Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00269
Seagufta Afrin, M. Sohrab, Md. Shamim Ahmed, C. Hasan, M. Ahsan
Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. commonly known as vegetable hummingbird, agati or hummingbird tree1 is a small tree belonging to the family Leguminoseae. This plant is native to tropical Asia and is widely available in Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and India.2 It has widely been used in the herbal system of medicine to treat various diseases such as for the remedy of a large number of diseases like smallpox, inflammation, dysentery, rheumatism, leprosy, fever, gout, stomatitis and headache.3,4 The flowers and leaf of S. grandiflora were described to contain anxiolytic,5 anticancer6 and antioxidant7 activities. The bark extract demonstrated potent acute inflammation as well as adjuvant-induced arthritis inhibitory activity in rats.8 Qualitative analysis of the plant is carried out using standard chemical methods. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannin, flavonoids and saponins in plant extracts.9 Although S. grandiflora was previously studied extensively for its phytopharmacological potential, no comparative biological studies have been performed before among different extracts of the leaf and stem bark of this plant. We also report herein the isolation of seven compounds including a diterpene, two triterpenes, three steroids and, a fatty acid. The compounds are kaurenoic acid (1), β-amyrin (2) lupeol (3), stigmata-4,22-dien-3-one (4) stigmast-4-en-3-one (5) stigmasterol (6) and linoleic acid (7) respectively among which compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are being reported for the first time from Sesbania grandiflora. Previous studies claimed that kaurenoic acid (1) showed significant hemolytic activities,10 whereas compounds lupeol (3)11 and stigmasterol (6)12 showed potential cytotoxic activities on cancer cell lines.
{"title":"Terpenoids and steroids from the stem bark of Sesbania grandiflora and biological studies of the plant extracts","authors":"Seagufta Afrin, M. Sohrab, Md. Shamim Ahmed, C. Hasan, M. Ahsan","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00269","url":null,"abstract":"Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. commonly known as vegetable hummingbird, agati or hummingbird tree1 is a small tree belonging to the family Leguminoseae. This plant is native to tropical Asia and is widely available in Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, and India.2 It has widely been used in the herbal system of medicine to treat various diseases such as for the remedy of a large number of diseases like smallpox, inflammation, dysentery, rheumatism, leprosy, fever, gout, stomatitis and headache.3,4 The flowers and leaf of S. grandiflora were described to contain anxiolytic,5 anticancer6 and antioxidant7 activities. The bark extract demonstrated potent acute inflammation as well as adjuvant-induced arthritis inhibitory activity in rats.8 Qualitative analysis of the plant is carried out using standard chemical methods. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannin, flavonoids and saponins in plant extracts.9 Although S. grandiflora was previously studied extensively for its phytopharmacological potential, no comparative biological studies have been performed before among different extracts of the leaf and stem bark of this plant. We also report herein the isolation of seven compounds including a diterpene, two triterpenes, three steroids and, a fatty acid. The compounds are kaurenoic acid (1), β-amyrin (2) lupeol (3), stigmata-4,22-dien-3-one (4) stigmast-4-en-3-one (5) stigmasterol (6) and linoleic acid (7) respectively among which compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are being reported for the first time from Sesbania grandiflora. Previous studies claimed that kaurenoic acid (1) showed significant hemolytic activities,10 whereas compounds lupeol (3)11 and stigmasterol (6)12 showed potential cytotoxic activities on cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78758788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-09DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00268
A. A. Garces, Leandro Leon Roman, Yisell González Ríos, M. G. Hernández, Annarelis Pérez Pupo, Aylen Perez Almenares
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic alteration of ovarian function with hyperandrogenism that affects approximately 5-10% of women of childbearing age and is characterized by symptoms such as menstrual disorders (oligomenorrhea), infertility, hirsutism and some cases acne.1 In 1844, Cheréau described the existence of sclerocystic changes in the human ovary. The first correlation between androgen levels and insulin resistance was published in 1921 by Acherd and Thiers, calling it “bearded woman’s diabetes.” In 1928 Irving Stein drew attention to a group of patients with hirsutism, sterility, obesity and oligomenorrhea. In 1935 it is called “Stein-Levental syndrome”, being determined as ovarian dysfunction. The existence of elevated levels of LH was reported in 1958, setting criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In 1971, the use of radioimmunoassays stimulates the biochemical diagnosis. In 1976, the concept of polycystic ovary with normal levels of LH is accepted; the same year, Kahn reports six patients with insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism. Swanson, in 1981, describes for the first time the ultrasound findings of the ovarian polycystic; until 1985, Adams defines the sonographic diagnostic criteria, being accepted. Only 50% of women with clinical and biochemical evidence of PCOS, show abnormalities by ultrasound.2,3 According to reports in Greece and Spain there is a prevalence of 4-8% of women who have polycystic ovary. In the United States more than 250,000 women use the ultrasound evaluation, for the diagnosis of the disease, of these between 4% and 7% have ovarian cysts larger than 30 mm in diameter.4
