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LEXICAL PECULIARITY OF SERBIAN DIALECTS OF SOUTHEASTERN HERZEGOVINA 黑塞哥维那东南部塞尔维亚语方言的词汇特点
E. Yakushkina
This article is a part of a large study of the linguistic and geographical features of Serbian vocabulary, carried out by the author of this article on the basis of dialect questionnaire materials specially collected for this purpose in 2019-2021. In order to identify the arealogical characteristics of Serbian vocabulary and identify isoglosses passing through the territory of Serbian dialects, in conversations with dialect speakers from various regions of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, and in some cases personally by dialect speakers, questionnaires were filled out based on lexical questions of the Serbo-Croatian Dialect Atlas. The article describes the lexical features of the dialects of two settlements located in southeastern Herzegovina – Ljubinje and Djedići (In addition to the Herzegovina villages described in the work, material from another 20 Serbian settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, as well as several Croatian ones, is involved in the analysis.). The article highlights the following characteristics of Southeast Herzegoviаn vocabulary: 1) the preservation of Proto-Slavic archaisms, characteristic of the peripheral areas of the Central Slavic area; 2) the use of words characteristic of the west of the Central Slavic area and uncharacteristic of its eastern part; 3) the use of words characteristic of the regions near the Adriatic coast; 4) the widespread use of lexical doublets, namely the use of words with different areal characteristics in the dialect. Based on the comparison of questionnaires from Ljubinje and Djedići with questionnaires from other researched points, we can distinguish several types of areas, which include south-eastern Herzegovina. 1) the south-western area; 2) the east Herzegovian area: unity with the dialect of the village of Mosorovići; 3) the western area; 4) the peripheral (in the broad sense of the word, including the dialects west of Drina and the dialects of (south) eastern Serbia); 5) Bosnian-Slavonian 6) eastern (uniting the dialects of eastern Herzegovina, Bosnia and Serbia). Typical, however, is the case of overlapping, or interference, of the western and eastern or central and peripheral areas.
本文是作者在2019-2021年为此专门收集的方言问卷资料基础上,对塞尔维亚语词汇的语言和地理特征进行的大型研究的一部分。为了确定塞尔维亚语词汇的地域特征和识别经过塞尔维亚方言领土的等音标,在与来自塞尔维亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和黑山各地区的方言使用者的谈话中,在某些情况下,方言使用者亲自填写了基于塞尔维亚-克罗地亚方言地图集词汇问题的问卷。这篇文章描述了位于黑塞哥维那东南部的两个定居点——Ljubinje和Djedići的方言词汇特征(除了文中描述的黑塞哥维那村庄外,还分析了来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那和塞尔维亚的另外20个塞尔维亚定居点以及几个克罗地亚定居点的材料)。本文强调了东南黑塞哥维那语汇的以下特点:1)原始斯拉夫语的保存,具有中斯拉夫地区外围地区的特点;(2)使用中斯拉夫地区西部特有的词汇,而东部没有特色;3)使用亚得里亚海沿岸地区特有的词汇;4)词汇双关语的广泛使用,即方言中具有不同地域特征的词语的使用。通过对Ljubinje和Djedići的调查问卷与其他研究点的调查问卷的比较,我们可以区分出几种类型的地区,包括:1)西南地区;2)东黑塞哥维那地区:与Mosorovići村的方言统一;3)西部地区;4)周边地区(广义上,包括德里纳以西的方言和塞尔维亚(南)东部的方言);东波斯尼亚-斯拉夫语(结合了东黑塞哥维那、波斯尼亚和塞尔维亚的方言)。然而,典型的情况是西部和东部或中部和外围地区的重叠或干扰。
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引用次数: 0
THE ART OF NOISE AND THE ART OF SILENCE – DON DELILLO’S DEAFENING SOUNDSCAPES 噪音的艺术和沉默的艺术——唐·德里罗震耳欲聋的音景
Mirna Radin Sabadoš
In his Millennial novels (those published after 2000), DeLillo explores different aspects of the human perception of identity and the world we live in. His latest novel, Silence, challenges the conventions which are understood to represent the basis of our understanding of reality – the data, its collection and recording and how it is used to configure the dimension of time. The novel opens as a routine mix of chatter, or noise, and silence as its negative counterpart representing the time passing. However, as the novel unfolds, this seemingly objective view from the outside, delves into personal experiences of the protagonists creating certain soundscapes alternating between the noise and silence, depending more and more on sensory perception rather than on rational processing. With its skeletal structure and utmost reduction of narrative elements, the novel Silence approaches the idea of silence in a similar manner to composer John Cage in his work 4.33 (1952), who researched the idea in the medium of music, an art which like literature relies on rigorous formal features. Silence, for Don DeLillo as well as for Cage is not equal to the lack of content; in contrast, it represents the alternative aspect of sound and/or noise. The silence, as much as the sound, before all, marks our perception of the lapse of time.
