Lifestyle decisions, food habits, stress, environmental variables, and synthetic substances are all contributing to the rapid advancement of human diseases. It has been demonstrated that the herb fenugreek is effective in treating conditions like cancer, high cholesterol, diabetes, and inflammation. Fenugreek extracts and powders have been successfully used in the culinary and pharmaceutical industries because of its therapeutic properties. This review aim was to emphasize the significant nutritional advantages and therapeutic uses of fenugreek as a strong treatment for a range of diseases.
{"title":"Fenugreek: A Health promoting Food","authors":"M.A.K. Niazi, Farooq Hassan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i06.883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i06.883","url":null,"abstract":"Lifestyle decisions, food habits, stress, environmental variables, and synthetic substances are all contributing to the rapid advancement of human diseases. It has been demonstrated that the herb fenugreek is effective in treating conditions like cancer, high cholesterol, diabetes, and inflammation. Fenugreek extracts and powders have been successfully used in the culinary and pharmaceutical industries because of its therapeutic properties. This review aim was to emphasize the significant nutritional advantages and therapeutic uses of fenugreek as a strong treatment for a range of diseases.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78210704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refers to a diverse assemblage of hematological malignancies that constitute clonal expansion of immature myeloid progenitor cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. TERT gene ensures telomeres maintenance, chromosome stability and prevention of malignancy. The TERT gene has several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been linked to a number of diseases, including AML. Objective: To classify the harmful TERT gene mutations, and to analyze them using various computational approaches at structural, functional and translational expression levels Methods: National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database was used to retrieve nsSNPs of TERT gene (Q53H, V170M, A184T, S255Y, A288V, H412Y, I540M, R631W) reported in AML and they were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: In this in silico analysis, it was observed that seven out of eight SNPs had a damaging effect; they could affect the protein stability, protein-protein interactions, hydrophobicity, protein folding, three-dimensional structure, secondary structure and conservation profile. 3D models were generated and validated by various tools and the structural effect of these alterations was observed on protein function that was destabilizing to the RNA folding, protein-protein interactions and other functionally associated proteins. Analysis of post translational modifications showed no significant effect of these mutations. Conclusions: These SNPs could be used in future as potential targets in disease diagnosis, biological markers and protein studies.
{"title":"In Silico Post Translational Analysis of Functional Single Nucleotide Alterations in Human TERT Gene Associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia","authors":"Anam Munir, A. Akram, Khansa Jamil, Asma I Tahir","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.881","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refers to a diverse assemblage of hematological malignancies that constitute clonal expansion of immature myeloid progenitor cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. TERT gene ensures telomeres maintenance, chromosome stability and prevention of malignancy. The TERT gene has several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been linked to a number of diseases, including AML. Objective: To classify the harmful TERT gene mutations, and to analyze them using various computational approaches at structural, functional and translational expression levels Methods: National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database was used to retrieve nsSNPs of TERT gene (Q53H, V170M, A184T, S255Y, A288V, H412Y, I540M, R631W) reported in AML and they were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: In this in silico analysis, it was observed that seven out of eight SNPs had a damaging effect; they could affect the protein stability, protein-protein interactions, hydrophobicity, protein folding, three-dimensional structure, secondary structure and conservation profile. 3D models were generated and validated by various tools and the structural effect of these alterations was observed on protein function that was destabilizing to the RNA folding, protein-protein interactions and other functionally associated proteins. Analysis of post translational modifications showed no significant effect of these mutations. Conclusions: These SNPs could be used in future as potential targets in disease diagnosis, biological markers and protein studies.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73744440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, Sadia Sukhera, S. Batool, Asma Draz, B. Rizwan, Zeenat Islam