{"title":"Response to treatment with metformin in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome: territorial center of care for the infertile couple, Holguín","authors":"A. A. Garces, Leandro Leon Roman, Yisell González Ríos, M. G. Hernández, Annarelis Pérez Pupo, Aylen Perez Almenares","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00268","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic alteration of ovarian function with hyperandrogenism that affects approximately 5-10% of women of childbearing age and is characterized by symptoms such as menstrual disorders (oligomenorrhea), infertility, hirsutism and some cases acne.1 In 1844, Cheréau described the existence of sclerocystic changes in the human ovary. The first correlation between androgen levels and insulin resistance was published in 1921 by Acherd and Thiers, calling it “bearded woman’s diabetes.” In 1928 Irving Stein drew attention to a group of patients with hirsutism, sterility, obesity and oligomenorrhea. In 1935 it is called “Stein-Levental syndrome”, being determined as ovarian dysfunction. The existence of elevated levels of LH was reported in 1958, setting criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In 1971, the use of radioimmunoassays stimulates the biochemical diagnosis. In 1976, the concept of polycystic ovary with normal levels of LH is accepted; the same year, Kahn reports six patients with insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans and hyperandrogenism. Swanson, in 1981, describes for the first time the ultrasound findings of the ovarian polycystic; until 1985, Adams defines the sonographic diagnostic criteria, being accepted. Only 50% of women with clinical and biochemical evidence of PCOS, show abnormalities by ultrasound.2,3 According to reports in Greece and Spain there is a prevalence of 4-8% of women who have polycystic ovary. In the United States more than 250,000 women use the ultrasound evaluation, for the diagnosis of the disease, of these between 4% and 7% have ovarian cysts larger than 30 mm in diameter.4","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"147 5-6","pages":"302-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91489710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-06DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00267
P. Lutgen
Considering all these data it would not be surprising to find that these diseases and Artemisia plants also have an effect on some metabolic and bodily functions.8 Epidemiological links between malaria parasitaemia and hypertension. A recent paper from South Africa reports a strong antihypertensive effect of Artemisia afra. The extract had its greatest antihypertensive effect at 2 and 4 hours post treatment, while the effect of Leonotis leonuras, another plant used for its antihypertensive properties, and of Furosemide were weak at its best. The authors also found that the Artemisia afra plant extract was non-toxic with LD50 values greater than 5000mg/kg.9,10 Similar hypotensive effects have been noticed in other Artemisia plants, for example, Artemisia herba alba11,12 or Artemisia Persia13 or Artemisia copa in Argentina14 and even Artemisia vulgaris.15
{"title":"Artemisia afra and hypertension","authors":"P. Lutgen","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00267","url":null,"abstract":"Considering all these data it would not be surprising to find that these diseases and Artemisia plants also have an effect on some metabolic and bodily functions.8 Epidemiological links between malaria parasitaemia and hypertension. A recent paper from South Africa reports a strong antihypertensive effect of Artemisia afra. The extract had its greatest antihypertensive effect at 2 and 4 hours post treatment, while the effect of Leonotis leonuras, another plant used for its antihypertensive properties, and of Furosemide were weak at its best. The authors also found that the Artemisia afra plant extract was non-toxic with LD50 values greater than 5000mg/kg.9,10 Similar hypotensive effects have been noticed in other Artemisia plants, for example, Artemisia herba alba11,12 or Artemisia Persia13 or Artemisia copa in Argentina14 and even Artemisia vulgaris.15","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73020074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00266
Tigist Abera, Rekik Ashebir, Hirut Basha, E. Debebe, Abiy Abebe, Asfaw Meresa, Samuel Woldekidan
