circuit. The separate circuits are connected with the mode-conversion sources at the interface where two transmission lines with different current division factors (h) are connected. This model suggests that the mode conversion that occurs is likely related to the common-mode current and the normal-mode voltage at the interface and the difference in the current division factors (Δh). This paper validates the model experimentally. First, it is validated by changing the grounding conditions of a simple cable interconnection system. Next, the mode-conversion mechanism suggested by the mode-conversion sources is experimentally examined by matching on common mode and replacing a two-wire cable with a coaxial cable so that Δh becomes almost 0. Circuit simulation results obtained using the modal equivalent circuit with the mode-conversion sources agree well with measured results and this also demonstrates the model's validity.
{"title":"Experimental model validation of mode-conversion sources introduced to modal equivalent circuit","authors":"K. Sejima, Y. Toyota, K. Iokibe, L. Koga, T. Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351682","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a modal-equivalent-circuit model with mode-conversion sources for clarifying the mode-conversion mechanism and considering countermeasures against common-mode noise by means of circuit analysis based on the proposed model. The modal equivalent circuit is divided into separate normal-mode and common-mode circuits obtained by applying the mode-decomposition technique to an actual circuit. The separate circuits are connected with the mode-conversion sources at the interface where two transmission lines with different current division factors (h) are connected. This model suggests that the mode conversion that occurs is likely related to the common-mode current and the normal-mode voltage at the interface and the difference in the current division factors (Δh). This paper validates the model experimentally. First, it is validated by changing the grounding conditions of a simple cable interconnection system. Next, the mode-conversion mechanism suggested by the mode-conversion sources is experimentally examined by matching on common mode and replacing a two-wire cable with a coaxial cable so that Δh becomes almost 0. Circuit simulation results obtained using the modal equivalent circuit with the mode-conversion sources agree well with measured results and this also demonstrates the model's validity.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132506091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351778
V. Rajamani, G. Freyer, C. Bunting
In this work we address some considerations for using frequency sweeping for immunity tests in reverberation chambers and compare these with tuner sweeping. Previous investigations have discussed the impacts of frequency scanning rate on immunity testing and several authors have identified that susceptibility bandwidth of the equipment under test is a significant factor for immunity testing but have not quantified its effects. We show the interaction of the reverberation chamber quality factor bandwidth and the susceptibility bandwidth of the equipment under test is critical while planning a frequency stirring immunity test and identify some issues for frequency stirring for immunity tests.
{"title":"Considerations for performing reverberation chamber immunity testing with frequency stirring","authors":"V. Rajamani, G. Freyer, C. Bunting","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351778","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we address some considerations for using frequency sweeping for immunity tests in reverberation chambers and compare these with tuner sweeping. Previous investigations have discussed the impacts of frequency scanning rate on immunity testing and several authors have identified that susceptibility bandwidth of the equipment under test is a significant factor for immunity testing but have not quantified its effects. We show the interaction of the reverberation chamber quality factor bandwidth and the susceptibility bandwidth of the equipment under test is critical while planning a frequency stirring immunity test and identify some issues for frequency stirring for immunity tests.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"51 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131790950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351651
Zhang Gang, A. Duffy, H. Sasse, W. Lixin
This paper presents research undertaken using a continuous probability density function as a supplement to the confidence histograms in Feature Selective Validation. Such an approach shares the benefits of `categorisation' from a humanuser perspective but, because of the continuous nature of the distribution, it also allows further inter-comparison analysis to be undertaken such as using non-parametric tests on the distributions. This approach improves the analysis of FSV data when multiple comparisons are required to be performed.