Dietary interventions involving the use of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplements are considered the most commonly employed therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is currently a lack of investigation into the medicinal efficacy of vitamin and mineral supplementation in improving ASD symptoms. Nonetheless, several researchers have observed a prevalence of nutritional and metabolic abnormalities among individuals with autism. While there is some evidence suggesting that nutrient and mineral supplementation may enhance these fundamental physiological processes, further research is necessary to establish their effectiveness. This review aims to explore potential direct and indirect contributions of metabolism to the primary symptoms of autism, as well as provide evidence regarding nutritional deficiencies and metabolic dysfunction. The present review systematically investigates the existing body of evidence regarding the utilization of high-dose vitamin B6-mg supplementation for the therapeutic intervention in individuals, encompassing both pediatric and adult populations, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
{"title":"Medicinal Effect of Pyridoxine - Magnesium for the Cure of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, Sadia Sukhera, S. Batool, Asma Draz, B. Rizwan, Zeenat Islam","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.866","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary interventions involving the use of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplements are considered the most commonly employed therapeutic approach for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is currently a lack of investigation into the medicinal efficacy of vitamin and mineral supplementation in improving ASD symptoms. Nonetheless, several researchers have observed a prevalence of nutritional and metabolic abnormalities among individuals with autism. While there is some evidence suggesting that nutrient and mineral supplementation may enhance these fundamental physiological processes, further research is necessary to establish their effectiveness. This review aims to explore potential direct and indirect contributions of metabolism to the primary symptoms of autism, as well as provide evidence regarding nutritional deficiencies and metabolic dysfunction. The present review systematically investigates the existing body of evidence regarding the utilization of high-dose vitamin B6-mg supplementation for the therapeutic intervention in individuals, encompassing both pediatric and adult populations, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89288372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mazhar, Naaz Abbas, Y. Saleem, Q. Syed, S. Riaz, Ramsha Essa, Bakhtawar Bukhari, Saira Ashfaq, Ishrat Perveen, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi
Milk is a profoundly nutritious food that provides the favorable environment and nutrition for the growth development of large number of microorganisms. Microbiological quality assurance techniques could be usually utilized as a speedy strategy to survey the microbiological nature of crude and pasteurized milk. Objective: To develop indigenous rapid kit for determination and differentiation of milk quality, microbial presence, pasteurized and unpasteurized milk. Methods: Some 14-milk raw and pasteurized milk samples were collected from different geographical areas of Lahore and different brands of pasteurized milk. The colorimetric indigenous alkaline phosphatase milk quality detection kit was prepared for 200 reactions was developed. Alkaline phosphatase kit was tested at different temperature and volume of milk. Results: Results showed that a wide range of milk that bought from local stores and nearby market with exorbitant cost milk types shown no difference in milk quality in terms of presence of microbes. Moreover, different effect of pasteurized milk was observed after affirm test the variety stayed blue and not changed. Conclusions: This indigenous kit is test is quick monetary strategy that can be utilized for identification of milk quality on the basis of microbial presence, therefore, pasteurized or unpasteurized milk can be tested in field as well.
{"title":"Development of Indigenous Alkaline Phosphatase Kit for the Detection of Milk Quality","authors":"S. Mazhar, Naaz Abbas, Y. Saleem, Q. Syed, S. Riaz, Ramsha Essa, Bakhtawar Bukhari, Saira Ashfaq, Ishrat Perveen, Syed Hussain Imam Abidi","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.875","url":null,"abstract":"Milk is a profoundly nutritious food that provides the favorable environment and nutrition for the growth development of large number of microorganisms. Microbiological quality assurance techniques could be usually utilized as a speedy strategy to survey the microbiological nature of crude and pasteurized milk. Objective: To develop indigenous rapid kit for determination and differentiation of milk quality, microbial presence, pasteurized and unpasteurized milk. Methods: Some 14-milk raw and pasteurized milk samples were collected from different geographical areas of Lahore and different brands of pasteurized milk. The colorimetric indigenous alkaline phosphatase milk quality detection kit was prepared for 200 reactions was developed. Alkaline phosphatase kit was tested at different temperature and volume of milk. Results: Results showed that a wide range of milk that bought from local stores and nearby market with exorbitant cost milk types shown no difference in milk quality in terms of presence of microbes. Moreover, different effect of pasteurized milk was observed after affirm test the variety stayed blue and not changed. Conclusions: This indigenous kit is test is quick monetary strategy that can be utilized for identification of milk quality on the basis of microbial presence, therefore, pasteurized or unpasteurized milk can be tested in field as well.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muslim Khan, Aftab Ali, Zakir Khan, Abid Jan, S. Fahad, Samiullah Khan, Mansoor Ahmad, Rakan Abdullah Alwabel