According to 2017 WHO malaria report, 394.7 million people was at risk with Plasmodium falciparum (98%) and Plasmodium vivax (2%). Even though death with malaria decreased from 70,700 in 2010 to 20,800 in 2016,41.5 million malaria confirmed cases was reported in the East African region.1 P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin has been detected in five countries in the Greater Mekong sub-region. In Cambodia, high failure rates after treatment with an ACT have been detected for four different ACTs.2 Malaria remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia where only 25% of the population live in areas that are free from malaria and still among the ten top leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5.3 Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is seasonal, depending mostly on altitude and rainfall, with a lag time varying from a few weeks before the beginning of the rainy season to more than a month after the end of the rainy season and transmission peaks bi-annually from September to December and April to May, coinciding with the major harvesting seasons.4 The prevention of malaria in Ethiopia has relied mainly on early diagnosis and treatment of infection and reduction of humanvector contact by indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs).5 The Action and Investment to defeat Malaria (AIM) 2016–2030 strategy underscored that, malaria is not only a health issue, but also a broader developmental, socio-political, economic, environmental, agricultural, educational, biological, social issue and this strategy laid strong emphasis on the importance of keeping target community at the center of the fight against malaria and highlights the need for inclusive and collaborative efforts to create a malaria-free world by 2030.6 The rise of drug-resistant parasites especially P. falciparum multidrug resistance hamper malaria containment strategies.7 In Ethiopia, artemether-lumefantrine replaced sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in 2004 due to the increasing resistance of malaria to SP.8,9 The emergence of artemisinin resistance has raised concerns that threaten the potency of existing anti malaria’s and their therapeutic effectiveness of artemisinin which have been the drugs of choice is limited by a number of factors such as short half-life, neurotoxicity, and low solubility which affects their bioavailability. Traditional medicines are often more available, affordable and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional antimalarial drugs. Moreover, 80% of the Ethiopian population uses traditional medicine due to the cultural acceptably of healers and the relatively lower cost than modern drugs.10,11
{"title":"Phytochemical-constituents, safety and efficacy of commonly used medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia-a review","authors":"Tigist Abera, Rekik Ashebir, Hirut Basha, E. Debebe, Abiy Abebe, Asfaw Meresa, Samuel Woldekidan","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00266","url":null,"abstract":"According to 2017 WHO malaria report, 394.7 million people was at risk with Plasmodium falciparum (98%) and Plasmodium vivax (2%). Even though death with malaria decreased from 70,700 in 2010 to 20,800 in 2016,41.5 million malaria confirmed cases was reported in the East African region.1 P. falciparum resistance to artemisinin has been detected in five countries in the Greater Mekong sub-region. In Cambodia, high failure rates after treatment with an ACT have been detected for four different ACTs.2 Malaria remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia where only 25% of the population live in areas that are free from malaria and still among the ten top leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under-5.3 Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is seasonal, depending mostly on altitude and rainfall, with a lag time varying from a few weeks before the beginning of the rainy season to more than a month after the end of the rainy season and transmission peaks bi-annually from September to December and April to May, coinciding with the major harvesting seasons.4 The prevention of malaria in Ethiopia has relied mainly on early diagnosis and treatment of infection and reduction of humanvector contact by indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs).5 The Action and Investment to defeat Malaria (AIM) 2016–2030 strategy underscored that, malaria is not only a health issue, but also a broader developmental, socio-political, economic, environmental, agricultural, educational, biological, social issue and this strategy laid strong emphasis on the importance of keeping target community at the center of the fight against malaria and highlights the need for inclusive and collaborative efforts to create a malaria-free world by 2030.6 The rise of drug-resistant parasites especially P. falciparum multidrug resistance hamper malaria containment strategies.7 In Ethiopia, artemether-lumefantrine replaced sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in 2004 due to the increasing resistance of malaria to SP.8,9 The emergence of artemisinin resistance has raised concerns that threaten the potency of existing anti malaria’s and their therapeutic effectiveness of artemisinin which have been the drugs of choice is limited by a number of factors such as short half-life, neurotoxicity, and low solubility which affects their bioavailability. Traditional medicines are often more available, affordable and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional antimalarial drugs. Moreover, 80% of the Ethiopian population uses traditional medicine due to the cultural acceptably of healers and the relatively lower cost than modern drugs.10,11","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"284-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90902894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-26DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00265
