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LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA 斯普斯卡共和国语言教育政策与外语教学
Sanja R. Milićević
This paper analyses foreign language teaching in the education system of the Republic of Srpska relative to the percent distribution of frequency of individual languages. With primary education being the first and obligatory level of education at which foreign languages are taught, the paper examines the connection between language education policy at the primary education level, social processes and the international position of foreign languages studied in the Republic of Srpska. Available data are compared with the rankings of world languages in terms of their global influence. Similarities and differences between learning outcomes for individual foreign languages after completing primary education are also analysed. The paper points to the basic problems of the language education policy in the Republic of Srpska in relation to foreign language teaching, and recommends systematic collection and analysis of relevant data as the first step in dealing with the issues discussed.
本文分析了塞族共和国教育系统中外语教学相对于个别语言频率的百分比分布。由于初等教育是教授外语的第一和义务教育阶段,本文审查了初等教育阶段的语言教育政策、社会进程和在斯普斯卡共和国学习的外语的国际地位之间的联系。将现有数据与世界语言的全球影响力排名进行比较。此外,还分析了完成初等教育后个体外语学习成果的异同。本文指出了斯普斯卡共和国在外语教学方面的语言教育政策的基本问题,并建议系统地收集和分析相关数据,作为处理所讨论问题的第一步。
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引用次数: 0
“FUI SOLDATO. QUESTA PAROLA ESPRIME TUTTO”. ANTIMILITARISMO E NEVROSI IN UNA NOBILE FOLLIA DI IGINIO UGO TARCHETTI “我兵。这个词代表一切。伊尼乌戈·塔凯蒂(iginius UGO TARCHETTI)高尚的疯狂中,反军国主义和神经症
Simone Pettine
Obiettivo del presente saggio è l’analisi del romanzo Una nobile follia di Iginio Ugo Tarchetti, pubblicato per la prima volta in appendice alla rivista «Il Sole» tra il 1866 e il 1867. La critica si è già occupata in alcune occasioni dell’opera in questione, proponendone sempre una lettura antimilitaristica. Lo stesso Tarchetti, del resto, ideò il volume mosso da un’aperta e violenta polemica nei confronti dell’istituzione militare nel suo complesso (dalla leva obbligatoria agli eserciti permanenti, passando per la vita di caserma); tanto che Roberto Carnero, in anni recenti, ha considerato Una nobile follia un libro volto a demistificare ogni guerra e forma di violenza, al di là delle specifiche motivazioni storiche. La prospettiva adottata in questa sede è però inedita: senza prescindere dalle motivazioni ideologiche di Tarchetti, si tenterà di individuarne la riconferma e resa letteraria nella patologia del protagonista, Vincenzo D. La nevrosi di quest’ultimo viene infatti descritta come perfetta risultante della vita del soldato: Tarchetti descrive abilmente i vari stadi della malattia mentale, dovuta a condizioni storico-sociali sia esterne che interne; il tema della follia troverà poi spazio ancora più ampio, di lì a qualche anno, nel romanzo più famoso dell’autore, Fosca. Gli strumenti adottati nell’analisi sono quelli propri della critica testuale e del close reading.
这篇文章的目的是分析伊尼乌乌戈·塔尔凯蒂(iginius Ugo Tarchetti)在1866年至1867年间首次作为《太阳》(the sun)杂志的附录发表的小说《高尚的疯狂》(an崇高的疯狂)。在某些情况下,批评已经涉及到这项工作,总是提出一种反军事的阅读方式。此外,塔尔凯蒂本人就整个军事机构(从义务兵役到常住兵营)进行了公开和激烈的辩论,从而产生了这样一本书;因此,罗伯托·卡内罗(Roberto Carnero)近年来认为,这本书是一种高尚的疯狂行为,旨在揭开所有战争和暴力的神秘面纱,而不管其具体的历史原因。在这里通过但未发表观点:没有Tarchetti,不论意识形态动机正试图确定并确认文学,文森佐·D .主角病理中所产生的,后者被描述为完美神经症:Tarchetti巧妙地描述了士兵的生活精神疾病的不同阶段,由于外部和内部的storico-sociali条件;几年以后,疯狂的主题将在作者最著名的小说《福斯卡》中占据更大的空间。分析中使用的工具是文本批评和接近阅读的工具。
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引用次数: 0
LINGUISTICS AND DIGITAL MEDIA DISCOURSE STUDIES – THEORY AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE 语言学和数字媒体话语研究-理论和实践经验
Страхиња Р. Степанов
LINGUISTICS AND DIGITAL MEDIA DISCOURSE STUDIES – THEORY AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
语言学和数字媒体话语研究-理论和实践经验
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引用次数: 0
ON THE LITERARY OEUVRE OF PREDRAG STEPANOVIĆ 论predrag的文学作品stepanoviĆ
Бојана Б. Вучен
ON THE LITERARY OEUVRE OF PREDRAG STEPANOVIĆ
论predrag的文学作品stepanoviĆ
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引用次数: 0
DENIS DE ROUGEMONT AND THE WESTERN CONCEPTION OF LOVE 丹尼斯·德·鲁热蒙与西方的爱情观
Željko Šarić
This paper analyses the key areas reached by the Swiss author Denis de Rougemont in his famous work Love in the Western World. We critically read de Rougemont's thought that love-passion, as the basic guiding thread of the myth of Tristan and Isolde, still sovereignly rules the unconscious being of modern man, giving him a one-sided vision of the play about love. Following his argumentation, we examine the connections between courtly and chivalrous love, Cathar heresy and troubadour love poetry. Denis de Rougemont contrasts eros, which ignites passion that descends into the darkness of death, with agape, i.e. the Christian love for one's neighbour. We question whether de Rougemont's solution to the problem of love by establishing merciful love as a necessary moral choice can be a satisfactory answer for modern man.