在他的千禧年小说(2000年以后出版的小说)中,德里罗探讨了人类对身份和我们所生活的世界的不同看法。他的最新小说《沉默》挑战了那些被认为是我们理解现实的基础的传统——数据、数据的收集和记录,以及数据如何被用来配置时间维度。小说开篇是一种日常的杂音或噪音的混合,而沉默则是代表时间流逝的消极对应物。然而,随着小说的展开,这种看似客观的外部视角深入到主人公的个人经历中,创造出某种噪音与沉默交替的音景,越来越依赖于感官知觉,而不是理性处理。小说《沉默》以其骨架结构和最大限度地减少叙事元素,以与作曲家约翰·凯奇在他的作品《4.33》(1952)中相似的方式接近沉默的概念。约翰·凯奇在他的作品《4.33》中研究了音乐媒介的概念,音乐是一门像文学一样依赖严格形式特征的艺术。沉默,对于唐·德里罗以及凯奇来说,并不等于缺乏内容;相反,它代表了声音和/或噪音的另一个方面。首先,寂静和声音一样,标志着我们对时间流逝的感知。
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引用次数: 0
NEW TRENDS IN ITALIAN LITERATURE: FROM ECOCRITICISM TO MIGRANT LITERATURE 意大利文学的新趋势:从生态批评到移民文学
Nikica Mihaljević
In the present article the aim is to demonstrate that one of the ways to teach literature today, in the new millennium, when literary studies do not encourage interest among the new generations, could be through its relationship with other sciences, for example, with ecology. Since the 1970's, when ecocriticism was created, in a literary text the idea is to try to analyse the relationship between the individual and nature. Starting from the fact that in nature there are balanced relations, the ecocriticism is trying to overcome the hierarchical order imposed in the society by the secular centralism. The result of this order are the members that are marginalised and oppressed, the victims of the imposition of the concept of the vertical society which implies the dominance of some members over others. In the analysis the aim is to show that there are some contemporary literary texts that witness the attempt of exclusion of some characters, such as, for example, in the migrant literature in Italy, where the characters-immigrants are frequently discriminated. According to ecocriticism, in order to achieve a sustainable society, it is necessary to overcome these dicriminatory mechanism. Therefore, with this paper we try to find some literary examples in which, by the means of the autobiographical testimony, this attempt of dominance is rejected by the characters and they eventually find the way to integrate into the new society as well as to overcome exclusion and discrimination. In the analysis we examine some of these examples that we find in the literary work of the two contemporary authoresses in Italy: Igiaba Scego, and Laila Wadia.
在这篇文章中,我的目的是证明,在新千年的今天,当文学研究不能激发新一代的兴趣时,教授文学的方法之一可能是通过文学与其他科学的关系,例如与生态学的关系。自20世纪70年代生态批评诞生以来,在文学文本中,其理念是试图分析个人与自然之间的关系。生态批评从自然界存在着平衡关系这一事实出发,试图克服世俗中心主义强加给社会的等级秩序。这种秩序的结果是边缘化和被压迫的成员,他们是强加纵向社会概念的受害者,这种概念意味着某些成员对其他成员的统治。在分析中,目的是表明有一些当代文学文本见证了排除某些角色的尝试,例如,在意大利的移民文学中,角色移民经常受到歧视。生态批评认为,要实现可持续发展的社会,必须克服这些歧视机制。因此,在本文中,我们试图找到一些文学例子,在这些文学例子中,通过自传式的见证,这种统治的企图被人物拒绝,他们最终找到了融入新社会的方法,克服了排斥和歧视。在分析中,我们研究了一些我们在意大利两位当代女作家的文学作品中发现的例子:伊贾巴·塞戈和莱拉·瓦迪亚。
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引用次数: 0
VERBS OF DRINKING IN ENGLISH AND IN SERBIAN AS SOURCES OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS AND METONYMIES 英语和塞尔维亚语中饮酒动词作为概念隐喻和转喻的来源
J. Biljetina
The aim of this paper is to analyse verbs of drinking in English and in Serbian that are used to express various drinking processes, but that can also be used to express various other processes not related to drinking. In other words, the paper analyses the transferred meaning(s) that the analysed verbs express in both languages in order to identify the other processes expressed by the verbs of drinking. The corpus for the analysis was excerpted from the relevant monolingual dictionaries of English and Serbian and consists of ten verbs of drinking: five English verbs, to drink, to guzzle, to imbibe, to quench, to suck and five Serbian verbs, piti, ispiti, lokati, napiti se, opiti se. The dictionary definitions of the ten verbs were analysed in order to identify the transferred meanings of the verbs. The definitions were then subjected to conceptual analysis with the goal of identifying the conceptual mechanisms (conceptual metaphor or conceptual