P. F. Zabrodskii
Anticholinesterase compounds (оrganophosphate compounds– OPC, anticholinesterase drugs) are widely used in agriculture, various industries and households, in medicine. OPC can cause environmental pollution, as well as acute and chronic intoxications.1‒7 Cholinergic stimulation, as we established in 19872 and in subsequent studies, significantly reduces the mortality of white mice from sepsis caused by intraperitoneal or intrapulmonary administration, respectively of E. coli and P. vulgaris.3‒5,8 Thus, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanism has been discovered in 1987,2 named «cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway» in 20029 after the research its implementation at the organismal, cellular and subcellular levels.3,4,9,10 It should be noted that in 1995 it was proved the possibility of cholinomimetics for emergency activation of antimicrobial resistance of the organism in sepsis.3,4 In the future, the study of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway caused by the action of acetylcholine on α7n-acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) cells of the monocyte-macrophage system (MMC), followed by inhibition of the production by the cells of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6) and reduced mortality from sepsis were devoted hundreds of articles various authors.5,9‒18 Reduced production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 (anti-inflammatory effect occurrence) for cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is provided kinase JAK2, transcription factor STAT3, NF-κB transcription factor).10,16‒18 The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acute intoxication of anticholinesterase compound in combination with its antidote cholinesterase reactivator carboxim on the mortality of mice from sepsis caused by experimental peritonitis (E. coli), and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in blood.
{"title":"The combined effect of anticholinesterase compound DDVP and its antidote cholinesterase reactivator carboxim on implementation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway","authors":"P. F. Zabrodskii","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00265","url":null,"abstract":"Anticholinesterase compounds (оrganophosphate compounds– OPC, anticholinesterase drugs) are widely used in agriculture, various industries and households, in medicine. OPC can cause environmental pollution, as well as acute and chronic intoxications.1‒7 Cholinergic stimulation, as we established in 19872 and in subsequent studies, significantly reduces the mortality of white mice from sepsis caused by intraperitoneal or intrapulmonary administration, respectively of E. coli and P. vulgaris.3‒5,8 Thus, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanism has been discovered in 1987,2 named «cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway» in 20029 after the research its implementation at the organismal, cellular and subcellular levels.3,4,9,10 It should be noted that in 1995 it was proved the possibility of cholinomimetics for emergency activation of antimicrobial resistance of the organism in sepsis.3,4 In the future, the study of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway caused by the action of acetylcholine on α7n-acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) cells of the monocyte-macrophage system (MMC), followed by inhibition of the production by the cells of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6) and reduced mortality from sepsis were devoted hundreds of articles various authors.5,9‒18 Reduced production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 (anti-inflammatory effect occurrence) for cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is provided kinase JAK2, transcription factor STAT3, NF-κB transcription factor).10,16‒18 The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acute intoxication of anticholinesterase compound in combination with its antidote cholinesterase reactivator carboxim on the mortality of mice from sepsis caused by experimental peritonitis (E. coli), and the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in blood.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"280-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86047374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-18DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00264
X. You
{"title":"How China should do to control the cancer well","authors":"X. You","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"275-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88748668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-08DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00263
Roberta Carolina Rangel de Oliveira, T. Araújo
{"title":"Production and characterization of low molecular weight heparin obtained by modified double emulsion method with solvent evaporation","authors":"Roberta Carolina Rangel de Oliveira, T. Araújo","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90693261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-04DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00262
Nwawuba Stanley Udogadi, Nwozo Sarah Onyenibe