In stroke patients, spasticity level allows to predict the patient’s rehabilitation outcome. Objective: To evaluate the anti-spastic effectiveness of high intensity electromagnetic stimulation (HIES) in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty (n=20) spastic stroke patients were assigned randomly into two groups; the study participants were briefed about the aim & methodology of the study & written consent were taken. Ten therapy sessions were given to the stroke’s patient spastic muscles in the treatment group (TG) with HIES, while in the controlled group (CG) 10 electrotherapy session along with kinesiotherapy was delivered. The outcome measures of the study were MAS (Modified Ashworth scale) & Barthel index (BI) was used as, for spasticity and for the patient’s quality life evaluation, respectively. After the one-month therapeutic plan results were obtained & compared based on the pre-treatment score & post-treatment score on the afore-mentioned specified outcome measures. Results: The analysis of data shows that treatment group score improved significantly, up to 68% & similarly, spasticity decreased from 2.86±0.075 in the beginning to 0.58±0.86 points on MAS, while on the other hand, control group score up to 31% enhanced & on the MAS scale, spasticity diminished from 2.45±0.57 in the start to 1.49±0.87 points. As per Barthel index, improvement for CG & TG was 72% & 80% respectively. Conclusions: This study results shows that high intensity electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) is highly effective in the reduction of stroke-specific spasticity.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of High Intensity Electromagnetic Stimulation in Spastic Stroke Patients","authors":"Muslim Khan, Aftab Ali, Zakir Khan, Abid Jan, S. Fahad, Samiullah Khan, Mansoor Ahmad, Rakan Abdullah Alwabel","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.872","url":null,"abstract":"In stroke patients, spasticity level allows to predict the patient’s rehabilitation outcome. Objective: To evaluate the anti-spastic effectiveness of high intensity electromagnetic stimulation (HIES) in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty (n=20) spastic stroke patients were assigned randomly into two groups; the study participants were briefed about the aim & methodology of the study & written consent were taken. Ten therapy sessions were given to the stroke’s patient spastic muscles in the treatment group (TG) with HIES, while in the controlled group (CG) 10 electrotherapy session along with kinesiotherapy was delivered. The outcome measures of the study were MAS (Modified Ashworth scale) & Barthel index (BI) was used as, for spasticity and for the patient’s quality life evaluation, respectively. After the one-month therapeutic plan results were obtained & compared based on the pre-treatment score & post-treatment score on the afore-mentioned specified outcome measures. Results: The analysis of data shows that treatment group score improved significantly, up to 68% & similarly, spasticity decreased from 2.86±0.075 in the beginning to 0.58±0.86 points on MAS, while on the other hand, control group score up to 31% enhanced & on the MAS scale, spasticity diminished from 2.45±0.57 in the start to 1.49±0.87 points. As per Barthel index, improvement for CG & TG was 72% & 80% respectively. Conclusions: This study results shows that high intensity electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) is highly effective in the reduction of stroke-specific spasticity.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89042090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People have used medicinal plants for centuries to produce traditional remedies that greatly interest modern health care. One of these plants, Gossypium herbaceum or commonly called Arabian cotton, has been used in various medicinal applications. Scientists are turning to DNA barcoding, a molecular technique that identifies species using standardized DNA regions. Objective: To evaluate samples of Gossypium herbaceum and their physical properties. Methods: DNA was extracted from the plant material, and its quality and quantity were checked. Using PCR and gel electrophoresis, amplification of the RBCL gene was done. Purification of the PCR products was done for DNA sequencing. After that, all the DNA sequences were compared with the available DNA sequences in public databases. The relationship between Gossypium herbaceum and other related species was evaluated using the neighbour-joining method for phylogenetic analysis. Results: The results showed a high percentage of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity with Gossypium richmond and Gossypium hirsutum. The study demonstrated the potential of DNA barcoding using the rbcL gene as a reliable method for identifying and confirming Gossypium herbaceum. Also, this study provides valuable insight into the phylogenetic relationships of this medicinal plant species. Conclusions: The findings support the conservation and appropriate use of medicinal plants and highlight the importance of ensuring the authenticity and quality of herbal products.