metonymy) that underly the transferred meanings. The identified meanings were also subjected to contrastive analysis that aimed at identifying the similarities and differences in transferred meanings among the analysed verbs and at identifying their formal correspondents or translation equivalents. The analysis shows that in both languages drinking verbs develop their transferred meanings primarily regarding the concepts of accepting or absorbing an entity and that in most cases such meanings and conceptual mechanisms underlying them show a high degree of equivalence, as the most frequent conceptual mechanism in both languages is conceptual metaphor. However, the differences are mostly observed at the semantic level.
本文的目的是分析英语和塞尔维亚语中用来表达各种饮酒过程的饮酒动词,但也可以用来表达与饮酒无关的各种其他过程。换句话说,本文分析了所分析的动词在两种语言中所表达的传递意义,以识别饮酒动词所表达的其他过程。分析语料库摘自相关的英语和塞尔维亚语单语词典,包括10个饮酒动词:5个英语动词,to drink, to guzzle, to imbibe, to quench, to suck和5个塞尔维亚语动词piti, ispiti, lokati, napiti se, opiti se。分析了这十个动词的词典定义,以确定动词的语义转移。然后对这些定义进行概念分析,目的是确定在转移意义之下的概念机制(概念隐喻或概念转喻)。对已识别的意义也进行了对比分析,目的是确定所分析的动词之间的转移意义的异同,并确定它们的形式对应或翻译对等。分析表明,在两种语言中,饮酒动词的语义转移主要是围绕接受或吸收一个实体的概念发展的,在大多数情况下,这些意义及其背后的概念机制表现出高度的对等,因为两种语言中最常见的概念机制是概念隐喻。然而,这些差异主要体现在语义层面。
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引用次数: 0
THE FRONT DOORBELLS IN TAT’JANA TOLSTAJA’S STORIES: THEIR DESIGN AND CULTURAL MEMORY 塔贾纳前门的门铃讲述了斯塔贾的故事:它们的设计和文化记忆
Giulia Baselica
In some stories by Tatyana Tolstaya, published between 2004 and 2015, of Soviet and post-Soviet setting, the doorbell, in the representation of living contexts, seems to take on a non-secondary significance. Sometimes, it is its aesthetic value to be highlighted; while, in other moments, it is its function to be emphasised. This article aims to investigate the meaning the doorbell acquires in Tolstaya’s narratives, the way it relates, each single time, to the surrounding system of objects, as well as with the main characters of the stories. Although its being a product of modern technology, the doorbell, located on the front door, connects to the threshold, a place steeped in stratified mythical and ancestral values.
塔季扬娜·托尔斯塔亚(Tatyana Tolstaya)在2004年至2015年间发表的一些关于苏联和后苏联背景的故事中,门铃在对生活环境的再现中似乎具有非次要的意义。有时,是它的审美价值值得突出;然而,在其他时刻,它的功能是需要强调的。本文旨在探讨门铃在托尔斯塔亚的叙事中所获得的意义,以及它每次与周围物体系统以及故事主角的联系方式。虽然它是现代技术的产物,位于前门的门铃连接着门槛,一个沉浸在分层神话和祖先价值观中的地方。
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引用次数: 0
АN OVERVIEW OF MONOLINGUAL ONLINE DICTIONARIES OF THE SERBIAN LANGUAGE Аn塞尔维亚语单语在线词典概述
Nataša A. Spasić, Milan D. Todorović
By utilising the descriptive method, in this paper we have presented the current state of Serbian lexicography. Specifically, we emphasised the quantity and quality of free digital dictionaries. We based our research on the fact that dictionaries are an essential learning tool in a language classroom and that there is a wide choice of online dictionaries for many foreign languages. By viewing the data synchronically and analysing monolingual online Serbian dictionaries, we can conclude the following: 1) the supply, number and quality of available digital Serbian dictionaries is not satisfactory, especially ones that are free of charge; 2) Serbian lexicography lacks one solid, reliable online dictionary that is founded on scientific and lexicological methods; 3) in the existing dictionaries all the elements of a dictionary entry are not present (part of speech, case, grammatical gender, grammatical number, audio recording of pronunciation, synonyms, idioms, and even full-fledged definitions and contexts of use). By using dictionaries in the classroom we can improve not only a student’s knowledge of lexicography, but we can also enrich their vocabulary, develop their wording and ways to express themselves, and improve their functional literacy. Thus, the role, importance and need for online dictionaries is vital.