{"title":"The use of probability density functions to improve the interpretation of FSV results","authors":"Zhang Gang, A. Duffy, H. Sasse, W. Lixin","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351651","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents research undertaken using a continuous probability density function as a supplement to the confidence histograms in Feature Selective Validation. Such an approach shares the benefits of `categorisation' from a humanuser perspective but, because of the continuous nature of the distribution, it also allows further inter-comparison analysis to be undertaken such as using non-parametric tests on the distributions. This approach improves the analysis of FSV data when multiple comparisons are required to be performed.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132998371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351810
K. Rozanov, M. Koledintseva
Electromagnetic materials applied to solve various EMC and EMI problems require adequate analytical description of their RF and microwave material parameters. This is necessary for numerical optimization of wideband electromagnetic performance of devices incorporating these materials. The paper discusses the shape of frequency dependences of microwave permeability in homogeneous materials and composites. The Lorentzian frequency dispersion law is shown to allow for rather accurate description of all types of magnetic loss peaks, including those related to the ferromagnetic resonance and the effect of eddy currents. To model wideband electromagnetic performance of composites, mixing laws are typically used. The problem is which mixing law is to be chosen to adequately describe a particular composite. The paper gives recommendations on how to make the choice of a proper mixing rule.
{"title":"Analytical representations for frequency dependences of microwave permeability","authors":"K. Rozanov, M. Koledintseva","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351810","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic materials applied to solve various EMC and EMI problems require adequate analytical description of their RF and microwave material parameters. This is necessary for numerical optimization of wideband electromagnetic performance of devices incorporating these materials. The paper discusses the shape of frequency dependences of microwave permeability in homogeneous materials and composites. The Lorentzian frequency dispersion law is shown to allow for rather accurate description of all types of magnetic loss peaks, including those related to the ferromagnetic resonance and the effect of eddy currents. To model wideband electromagnetic performance of composites, mixing laws are typically used. The problem is which mixing law is to be chosen to adequately describe a particular composite. The paper gives recommendations on how to make the choice of a proper mixing rule.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351753
K. Harima
A technique of estimating the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) in a random electric field using a reverberation chamber is presented. The method we propose is based on measuring the S-parameters in the chamber unloaded and loaded with humans. Using this technique, exposure levels to humans can be low, yet the S-parameters can be used to calculate SAR for higher exposures. The SAR in a human volunteer was measured from 1 to 4 GHz. We found that SAR under conditions of random wave exposure was approximately 50% lower than that under the worst-case conditions.
{"title":"Estimation of power absorbed by human body using reverberation chamber","authors":"K. Harima","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351753","url":null,"abstract":"A technique of estimating the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) in a random electric field using a reverberation chamber is presented. The method we propose is based on measuring the S-parameters in the chamber unloaded and loaded with humans. Using this technique, exposure levels to humans can be low, yet the S-parameters can be used to calculate SAR for higher exposures. The SAR in a human volunteer was measured from 1 to 4 GHz. We found that SAR under conditions of random wave exposure was approximately 50% lower than that under the worst-case conditions.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122909982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6350916
Jin Bai, D. Zhang
This paper briefly introduces how and where SmartMeters are commonly installed, the FCC regulations on SmartMeters. The calculation of MPE is presented. The co-located SmartMeters installation and respective public concern are discussed.
{"title":"Study on the radiation from Smartmeters","authors":"Jin Bai, D. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6350916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6350916","url":null,"abstract":"This paper briefly introduces how and where SmartMeters are commonly installed, the FCC regulations on SmartMeters. The calculation of MPE is presented. The co-located SmartMeters installation and respective public concern are discussed.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"14 6 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123696838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351781
J. Coder, J. Ladbury, M. Gołkowski
This paper addresses a few specific aspects of measuring the lower bound of antenna efficiency in a reverberation chamber. While the initial method for measuring the lower bound of efficiency has been presented, three key revisions are discussed here: (1) an updated notation, (2) a revised method for calculating the lower bound of efficiency, and (3) a new method for combining stirring techniques. The updated antenna model notation is designed to be more general and applicable to situations with n antennas. The revised efficiency calculation targets an issue of the original method where the minimum bounding circle exceeded the unit circle. Introducing a new method of combining stirring techniques addresses a weakness of the original model. For the model to work well, it needs a very large number of paddle positions that generate a good statistical approximation of the environment (in this case, a reverberation chamber). As a possible remedy to this weakness, we propose a different way of combining stirring techniques.