{"title":"Characterization, Amplification, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Gossypium herbaceum Using rbcL Molecular Marker","authors":"Aftab Iqbal, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.891","url":null,"abstract":"People have used medicinal plants for centuries to produce traditional remedies that greatly interest modern health care. One of these plants, Gossypium herbaceum or commonly called Arabian cotton, has been used in various medicinal applications. Scientists are turning to DNA barcoding, a molecular technique that identifies species using standardized DNA regions. Objective: To evaluate samples of Gossypium herbaceum and their physical properties. Methods: DNA was extracted from the plant material, and its quality and quantity were checked. Using PCR and gel electrophoresis, amplification of the RBCL gene was done. Purification of the PCR products was done for DNA sequencing. After that, all the DNA sequences were compared with the available DNA sequences in public databases. The relationship between Gossypium herbaceum and other related species was evaluated using the neighbour-joining method for phylogenetic analysis. Results: The results showed a high percentage of pairwise nucleotide sequence identity with Gossypium richmond and Gossypium hirsutum. The study demonstrated the potential of DNA barcoding using the rbcL gene as a reliable method for identifying and confirming Gossypium herbaceum. Also, this study provides valuable insight into the phylogenetic relationships of this medicinal plant species. Conclusions: The findings support the conservation and appropriate use of medicinal plants and highlight the importance of ensuring the authenticity and quality of herbal products.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135434808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infertility is the inability of a couple of reproductive age to have conception even after one year without interruption of sexual activity. Young couples who are affected with infertility are 10-15% worldwide and 40-60 % are males. Approximately 80 million people are facing this problem. Azoospermia is the main presenting symptom of infertility. Various diseases such as varicocele, orchitis, and trauma are the most common causes of infertility. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of scrotal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of causes of male infertility and to check the sonographic findings of the normal or pathological scrotum. Methods: Various search engines were used to perform a systemic literature review. Google scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Medscape provide the articles for this systemic literature review. Male infertility, ultrasound, and causes are the main keywords that are used for searching articles related to this topic. Results: 45 articles were reviewed and 40 were included in this systematic review. The main finding of this review is that most of the infertile patients had azoospermia. The most common cause of male infertility is a varicocele and other causes include hydrocele, epididymal-orchitis, cysts of testes and epididymis, and trauma. For effective diagnosis and treatment of infertility sonographic scrotal evaluation must be included. Conclusions: The conclusion of this review is that measurement of the volume of testes and detection of varicocele by ultrasonography is very helpful for the physician for assessment of causes of male infertility
{"title":"Role of Ultrasonography in Detection of Male Infertility","authors":"Khadija Bakhtawar, N. Arshad","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.870","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is the inability of a couple of reproductive age to have conception even after one year without interruption of sexual activity. Young couples who are affected with infertility are 10-15% worldwide and 40-60 % are males. Approximately 80 million people are facing this problem. Azoospermia is the main presenting symptom of infertility. Various diseases such as varicocele, orchitis, and trauma are the most common causes of infertility. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of scrotal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of causes of male infertility and to check the sonographic findings of the normal or pathological scrotum. Methods: Various search engines were used to perform a systemic literature review. Google scholar, NCBI, PubMed, and Medscape provide the articles for this systemic literature review. Male infertility, ultrasound, and causes are the main keywords that are used for searching articles related to this topic. Results: 45 articles were reviewed and 40 were included in this systematic review. The main finding of this review is that most of the infertile patients had azoospermia. The most common cause of male infertility is a varicocele and other causes include hydrocele, epididymal-orchitis, cysts of testes and epididymis, and trauma. For effective diagnosis and treatment of infertility sonographic scrotal evaluation must be included. Conclusions: The conclusion of this review is that measurement of the volume of testes and detection of varicocele by ultrasonography is very helpful for the physician for assessment of causes of male infertility","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"52 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91145628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muslim Khan, Aftab Ali, Zakir Khan, Abid Jan, S. Fahad, Samiullah Khan, Mansoor Ahmad, Rakan Abdullah Alwabel
All stroke patients across the stroke spectrum frequently experience functional deficits of varying degrees. Despite the idea of post-stroke functional advancement, there is a lack of information regarding post-acute stroke recovery. Objective: To track the progress of acute stroke patients admitted to acute stroke rehabilitation centers in terms of functional recovery. Methods: A cohort study was designed and extracted the data of ninety-five (N=95) acute stroke patients admitted to the center for the acute rehabilitation program (ARP). Ninety-five (N=95) post-stroke patients with the mRS 3-4 (Modified ranking scale) admitted to the centers were enrolled for this retrospective cohort study. All enrolled patients for the study went through functional, neurophysiological and quality of life assessment/evaluation was taken at the time of admission to the center and before the discharge from the center. The score at the discharge were the functional outcomes and were used to compare them with the score taken at the time of admission (baseline score). Results: The results of the retrospective cohort showed that the average length of stay was 56.40 days. After the intervention of the intensive ARP significant improvement were observed in all test score. The removal rate for foley catheter (p=0.003), Nasogastric tubes (p=0.00) was found for all patients at the time of discharge. Conclusions: The study's findings demonstrated that ARP can help acute stroke patients who have functional deficits improve their functional status. To find more efficient forms of intervention in the acute-stroke rehabilitation, this study advises future research
{"title":"Clinical Profile of the Stroke Recovering Patients in the Acute Rehabilitation Setting in Peshawar","authors":"Muslim Khan, Aftab Ali, Zakir Khan, Abid Jan, S. Fahad, Samiullah Khan, Mansoor Ahmad, Rakan Abdullah Alwabel","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.874","url":null,"abstract":"All stroke patients across the stroke spectrum frequently experience functional deficits of varying degrees. Despite the idea of post-stroke functional advancement, there is a lack of information regarding post-acute stroke recovery. Objective: To track the progress of acute stroke patients admitted to acute stroke rehabilitation centers in terms of functional recovery. Methods: A cohort study was designed and extracted the data of ninety-five (N=95) acute stroke patients admitted to the center for the acute rehabilitation program (ARP). Ninety-five (N=95) post-stroke patients with the mRS 3-4 (Modified ranking scale) admitted to the centers were enrolled for this retrospective cohort study. All enrolled patients for the study went through functional, neurophysiological and quality of life assessment/evaluation was taken at the time of admission to the center and before the discharge from the center. The score at the discharge were the functional outcomes and were used to compare them with the score taken at the time of admission (baseline score). Results: The results of the retrospective cohort showed that the average length of stay was 56.40 days. After the intervention of the intensive ARP significant improvement were observed in all test score. The removal rate for foley catheter (p=0.003), Nasogastric tubes (p=0.00) was found for all patients at the time of discharge. Conclusions: The study's findings demonstrated that ARP can help acute stroke patients who have functional deficits improve their functional status. To find more efficient forms of intervention in the acute-stroke rehabilitation, this study advises future research","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77367266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the ever-evolving field of medicine, it is crucial for medical education and training to keep pace with advancements in healthcare. Innovative approaches to medical education are essential to equip future healthcare professionals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to navigate complex medical landscapes. As we strive for excellence in healthcare delivery, it is time to embrace new paradigms in medical education and training that leverage technology, interdisciplinary collaboration, and learner-centered approaches. One promising avenue for innovation in medical education is the integration of technology. The digital era has revolutionized how we access information and interact with the world, and medical education should be no exception. Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and simulation-based training can provide immersive learning experiences, allowing students to practice complex procedures and develop clinical skills in a safe and controlled environment. Online platforms and mobile applications can enhance self-directed learning, offer interactive modules, and facilitate global collaboration among medical students and professionals. By harnessing the power of technology, medical education can transcend geographical boundaries, promote lifelong learning, and foster a culture of innovation. Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration has become increasingly crucial in modern healthcare, and medical education should reflect this reality. Collaborative learning experiences that bring together students from various healthcare disciplines, such as medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions, can promote a holistic understanding of patient care and enhance teamwork and communication skills. Interprofessional education (IPE) initiatives can create opportunities for shared learning, breaking down professional silos and fostering a collaborative healthcare ecosystem. By embracing interdisciplinary approaches, medical education can prepare future healthcare professionals to work effectively in multidisciplinary teams, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. Lastly, learner-centered approaches that prioritize individualized learning and active engagement can revolutionize medical education. Traditional didactic lectures are giving way to interactive and problem-based learning methods that encourage critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and application of knowledge. Small group discussions, case-based learning, and flipped classrooms are examples of learner-centered approaches that encourage active participation and foster deeper understanding. Additionally, incorporating reflective practice, mentorship programs, and real-world clinical experiences can enhance the professional and personal development of medical students, promoting empathy, resilience, and ethical decision-making. In conclusion, embracing innovative approaches to medical education and training is imperativ