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia.1 DM occurs either when the pancreas does not produce insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.2 Several findings has revealed that DM is a major global health concern with a projected rise in prevalence from 171 million in 2010 to 366 million 2030.2,3 Both the number of cases and the prevalence of DM has steadily being on a rise over the past few decades and it is regarded to be a silent killer disease, affecting millions of peoples in the world.4,5 In Africa, the number of people with diabetes will increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 34.2 million in 2040 predominantly populated in some of the region’s most populous countries: South Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Ethiopia.3,4,6
{"title":"Evaluation of antidiabetic role of Bridelia ferruginea methanol leaf extract in streptozocin induced diabetic male wistar rats","authors":"Nwawuba Stanley Udogadi, Nwozo Sarah Onyenibe","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00262","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia.1 DM occurs either when the pancreas does not produce insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.2 Several findings has revealed that DM is a major global health concern with a projected rise in prevalence from 171 million in 2010 to 366 million 2030.2,3 Both the number of cases and the prevalence of DM has steadily being on a rise over the past few decades and it is regarded to be a silent killer disease, affecting millions of peoples in the world.4,5 In Africa, the number of people with diabetes will increase from 14.2 million in 2015 to 34.2 million in 2040 predominantly populated in some of the region’s most populous countries: South Africa, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Ethiopia.3,4,6","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90728796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-25DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00261
Luis Alberto López Avila
The present work aims to develop a qualitative quantitative method using the UPLC MS-MS equipment, for the determination of misoprostol ester through its metabolite, misoprostol acid, in human serum samples who consumed misoprostol ester for abortive purposes. This study was conducted in the Toxicology Laboratory of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the Public Ministry. At the national level there is no official method and internationally there are methods in similar teams1 The highly sensitive and specific qualiquantitative method of the UPLC MS-MS team, which is developed in the present study, can determine misoprostol ester through its serum acid misoprostol metabolite of pregnant women who have ingested misoprostol ester in abortive doses.
{"title":"Development a quantitative method for the determination of misoprostol acid in human serum","authors":"Luis Alberto López Avila","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00261","url":null,"abstract":"The present work aims to develop a qualitative quantitative method using the UPLC MS-MS equipment, for the determination of misoprostol ester through its metabolite, misoprostol acid, in human serum samples who consumed misoprostol ester for abortive purposes. This study was conducted in the Toxicology Laboratory of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the Public Ministry. At the national level there is no official method and internationally there are methods in similar teams1 The highly sensitive and specific qualiquantitative method of the UPLC MS-MS team, which is developed in the present study, can determine misoprostol ester through its serum acid misoprostol metabolite of pregnant women who have ingested misoprostol ester in abortive doses.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76144514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-21DOI: 10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00260
N. Zaini, F. Mustaffa
Malaysia are one of the places that having the richest biodiversity with 12% of all plant species and almost 2000 of those found locally have been reported possess medicinal qualities.1 The herbal products sector in Malaysia is growing as one of the success stories under the Agriculture National Key Economic Area (NKEA).2 Recently, researcher has shown an increased interest in development of commercialized herbal products. This is supported by the Government (2010) by announcing to make Malaysia as a leading country in producing high-value herbal products.
{"title":"Health benefits of commercialized herbal product in Malaysia-a review","authors":"N. Zaini, F. Mustaffa","doi":"10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ppij.2019.07.00260","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia are one of the places that having the richest biodiversity with 12% of all plant species and almost 2000 of those found locally have been reported possess medicinal qualities.1 The herbal products sector in Malaysia is growing as one of the success stories under the Agriculture National Key Economic Area (NKEA).2 Recently, researcher has shown an increased interest in development of commercialized herbal products. This is supported by the Government (2010) by announcing to make Malaysia as a leading country in producing high-value herbal products.","PeriodicalId":19839,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81399369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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