本文分析了瑞士作家丹尼斯·德·吕格蒙在其名著《西方世界的爱情》中所触及的关键领域。我们批判性地阅读了鲁日蒙的思想,即爱-激情作为特里斯坦和伊索尔德神话的基本指导线索,仍然至高无上地统治着现代人的无意识存在,使他对爱情的戏剧产生了片面的看法。根据他的论证,我们考察了宫廷爱情和骑士爱情、卡特里异端和游吟诗人爱情诗歌之间的联系。Denis de Rougemont对比了eros,它点燃了进入死亡黑暗的激情,与agape,即基督徒对邻居的爱。我们质疑德·鲁日蒙通过将仁慈的爱确立为一种必要的道德选择来解决爱的问题,是否能成为现代人满意的答案。
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引用次数: 0
AN ECOCRITICAL READING OF THOMAS HARDY’S JUDE THE OBSCURE 托马斯·哈代《无名的裘德》的生态批判解读
Nataša V. Ninčetović
Jude the Obscure (1895) is traditionally interpreted as Thomas Hardy’s bleakest and most pessimistic novel. From the perspective of ecocriticism, it may be viewed as the author’s endeavour to challenge the dominant anthropocentric attitude of the nineteenth century. Relying on Darwin’s theory of the common origin of species, Hardy believed that people should recognise their connectedness and dependence on the whole living world. The novel implies that man should abandon his self-centeredness and embrace other perspectives. This, however, does not mean that Hardy does not see people as valuable and important. In a world where religion loses its power we should rely on other people. The implication of Jude the Obscure is that the way we treat each other is linked to the way we treat nature. Hardy’s pessimism is the consequence of his realisation that ideas of Darwin were manipulated and (mal)adjusted to society. The character of Jude Fawley is doomed to tragedy due to his hypersensitivity, which is incorrectly perceived as a flaw in the society which promotes autonomy and separateness instead of connectedness and mutual dependence.
《无名的裘德》(1895)通常被认为是托马斯·哈代最凄凉、最悲观的小说。从生态批评的角度来看,这可以看作是作者对19世纪占主导地位的人类中心主义态度的挑战。哈代以达尔文的物种共同起源理论为基础,认为人们应该认识到自己与整个生命世界的联系和依赖。这部小说暗示人应该放弃自我中心,接受其他观点。然而,这并不意味着哈代不认为人是有价值和重要的。在一个宗教失去力量的世界里,我们应该依靠别人。《无名的裘德》的寓意是,我们对待彼此的方式与我们对待自然的方式息息相关。哈代的悲观主义是他意识到达尔文的思想被操纵并(错误地)适应了社会的结果。裘德·福利这个角色由于他的过度敏感而注定了悲剧的发生,这被错误地认为是这个提倡自治和分离而不是相互联系和相互依赖的社会的缺陷。
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引用次数: 0
BROTHER OR CHAVAL: WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE SPEECH OF THE YOUNG? 哥哥还是查瓦尔:我们对年轻人的语言了解多少?
Даница Д. Трифуњагић
BROTHER OR CHAVAL: WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE SPEECH OF THE YOUNG?
哥哥还是查瓦尔:我们对年轻人的语言了解多少?
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引用次数: 0
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORM AND MEANING OF LANGUAGE EXPRESSIONS IN TERMS OF CONTEMPORARY LINGUISTIC APPROACHES 从当代语言学的角度看语言表达形式与意义的关系
Горан Б. Милашин
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORM AND MEANING OF LANGUAGE EXPRESSIONS IN TERMS OF CONTEMPORARY LINGUISTIC APPROACHES
从当代语言学的角度看语言表达形式与意义的关系
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引用次数: 0
KEEP A COOL HEAD ABOUT THIS HOT ISSUE – THE ANALYSIS OF METAPHORICAL SENSES IN THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF ADJECTIVES FROM THE DOMAIN OF TEMPERATURE IN ENGLISH AND SERBIAN 从温度的角度分析英语和塞尔维亚语形容词语义结构中的隐喻意义,这是一个热点问题,请保持冷静的头脑
Ana Halas Popović
This paper analyses the derivation of metaphoric senses of English and Serbian adjectives primarily denoting a certain degree of temperature as a physical property of objects. The aim of the analysis is to identify conceptual metaphors that have driven the derivation of these senses and compare English and Serbian in terms of conceptualisations of abstract notions using temperature as the source domain. Furthermore, the analysis aims at revealing whether the conceptualisation of an abstract notion using a certain degree of warmth as the source domain activates the conceptualisation of the opposite abstract notion starting from a degree of coldness and vice versa, i.e. to investigate whether there are pairs of opposite metaphors activated in semantic dispersion of the given adjectives. The analysis has shown that there is a significant similarity between English and Serbian regarding the conceptualisation of abstract notions using temperature as the source domain. Still, English displays a greater variety of abstract notions conceptualised in the given way. There are rare cases in which derivations of metaphoric senses of adjectives belonging to the opposite sections of the temperature scale are mutually related in the sense that they are driven by opposite metaphoric patterns.
本文分析了英语和塞尔维亚语形容词的隐喻意义的来源,这些形容词主要表示物体的物理性质的一定程度的温度。分析的目的是识别驱动这些感官衍生的概念隐喻,并比较英语和塞尔维亚语在抽象概念概念化方面使用温度作为源域。此外,该分析旨在揭示以一定程度的温暖为源域的抽象概念的概念化是否激活了以一定程度的冷为源域的相反抽象概念的概念化,反之亦然,即研究在给定形容词的语义分散中是否存在对相反的隐喻被激活。分析表明,英语和塞尔维亚语在使用温度作为源域的抽象概念概念化方面存在显著的相似性。尽管如此,英语还是展示了更多以既定方式概念化的抽象概念。在少数情况下,属于温度刻度的相反部分的形容词的隐喻意义的派生是相互关联的,因为它们是由相反的隐喻模式驱动的。
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引用次数: 0
MUSICAL EKPHRASIS IN THE SERBIAN NOVEL OF THE LATE 20TH – EARLY 21ST CENTURY (THE EXPERIENCE OF A. GATALICA, M. PAVIĆ, G. PETROVIĆ AND G. ĆIRJANIĆ)
N. Bilyk
The multifaceted interrelationships of the various media are now considered to be a particular productive area of comparative strategy. The generalised typology among the types of intermedia at the present stage is considered to be the most fruitful and effective, in particular, ekphrasis and intermedia – a particular manifestation of intermedia, the phenomenon of specific expressive mediation of one media in the figurative field of another. Intermediate format, developed by the interaction of different sign systems and the content encoded by them, mainly – literature and other arts with emphasis on the sign and semantic correspondence of comparisons, has significant artistic effectiveness. A way to realise the ekphrasis of the reception as a description of the case is any kind of art in the literary text. At the same time, the preferred determinant of ekphrasis as a description of a work of art in a literary text is suggested to be its relation to a specific work of authorship, although it also assumes the spread of the ekphrasis to similar or non-existent but genre conventional art variants with a pre-eminent inheritance of the corresponding art. In determining the universal common principles of organising such sovereignty of sign systems, positioned in the status of local variants of different discursive practices in the process of their syncretic interaction in the literary dimension, effective for illuminating the raised issue are primarily the tendencies of the extracurricular direction of literary criticism, initiated by Lotman's semiotic concept, initiated by the first concept, the imposition and intersection of semantic spaces capable of generating new meaning. The empirical plan of ekphrasis is vividly and convincingly actualised in the novels of famous Serbian writers A. Gatalica, M. Pavić, G. Petrović, G. Ćirjanić. Innovative creative experience of artists testifies to a special sophistication, content, accuracy of design and diversity and comprehensibility of meaningful potential, which brings the manifestations of the poetics of syncretism of arts to the organisational components of the poetics of novels in general.
各种媒介之间多方面的相互关系现在被认为是比较战略的一个特别富有成效的领域。在现阶段的媒介类型中,广义类型学被认为是最富有成果和最有效的,尤其是ekphrasis和intermedia——媒介的一种特殊表现,一种媒介在另一种媒介的具象领域中特定表达中介的现象。中间格式是由不同的符号系统及其编码的内容相互作用而发展起来的,主要是强调比较的符号和语义对应的文学和其他艺术,具有重要的艺术效果。一种将接受的措辞作为一种对情况的描述来实现的方法是文学文本中的任何一种艺术。与此同时,作为文学文本中对艺术作品的描述,ekphr短语的首选决定因素被认为是它与特定作者作品的关系,尽管它也假设ekphr短语传播到类似或不存在但流派传统艺术变体,并具有相应艺术的卓越继承。在确定组织这种符号系统主权的普遍共同原则时,在它们在文学维度的融合互动过程中,处于不同话语实践的局部变体的地位,有效地阐明了所提出的问题,主要是文学批评的课外方向的倾向,由洛特曼的符号学概念发起,由第一个概念发起,语义空间的叠加和交集,能够产生新的意义。在塞尔维亚著名作家A. Gatalica, M. pavovic, G. petrovic, G. Ćirjanić的小说中,ekphrasis的经验计划得到了生动而令人信服的实现。艺术家的创新创作经验证明了其独特的复杂性、内容性、精确性和意义潜能的多样性和可理解性,从而将艺术的融合性诗学表现为小说诗学的一般组织成分。
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Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу
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