We demonstrate three microfluidic chip based microfiber/nanofiber sensors for ultra-sensitive absorption, fluorescence, and femtoliter-scale sensing, respectively. The sensors shown here may open up new opportunities for ultra-sensitive biosensing and single molecule analysis.
{"title":"Microfluidic chip based microfiber/nanofiber sensors","authors":"Lei Zhang, L. Tong","doi":"10.1117/12.2264873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264873","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate three microfluidic chip based microfiber/nanofiber sensors for ultra-sensitive absorption, fluorescence, and femtoliter-scale sensing, respectively. The sensors shown here may open up new opportunities for ultra-sensitive biosensing and single molecule analysis.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115349585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) sensors are applied to Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator(GMA) to obtain the multi-physics field factors, which are the basis of data driven model. The real working circumstance of GMA is complex and nonlinear, and the traditional theoretical physics model of GMA cannot satisfy it. Hence, the multi-physics field factors of the components of GMA in real working process are gathered real-time by FBG sensors, such as temperature of Giant Magnetostrictive Material(GMM) stick and coil, displacement and vibration of GMM stick, current of coil etc, which are utilized to represent the strong nonlinear characteristics of GMA. Furthermore, the data driven model of GMA is built with the Least Squares Support Vector Machine(LS-SVM) method based on multi-physics field factors. The performance of the novel GMA model is evaluated by experiment, its maximum error is 1.1% with frequency range from 0 to 1000Hz and temperature range from 20°C to 100°C.
{"title":"Research on multi-physics field factors and data driven model of giant magnetostrictive actuator based on FBG sensors","authors":"P. Han, Guanlin Du","doi":"10.1117/12.2261606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2261606","url":null,"abstract":"The Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) sensors are applied to Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator(GMA) to obtain the multi-physics field factors, which are the basis of data driven model. The real working circumstance of GMA is complex and nonlinear, and the traditional theoretical physics model of GMA cannot satisfy it. