Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, B. Rizwan, Sadia Sukhera, Sana Noreen, Nazia Koser, Zeenat Islam, S. Batool
Plants have played a significant role in traditional medicine for treating a wide range of human ailments. Among the many medicinal herbs used in Unani medicine, Bombax ceiba Linn. has been employed for centuries. This herbaceous plant is renowned for its impressive height, reaching approximately 150 feet. It can be found in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, Africa, and, Asia with occurrences in India at altitudes of up to 1500 meters. The indigenous communities and forest dwellers extensively utilize various components of this plant, including the root, flower, gum, leaf, prickles, stem bark, fruit, seed, and heartwood, to address diverse diseases. Ethnobotanical research reveals that Bombax ceiba Linn. is effectively employed in the treatment of ailments such as diarrhea, boils, wounds, leprosy, acne, and various other skin conditions. Furthermore, it has been used as an anthelmintic since ancient times. Through scientific investigations, the presence of numerous beneficial properties has been confirmed in different parts of this plant, thus validating its traditional medicinal use. These properties include hypotensive, antioxidant, pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and anti-helicobacter pylori properties
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Properties of Bombax ceiba","authors":"Hafiza Madiha Jaffar, B. Rizwan, Sadia Sukhera, Sana Noreen, Nazia Koser, Zeenat Islam, S. Batool","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.865","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have played a significant role in traditional medicine for treating a wide range of human ailments. Among the many medicinal herbs used in Unani medicine, Bombax ceiba Linn. has been employed for centuries. This herbaceous plant is renowned for its impressive height, reaching approximately 150 feet. It can be found in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, Africa, and, Asia with occurrences in India at altitudes of up to 1500 meters. The indigenous communities and forest dwellers extensively utilize various components of this plant, including the root, flower, gum, leaf, prickles, stem bark, fruit, seed, and heartwood, to address diverse diseases. Ethnobotanical research reveals that Bombax ceiba Linn. is effectively employed in the treatment of ailments such as diarrhea, boils, wounds, leprosy, acne, and various other skin conditions. Furthermore, it has been used as an anthelmintic since ancient times. Through scientific investigations, the presence of numerous beneficial properties has been confirmed in different parts of this plant, thus validating its traditional medicinal use. These properties include hypotensive, antioxidant, pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and anti-helicobacter pylori properties","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89671001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biomedical Research is a key field with the potential to significantly enhance medical results and save lives. It can be difficult to convey the results of this kind of research to the general audience, though. The public frequently has a limited knowledge of the research process and the significance of new findings, despite the significant work that researchers are performing in laboratories and clinics all around the world. Scientists and healthcare professionals are faced with a dilemma since they need to develop strategies for effectively sharing their research and interacting with the public in order to foster trust and understanding [1]. The intricacy of the topic is one of the major obstacles to effectively explaining biomedical research to the general audience. Many biomedical research studies use complex scientific terminology and technical jargon that is challenging for laypeople to comprehend. Additionally, some studies may deal with contentious subjects like gene editing or stem cell research, which might be difficult to convey in an understandable way. Scientists and healthcare professionals must discover ways to simplify complex concepts in order to make their results accessible to a larger audience [2]. The influence of the media and false information is another difficulty in explaining biomedical research to the general population. The media may be very helpful in spreading the word about new research findings, but it also has the potential to confuse and mislead the public by sensationalizing or misrepresenting study findings. Furthermore, the emergence of social media has facilitated the transmission of false information, posing difficulties for researchers who must traverse a sea of contradictory data and shifting degrees of public confidence [3]. Researchers and healthcare professionals must interact with the public in novel and creative ways in order to overcome these obstacles. For instance, they can share their study results with a larger audience through social media and other digital channels. To guarantee accurate and ethical reporting of their activities, they can also cooperate with journalists and media organizations. They can also collaborate with neighborhood associations and patient advocacy groups to foster public confidence and understanding. Overall, researchers and healthcare professionals must continually engage in and innovate to meet the issue of conveying scientific research to the general population. They can create a more educated and involved public and, in turn, enhance healthcare results and everyone's quality of life by figuring up fresh and efficient methods to share their work with the world.
{"title":"The Challenge of Communicating Biomedical Research to the Public","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.859","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical Research is a key field with the potential to significantly enhance medical results and save lives. It can be difficult to convey the results of this kind of research to the general audience, though. The public frequently has a limited knowledge of the research process and the significance of new findings, despite the significant work that researchers are performing in laboratories and clinics all around the world. Scientists and healthcare professionals are faced with a dilemma since they need to develop strategies for effectively sharing their research and interacting with the public in order to foster trust and understanding [1]. \u0000The intricacy of the topic is one of the major obstacles to effectively explaining biomedical research to the general audience. Many biomedical research studies use complex scientific terminology and technical jargon that is challenging for laypeople to comprehend. Additionally, some studies may deal with contentious subjects like gene editing or stem cell research, which might be difficult to convey in an understandable way. Scientists and healthcare professionals must discover ways to simplify complex concepts in order to make their results accessible to a larger audience [2]. \u0000The influence of the media and false information is another difficulty in explaining biomedical research to the general population. The media may be very helpful in spreading the word about new research findings, but it also has the potential to confuse and mislead the public by sensationalizing or misrepresenting study findings. Furthermore, the emergence of social media has facilitated the transmission of false information, posing difficulties for researchers who must traverse a sea of contradictory data and shifting degrees of public confidence [3]. \u0000Researchers and healthcare professionals must interact with the public in novel and creative ways in order to overcome these obstacles. For instance, they can share their study results with a larger audience through social media and other digital channels. To guarantee accurate and ethical reporting of their activities, they can also cooperate with journalists and media organizations. They can also collaborate with neighborhood associations and patient advocacy groups to foster public confidence and understanding. \u0000Overall, researchers and healthcare professionals must continually engage in and innovate to meet the issue of conveying scientific research to the general population. They can create a more educated and involved public and, in turn, enhance healthcare results and everyone's quality of life by figuring up fresh and efficient methods to share their work with the world.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84659714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samavia Abdulhaq, Afia Muhammad Akram, Khansa Jamil, Asma I Tahir
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cell malignancy of the myeloid line, characterized by fast proliferation of aberrant cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood, interfering with normal blood cell synthesis. DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase that plays a role in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene expression regulation. DNMT3A mutations are frequently found in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on protein structure and function, specifically in the context of AML. Methods: SNPs of DNMT3A gene reported in AML (R882P, R882L, R882S, R882G, and R882C) were retrieved from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and different in silico approaches were used to investigate how these mutations affect protein structure and function. Results: Prediction tools indicated that mutations are pathogenic affecting DNMT3A function and were found in evolutionarily conserved regions. Protein stability analysis showed that mutations reduce DNMT3A's structural stability, alter secondary structure of the protein, particularly helices, interacts with other proteins and reduce protein-protein affinity. RNA folding analysis revealed abnormal folding patterns caused by mutant, affecting protein translation. DNMT3A expression was reported to be considerably greater in AML compared to normal tissues, and mutations were associated with poor overall survival in AML patients. Methylation levels and post-translational modification sites of DNMT3A were also investigated. Conclusions: Overall, this research highlighted the negative impact of DNMT3A mutations on protein structure and function, emphasizing their importance in the development and prognosis of AML. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cell malignancy of the myeloid line, characterized by fast proliferation of aberrant cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood, interfering with normal blood cell synthesis. DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase that plays a role in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene expression regulation. DNMT3A mutations are frequently found in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on protein structure and function, specifically in the context of AML. Methods: SNPs of DNMT3A gene reported in AML (R882P, R882L, R882S, R882G, and R882C) were retrieved from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and different in silico approaches were used to investigate how these mutations affect protein structure and function. Results: Prediction tools indicated that mutations are pathogenic affecting DNMT3A function and were found in evolutionarily conserved regions. Protein stability analysis showed that mutations reduce DNMT3A's structural stability, alter secondary structure of the protein, particularly helices, interacts with other proteins and reduce protein-protein affi
{"title":"Computational Exploration of Functional and Structural Impact of Single Nucleotide Changes in DNMT3A Gene among Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients","authors":"Samavia Abdulhaq, Afia Muhammad Akram, Khansa Jamil, Asma I Tahir","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.882","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cell malignancy of the myeloid line, characterized by fast proliferation of aberrant cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood, interfering with normal blood cell synthesis. DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase that plays a role in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene expression regulation. DNMT3A mutations are frequently found in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on protein structure and function, specifically in the context of AML. Methods: SNPs of DNMT3A gene reported in AML (R882P, R882L, R882S, R882G, and R882C) were retrieved from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and different in silico approaches were used to investigate how these mutations affect protein structure and function. Results: Prediction tools indicated that mutations are pathogenic affecting DNMT3A function and were found in evolutionarily conserved regions. Protein stability analysis showed that mutations reduce DNMT3A's structural stability, alter secondary structure of the protein, particularly helices, interacts with other proteins and reduce protein-protein affinity. RNA folding analysis revealed abnormal folding patterns caused by mutant, affecting protein translation. DNMT3A expression was reported to be considerably greater in AML compared to normal tissues, and mutations were associated with poor overall survival in AML patients. Methylation levels and post-translational modification sites of DNMT3A were also investigated. Conclusions: Overall, this research highlighted the negative impact of DNMT3A mutations on protein structure and function, emphasizing their importance in the development and prognosis of AML.\u0000Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a blood cell malignancy of the myeloid line, characterized by fast proliferation of aberrant cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood, interfering with normal blood cell synthesis. DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase that plays a role in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification associated with gene expression regulation. DNMT3A mutations are frequently found in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the impact of DNMT3A mutations on protein structure and function, specifically in the context of AML. Methods: SNPs of DNMT3A gene reported in AML (R882P, R882L, R882S, R882G, and R882C) were retrieved from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and different in silico approaches were used to investigate how these mutations affect protein structure and function. Results: Prediction tools indicated that mutations are pathogenic affecting DNMT3A function and were found in evolutionarily conserved regions. Protein stability analysis showed that mutations reduce DNMT3A's structural stability, alter secondary structure of the protein, particularly helices, interacts with other proteins and reduce protein-protein affi","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87602344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan, Gulnaz Kousar, Amanbekov Akylbek Amanbekovich, Munib Ashfaq
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) disorganization of glucose equilibrium distinguishes by autoimmune disruption of the insulin producing pancreatic β-cell that constantly leads to insulin scarcity and resulting hyperglycemia Objective: To determine the physiological, biochemical, and anti-oxidant status in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Methods: It is a comparative study. 60 diabetic patients and 50 Samples of healthy individuals were taken from Nawaz Sharif Hospital. Blood samples (5.0 ml) were obtained and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the serum. Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), micronutrients (Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin E) and Electrolytes was determined. Results: MDA level is progressively higher in T1DM (14.01±0.06) as compared to control group (1.27±0.21) (P- Value 0.000). GSH status is notably reduced in diabetic patients (0.15±.05) as compared to normal (6.24±0.33). Comparable anti-oxidant catalase is reduced (2.82±.04) in affected individuals as compared to normal individuals 4.19±1.09. SOD level was remarkably marked up to (13.52±3.21) in susceptible persons as compared to normal (2.15±0.23). Vitamin A level was markedly reduced to (1.62±0.26) in patients as compared to healthy individuals (7.18±0.33). Conclusions: T1DM patients particularly showed reduced amounts and competency of antioxidant protections due to elevated consumption of specific anti-oxidant components such as low level of intracellular glutathione and Catalase and primarily low levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C and exalted level of MDA, SOD and NO.
{"title":"Determination of Physiological, Biochemical and Anti-oxidative Status in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan, Gulnaz Kousar, Amanbekov Akylbek Amanbekovich, Munib Ashfaq","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.898","url":null,"abstract":"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) disorganization of glucose equilibrium distinguishes by autoimmune disruption of the insulin producing pancreatic β-cell that constantly leads to insulin scarcity and resulting hyperglycemia Objective: To determine the physiological, biochemical, and anti-oxidant status in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Methods: It is a comparative study. 60 diabetic patients and 50 Samples of healthy individuals were taken from Nawaz Sharif Hospital. Blood samples (5.0 ml) were obtained and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the serum. Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), micronutrients (Vitamin A, Vitamin C and Vitamin E) and Electrolytes was determined. Results: MDA level is progressively higher in T1DM (14.01±0.06) as compared to control group (1.27±0.21) (P- Value 0.000). GSH status is notably reduced in diabetic patients (0.15±.05) as compared to normal (6.24±0.33). Comparable anti-oxidant catalase is reduced (2.82±.04) in affected individuals as compared to normal individuals 4.19±1.09. SOD level was remarkably marked up to (13.52±3.21) in susceptible persons as compared to normal (2.15±0.23). Vitamin A level was markedly reduced to (1.62±0.26) in patients as compared to healthy individuals (7.18±0.33). Conclusions: T1DM patients particularly showed reduced amounts and competency of antioxidant protections due to elevated consumption of specific anti-oxidant components such as low level of intracellular glutathione and Catalase and primarily low levels of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C and exalted level of MDA, SOD and NO.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77007736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microarrays produces enormous amounts of information requiring a series of repeated analyses to condense data. To analyze this data several computational software is used. Objective: To compare the analysis of R and Mathematica package for differential gene expression analysis using microarray dataset. Methods: Microarray Data were collected from an online database GEO (gene expression omnibus). Mathematica and R software was used for comparative analysis. In R software, Robust Multi-Array Average (RMA), was used for data normalization. While Limma package was used for DGE analysis. In Mathematica software, AffyDGED was used for normalization and DGE analysis of dataset. Results: 3,426 non-differentially expressed genes and 14936 genes with differential expression were separated from R. The thresholds for identifying "up" and "down" gene expression were estimated to be 0.98 and -0.19, respectively, using the RMA method to analyze this dataset. AffyDGED from Mathematica detected 1,832 genes as differentially expressed; of them, 1,591 genes overlap with the real and 1,944 differently expressed genes, giving the true positive rate of (1591/1944) =0.818. This indicates that 18% of the genuine list of differentially expressed genes could not be reliably identified by AffyDGED. Conclusions: R programming is one of the most popular and recommendable tools for microarrays to perform different analysis, and along with Bioconductor it makes one of the best analysis algorithms for DGE analysis. On the other hand, AffyDGED brings a contemporary algorithm useful in the real world to the Mathematica user.
微阵列产生大量的信息，需要一系列的重复分析来压缩数据。为了分析这些数据，使用了几种计算软件。目的:比较R和Mathematica软件包对微阵列数据集差异基因表达分析的分析效果。方法:从基因表达综合数据库GEO (gene expression omnibus)中收集微阵列数据。采用Mathematica和R软件进行对比分析。在R软件中，使用鲁棒多阵列平均(Robust Multi-Array Average, RMA)进行数据归一化。采用Limma包进行DGE分析。在Mathematica软件中，使用affyged对数据集进行归一化和DGE分析。结果:从r中分离出3,426个非差异表达基因和14936个差异表达基因，使用RMA方法对该数据集进行分析，估计基因表达“向上”和“向下”的识别阈值分别为0.98和-0.19。affyged from Mathematica检测到1832个差异表达基因;其中，1591个基因与真实基因重叠，1944个基因表达不同，真阳性率为(1591/1944)=0.818。这表明18%的真正的差异表达基因列表不能被affyged可靠地识别。结论:R编程是微阵列执行不同分析的最流行和最值得推荐的工具之一，并且与Bioconductor一起成为DGE分析的最佳分析算法之一。另一方面，affyged为Mathematica用户带来了一个在现实世界中有用的现代算法。
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of R and Mathematica Package for Differential Gene Expression Analysis Using Microarray Dataset on Pancreatic Cancer","authors":"Kinza Qazi, Tehreem Anwar","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.863","url":null,"abstract":"Microarrays produces enormous amounts of information requiring a series of repeated analyses to condense data. To analyze this data several computational software is used. Objective: To compare the analysis of R and Mathematica package for differential gene expression analysis using microarray dataset. Methods: Microarray Data were collected from an online database GEO (gene expression omnibus). Mathematica and R software was used for comparative analysis. In R software, Robust Multi-Array Average (RMA), was used for data normalization. While Limma package was used for DGE analysis. In Mathematica software, AffyDGED was used for normalization and DGE analysis of dataset. Results: 3,426 non-differentially expressed genes and 14936 genes with differential expression were separated from R. The thresholds for identifying \"up\" and \"down\" gene expression were estimated to be 0.98 and -0.19, respectively, using the RMA method to analyze this dataset. AffyDGED from Mathematica detected 1,832 genes as differentially expressed; of them, 1,591 genes overlap with the real and 1,944 differently expressed genes, giving the true positive rate of (1591/1944) =0.818. This indicates that 18% of the genuine list of differentially expressed genes could not be reliably identified by AffyDGED. Conclusions: R programming is one of the most popular and recommendable tools for microarrays to perform different analysis, and along with Bioconductor it makes one of the best analysis algorithms for DGE analysis. On the other hand, AffyDGED brings a contemporary algorithm useful in the real world to the Mathematica user.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"1072 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76682377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syeda Ayesha Tariq, Muhammad Asim Amin, Afsar Ali, Kabir Ozigi Abdullai, Muhammad Afzal
Globally, the majority of demographic groups are experiencing an increase in mortality rates owing to renal illness and failure. Those who agree to donate a kidney undergo the transplantation procedure. In order to lengthen life and improve quality of life, a healthy organ is transplanted into a recipient with a damaged, failing, or dysfunctional organ. Objective: To assess knowledge of nurses regarding kidney donation in tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. For collecting data, convenient sampling technique was used. A questionnaire was used to test nurses' knowledge about kidney donation and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Most of the people who took the survey, 55%, said they knew little or nothing about kidney donation. 53 % of the patients had negative feelings about kidney organ donation, and there was no link between their knowledge and their feelings in this area. 36.9% of the people who took part in the research said that the fact that the recipient was a family member was the most important thing, and 68.6% said they would rather give their organ to a family member if they needed one. Conclusions: This study showed that nurses aren't aware of kidney donation enough and have a negative view of it. Urgent steps must be taken to change the current situation.
{"title":"Knowledge of Nurses Regarding Kidney Donation in Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore","authors":"Syeda Ayesha Tariq, Muhammad Asim Amin, Afsar Ali, Kabir Ozigi Abdullai, Muhammad Afzal","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.860","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, the majority of demographic groups are experiencing an increase in mortality rates owing to renal illness and failure. Those who agree to donate a kidney undergo the transplantation procedure. In order to lengthen life and improve quality of life, a healthy organ is transplanted into a recipient with a damaged, failing, or dysfunctional organ. Objective: To assess knowledge of nurses regarding kidney donation in tertiary care hospital. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. For collecting data, convenient sampling technique was used. A questionnaire was used to test nurses' knowledge about kidney donation and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Most of the people who took the survey, 55%, said they knew little or nothing about kidney donation. 53 % of the patients had negative feelings about kidney organ donation, and there was no link between their knowledge and their feelings in this area. 36.9% of the people who took part in the research said that the fact that the recipient was a family member was the most important thing, and 68.6% said they would rather give their organ to a family member if they needed one. Conclusions: This study showed that nurses aren't aware of kidney donation enough and have a negative view of it. Urgent steps must be taken to change the current situation.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74580946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension "the silent killer is a common and significant disorder that can lead to many health complications. World health organization (WHO) declared the hypertension as the major cause of early mortality as it is directly or indirectly associated with risks of cardiovascular disorders, stroke, angina, kidney failure, diabetes and many more. The major causes of hypertension include obesity, decrease in physical activities, smoking and alcohol consumption. High blood pressure, possibly related to the age associated with the hearing impairment because of the subsequent vasoconstriction. After arthritis and hypertension, hearing loss is one of the most continual health issues of the older persons. Demographic factors and lifestyles are usually the variable factors due to which prevalence of arterial hypertension differs worldwide. These factors include nutritional habits and physical activities. A large number of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs are being used to treat hypertension but it has been proved that changes in lifestyle are an easy way to treat hypertension
{"title":"Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention","authors":"Sumaira Mazhar, U. Rafi, A. Noreen","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i04.858","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension \"the silent killer is a common and significant disorder that can lead to many health complications. World health organization (WHO) declared the hypertension as the major cause of early mortality as it is directly or indirectly associated with risks of cardiovascular disorders, stroke, angina, kidney failure, diabetes and many more. The major causes of hypertension include obesity, decrease in physical activities, smoking and alcohol consumption. High blood pressure, possibly related to the age associated with the hearing impairment because of the subsequent vasoconstriction. After arthritis and hypertension, hearing loss is one of the most continual health issues of the older persons. Demographic factors and lifestyles are usually the variable factors due to which prevalence of arterial hypertension differs worldwide. These factors include nutritional habits and physical activities. A large number of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs are being used to treat hypertension but it has been proved that changes in lifestyle are an easy way to treat hypertension","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"11 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83506241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ali, R. Saif, Muhammad Hassan Raza, Muhammad Osama Zafar, Saeeda Zia, M. Shafiq, Tuba Ahmad, I. Anjum
SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has rapidly devastated worldwide. The lack of approved therapeutic drugs has intensified the global situation, so researchers are seeking potential treatments using regular drug agents and traditional herbs as well. Objectives: To identify new therapeutic agents from Nigella sativa against spike protein (PDB ID: 7BZ5) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The 46 compounds from N. sativa were docked with spike protein using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and compared with commercially available anti-viral drugs e.g., Arbidol, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Nelfinavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine. The Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS) analysis was also applied to determine ligand-protein complex stability. Furthermore, the pharmacological properties of compounds were also analyzed using AdmetSAR and SwissADME. Results: Out of its total 46 ligands, 8 compounds i.e., Methyl stearate, Eicosadienoic acid, Oleic acid, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid, Myristoleic acid, Palmitic acid, and Farnesol were selected for further analysis based on their minimum binding energy ranges from -7.45 to -7.07 kcal/mol. The docking scores of N. sativa phytocompounds were similar to drugs taken as control. Moreover, post simulation analysis of Methyl stearate complex predicted the most stable conformer. Conclusions: Further, in-vivo experiments are suggested to validate the medicinal use of Methyl stearate as potential inhibitors against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Computational Prediction of Nigella sativa Compounds as Potential Drug Agents for Targeting Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2","authors":"L. Ali, R. Saif, Muhammad Hassan Raza, Muhammad Osama Zafar, Saeeda Zia, M. Shafiq, Tuba Ahmad, I. Anjum","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.853","url":null,"abstract":"SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has rapidly devastated worldwide. The lack of approved therapeutic drugs has intensified the global situation, so researchers are seeking potential treatments using regular drug agents and traditional herbs as well. Objectives: To identify new therapeutic agents from Nigella sativa against spike protein (PDB ID: 7BZ5) of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The 46 compounds from N. sativa were docked with spike protein using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and compared with commercially available anti-viral drugs e.g., Arbidol, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Nelfinavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine. The Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS) analysis was also applied to determine ligand-protein complex stability. Furthermore, the pharmacological properties of compounds were also analyzed using AdmetSAR and SwissADME. Results: Out of its total 46 ligands, 8 compounds i.e., Methyl stearate, Eicosadienoic acid, Oleic acid, Stearic acid, Linoleic acid, Myristoleic acid, Palmitic acid, and Farnesol were selected for further analysis based on their minimum binding energy ranges from -7.45 to -7.07 kcal/mol. The docking scores of N. sativa phytocompounds were similar to drugs taken as control. Moreover, post simulation analysis of Methyl stearate complex predicted the most stable conformer. Conclusions: Further, in-vivo experiments are suggested to validate the medicinal use of Methyl stearate as potential inhibitors against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84966297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amna Mahmood, Malaika Ajaz, Waleed Rasool, M. Manzoor, Nida Naeem
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, scientists have applied various techniques to diagnose and treat the viral disease. However, due to the limitations of other methods, they deployed Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) system that not just successfully diagnosed but also facilitated the therapeutic treatment of the COVID-19. CRISPR-Cas9 was first identified in the bacteria E. coli, which has a unique immune system for cutting the nucleic structures of invasive species. Scientists studied the bacterial system that led to the development of an identical model, generally called the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. It has a guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 proteins; gRNA identifies and leads cas9 protein to cleave the specific sequence. This technique has dynamic applications, such as the ability to correct mutations by cleaving the mutant cells and to detect and develop optimal treatments for viral diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). Apart from the extensive advantages of CRISPR-Cas technology, there are serious concerns regarding the commercialization of this technique. A rational suggestion would be to use it to resist a pandemic like COVID-19 rather than triggering another human race of genome enhancement. This article is aimed to review the background of CRISPR-Cas9, its mechanism as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for COVID-19, whereas its limitations, future aspects, and ethical boundaries are discussed subsequently