利用描述性的方法,在本文中,我们提出了塞尔维亚语词典编纂的现状。具体来说,我们强调免费数字词典的数量和质量。我们的研究基于这样一个事实:词典是语言课堂上必不可少的学习工具,而且许多外语的在线词典可供选择。通过同步查看数据和分析单语塞尔维亚语在线词典,我们可以得出以下结论:1)可用的数字塞尔维亚语词典的供应,数量和质量令人不满意,特别是免费词典;2)塞尔维亚语词典编纂缺乏一部坚实、可靠、以科学和词法学方法为基础的在线词典;3)在现有的词典中,一个词条的所有要素(词性、格、语法性别、语法数、发音录音、同义词、习语,甚至是完整的定义和用法上下文)都不存在。通过在课堂上使用词典,我们不仅可以提高学生的词典编纂知识,还可以丰富他们的词汇量,发展他们的措辞和表达方式,提高他们的功能素养。因此,在线词典的作用、重要性和需求是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
CEREMONIAL SPEECH ON THE OCCASION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BANJA LUKA FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY DAY – ST. CYRIL AND METHODIUS, 24 MAY 2022. 2022年5月24日,巴尼亚卢卡大学文献学教师日典礼致辞。
Софија Милорадовић
Бесједа
Besjeda
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引用次数: 0
ON COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LINGUISTIC MIRROR FEATURING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CORPUS 基于俄语语料库的新冠肺炎大流行研究
Тијана И. Балек
Приказ
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引用次数: 0
THE REPUBLIC OF DUBROVNIK LITERATURE IN SERBIAN LITERARY HISTORY – A SCHOLARLY DICTIONARY 塞尔维亚文学史上的杜布罗夫尼克共和国文学——一本学术词典
Јелена Д. Раца
Приказ
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引用次数: 0
TWO-VOICE TEXTURE OF EKPHRASIS. FIGURE OF LOVE – EKPHRASTIC FORMS IN THE OEUVRE OF SVETISLAV MANDIĆ 短语的双音结构。爱的形象——斯维蒂斯拉夫作品中的修辞形式mandiĆ
Nedeljka V. Bjelanovic
This paper deals with ekphrasis in the poetry and essays by Svetislav Mandic, in their particular form, method of creation, and function, in relation to the author’s profile and the specific position of his oeuvre in terms of literary history. The ekphrastic nature of Mandic’s oeuvre is discussed using several characteristic examples from his essays and lyrical poetry. At the same time, what is emphasised is the fact that various forms of picturesque and iconic descriptions in Mandic’s oeuvre are not necessarily ekphrastic, which means that particular attention should be paid not to exaggerate about the significance of the ekphrase as regards the overall enterprise of Mandic. The final conclusion about the nature of Mandic’s ekphrasis – that it implies figures of love – is based upon the analysis of the examples presented in the paper.
本文从斯韦蒂斯拉夫·曼迪奇的个人形象及其作品在文学史上的特殊地位出发,分析了其诗歌和散文中的特殊形式、创作方法和功能。本文从他的散文和抒情诗中选取几个典型的例子来讨论曼迪奇作品的抒情诗性质。同时,要强调的是,在曼迪奇的作品中,各种形式的生动和标志性的描述并不一定是语言的,这意味着应该特别注意不要夸大语言对曼迪奇整体事业的重要性。最后的结论是关于曼迪奇的措辞的性质-它暗示了爱的数字-是基于分析在论文中提出的例子。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Филолог – часопис за језик књижевност и културу
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