{"title":"On lower bound antenna efficiency measurements in a reverberation chamber","authors":"J. Coder, J. Ladbury, M. Gołkowski","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351781","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses a few specific aspects of measuring the lower bound of antenna efficiency in a reverberation chamber. While the initial method for measuring the lower bound of efficiency has been presented, three key revisions are discussed here: (1) an updated notation, (2) a revised method for calculating the lower bound of efficiency, and (3) a new method for combining stirring techniques. The updated antenna model notation is designed to be more general and applicable to situations with n antennas. The revised efficiency calculation targets an issue of the original method where the minimum bounding circle exceeded the unit circle. Introducing a new method of combining stirring techniques addresses a weakness of the original model. For the model to work well, it needs a very large number of paddle positions that generate a good statistical approximation of the environment (in this case, a reverberation chamber). As a possible remedy to this weakness, we propose a different way of combining stirring techniques.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122184652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351827
Liang Lin, Liang Zhou, W. Yin, Lin-Juan Huang
In this paper, electrothermal breakdown of a Ku-band GaAs MESFET-based low noise amplifier (LNA) is investigated in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse. The injected EMP is generated by one special high power microwave system, and its waveform can be adjusted effectively. The input-output responses of a set of LNAs are measured and compared for different injected EMP widths. It is observed that the first-stage GaAs MESFET in the LNA can be easily broken down, which is mainly caused by the rapid temperature rise in its channel region. This research can provide some useful knowledge for protecting some semiconductor active devices from the attack of an injected EMP.
{"title":"Electrothermal breakdown of an intentional electromagnetic pulse injected into Ku-band gaas Mesfet-based low noise amplifier(LNA)","authors":"Liang Lin, Liang Zhou, W. Yin, Lin-Juan Huang","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351827","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, electrothermal breakdown of a Ku-band GaAs MESFET-based low noise amplifier (LNA) is investigated in the presence of an intentional electromagnetic pulse. The injected EMP is generated by one special high power microwave system, and its waveform can be adjusted effectively. The input-output responses of a set of LNAs are measured and compared for different injected EMP widths. It is observed that the first-stage GaAs MESFET in the LNA can be easily broken down, which is mainly caused by the rapid temperature rise in its channel region. This research can provide some useful knowledge for protecting some semiconductor active devices from the attack of an injected EMP.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122115331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351751
J. Mclean, R. Sutton
A probe for the excitation and sensing of the differential mode on balanced transmission lines is described and characterized numerically and experimentally. The probe is designed to be insensitive to the location of the transmission line within the probe's window such that its use is similar to that of a BCI probe for common-mode injection and sensing. It is thought that such a device will be useful for measurements involving differential data busses such as the CAN bus. A numerical model is developed using the full dispersion characteristics of the ferrite core. The model is verified with measurements and good agreement is obtained between numerical simulations and experimentally measured data. As with conventional BCI probes, the ability of the ferrite core to facilitate the inductive coupling is retained even in the dispersive frequency region of ferrite. The probe geometry is such that a number of such devices can be arrayed to provide a region of uniform magnetic field illumination of a transmission line.
{"title":"Excitation of balanced modes in transmission lines using a clamping transformer","authors":"J. Mclean, R. Sutton","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2012.6351751","url":null,"abstract":"A probe for the excitation and sensing of the differential mode on balanced transmission lines is described and characterized numerically and experimentally. The probe is designed to be insensitive to the location of the transmission line within the probe's window such that its use is similar to that of a BCI probe for common-mode injection and sensing. It is thought that such a device will be useful for measurements involving differential data busses such as the CAN bus. A numerical model is developed using the full dispersion characteristics of the ferrite core. The model is verified with measurements and good agreement is obtained between numerical simulations and experimentally measured data. As with conventional BCI probes, the ability of the ferrite core to facilitate the inductive coupling is retained even in the dispersive frequency region of ferrite. The probe geometry is such that a number of such devices can be arrayed to provide a region of uniform magnetic field illumination of a transmission line.","PeriodicalId":197346,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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