{"title":"Current Applications and Future Perspective of CRISPR/Cas9 in the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID 19: A Review","authors":"Amna Mahmood, Malaika Ajaz, Waleed Rasool, M. Manzoor, Nida Naeem","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.855","url":null,"abstract":"Since the outbreak of COVID-19, scientists have applied various techniques to diagnose and treat the viral disease. However, due to the limitations of other methods, they deployed Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) system that not just successfully diagnosed but also facilitated the therapeutic treatment of the COVID-19. CRISPR-Cas9 was first identified in the bacteria E. coli, which has a unique immune system for cutting the nucleic structures of invasive species. Scientists studied the bacterial system that led to the development of an identical model, generally called the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. It has a guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 proteins; gRNA identifies and leads cas9 protein to cleave the specific sequence. This technique has dynamic applications, such as the ability to correct mutations by cleaving the mutant cells and to detect and develop optimal treatments for viral diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). Apart from the extensive advantages of CRISPR-Cas technology, there are serious concerns regarding the commercialization of this technique. A rational suggestion would be to use it to resist a pandemic like COVID-19 rather than triggering another human race of genome enhancement. This article is aimed to review the background of CRISPR-Cas9, its mechanism as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for COVID-19, whereas its limitations, future aspects, and ethical boundaries are discussed subsequently","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is largely used as a solvent in chemical industries. It is also well known for hepatic and renal toxic actions. It imposes serious health threats. It is also one of the major causes that is toxic for the vital organs like lungs, kidney, liver, brain, etc. Objective: To check nephrotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) on Rat Kidneys. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the animal house of the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. The targeted animal was Albino Rat. Two groups were designed control and experimental groups. The rats were fed with 30% diluted CCl4 to check the toxic effect on the kidneys and normal saline to the control group for comparison. A trial for 12 days was conducted for this purpose. Sampling or dissection was done after 12 days to determine serum Urea, Creatinine, and Electrolytes Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K). Rats were dissected and the heart was punctured to take a blood sample and to collect organs. Results: We observed the increased values of Urea, Creatinine and Electrolytes, Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K) as compared to normal values, which have proved the renal toxicity was induced by CCl4 in Albino Rats. All the experimental data were analyzed by using SPSS-19. The level of significance among the various treatments was determined by LSD at a 0.05% level of probability. Conclusions: These findings underline the substantial health risks that CCl4 poses and emphasize the necessity of putting preventative measures and safety regulations in place.
{"title":"Renal Toxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in Experimental Model","authors":"Mirza Fahad Baig, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v6i3.897","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is largely used as a solvent in chemical industries. It is also well known for hepatic and renal toxic actions. It imposes serious health threats. It is also one of the major causes that is toxic for the vital organs like lungs, kidney, liver, brain, etc. Objective: To check nephrotoxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) on Rat Kidneys. Methods: The experiment was conducted at the animal house of the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. The targeted animal was Albino Rat. Two groups were designed control and experimental groups. The rats were fed with 30% diluted CCl4 to check the toxic effect on the kidneys and normal saline to the control group for comparison. A trial for 12 days was conducted for this purpose. Sampling or dissection was done after 12 days to determine serum Urea, Creatinine, and Electrolytes Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K). Rats were dissected and the heart was punctured to take a blood sample and to collect organs. Results: We observed the increased values of Urea, Creatinine and Electrolytes, Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K) as compared to normal values, which have proved the renal toxicity was induced by CCl4 in Albino Rats. All the experimental data were analyzed by using SPSS-19. The level of significance among the various treatments was determined by LSD at a 0.05% level of probability. Conclusions: These findings underline the substantial health risks that CCl4 poses and emphasize the necessity of putting preventative measures and safety regulations in place.","PeriodicalId":19844,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan BioMedical Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91263587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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