{"title":"Transforming Medical Education and Training","authors":"Khizar Hayat","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i05.877","url":null,"abstract":"In the ever-evolving field of medicine, it is crucial for medical education and training to keep pace with advancements in healthcare. Innovative approaches to medical education are essential to equip future healthcare professionals with the knowledge, skills, and competencies required to navigate complex medical landscapes. As we strive for excellence in healthcare delivery, it is time to embrace new paradigms in medical education and training that leverage technology, interdisciplinary collaboration, and learner-centered approaches. \u0000One promising avenue for innovation in medical education is the integration of technology. The digital era has revolutionized how we access information and interact with the world, and medical education should be no exception. Virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and simulation-based training can provide immersive learning experiences, allowing students to practice complex procedures and develop clinical skills in a safe and controlled environment. Online platforms and mobile applications can enhance self-directed learning, offer interactive modules, and facilitate global collaboration among medical students and professionals. By harnessing the power of technology, medical education can transcend geographical boundaries, promote lifelong learning, and foster a culture of innovation. \u0000Furthermore, interdisciplinary collaboration has become increasingly crucial in modern healthcare, and medical education should reflect this reality. Collaborative learning experiences that bring together students from various healthcare disciplines, such as medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions, can promote a holistic understanding of patient care and enhance teamwork and communication skills. Interprofessional education (IPE) initiatives can create opportunities for shared learning, breaking down professional silos and fostering a collaborative healthcare ecosystem. By embracing interdisciplinary approaches, medical education can prepare future healthcare professionals to work effectively in multidisciplinary teams, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and healthcare delivery. \u0000Lastly, learner-centered approaches that prioritize individualized learning and active engagement can revolutionize medical education. Traditional didactic lectures are giving way to interactive and problem-based learning methods that encourage critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and application of knowledge. Small group discussions, case-based learning, and flipped classrooms are examples of learner-centered approaches that encourage active participation and foster deeper understanding. Additionally, incorporating reflective practice, mentorship programs, and real-world clinical experiences can enhance the professional and personal development of medical students, promoting empathy, resilience, and ethical decision-making. \u0000In conclusion, embracing innovative approaches to medical education and training is imperativ","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87139230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqsa Qurban, Hamid Khan, Fizza Ali, Saba Abbas, S. A. Hameed, Nousheen Hussain
Silybum marianum is the scientific name of milk thistle. For centuries, it is used to treat hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, and indigestion. The bioactive agents of milk thistle contain Apigenin, silybin, betaine, free fatty acids, silybin, silychristin, and silidianin. Objective: To determine the potential of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Methods: It was a cross-sectional and experimental based study with NAFLD patients. A significant age range of 30 to 60 years was chosen for the 40 patients (20 men and 20 women). Screening period after liver biopsies (before and after the use of one capsule of S. marianum (Silymarin Standardize milk Thistle 300mg/day metabolic maintenance). Ultrasound technology assessed the liver condition at the start of the study and after the herbal 6-months therapy. Results: Out of 40 patients, 10 (25%) had hyperlipidemia and 5 (12.5%) were diabetics. The results of the 6-month therapy research study showed that the blood AST and ALT levels of NAFLD patients had significantly decreased. The average ALT and AST baseline concentrations were 85 and 65.9IU/ml, respectively. AST value (before and after therapy) showed a statistically significant difference in 80% of the NAFLD patients treated with S. marianum (32 out of 40; p=0.007). With a p-value of 0.05, alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization of disease severity was accomplished in 65% of patients (26 out of 40 patients). Conclusions: The therapy of NAFLD via S. marianum is successful in terms of biochemical improvement, especially when other medications have failed or when used in conjunction with other therapeutic techniques
{"title":"Determine the Curing Effects of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) Administered Orally to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Patients for Six Months","authors":"Aqsa Qurban, Hamid Khan, Fizza Ali, Saba Abbas, S. A. Hameed, Nousheen Hussain","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.869","url":null,"abstract":"Silybum marianum is the scientific name of milk thistle. For centuries, it is used to treat hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice, diabetes, and indigestion. The bioactive agents of milk thistle contain Apigenin, silybin, betaine, free fatty acids, silybin, silychristin, and silidianin. Objective: To determine the potential of Silybum marianum (milk thistle) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. Methods: It was a cross-sectional and experimental based study with NAFLD patients. A significant age range of 30 to 60 years was chosen for the 40 patients (20 men and 20 women). Screening period after liver biopsies (before and after the use of one capsule of S. marianum (Silymarin Standardize milk Thistle 300mg/day metabolic maintenance). Ultrasound technology assessed the liver condition at the start of the study and after the herbal 6-months therapy. Results: Out of 40 patients, 10 (25%) had hyperlipidemia and 5 (12.5%) were diabetics. The results of the 6-month therapy research study showed that the blood AST and ALT levels of NAFLD patients had significantly decreased. The average ALT and AST baseline concentrations were 85 and 65.9IU/ml, respectively. AST value (before and after therapy) showed a statistically significant difference in 80% of the NAFLD patients treated with S. marianum (32 out of 40; p=0.007). With a p-value of 0.05, alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization of disease severity was accomplished in 65% of patients (26 out of 40 patients). Conclusions: The therapy of NAFLD via S. marianum is successful in terms of biochemical improvement, especially when other medications have failed or when used in conjunction with other therapeutic techniques","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77285211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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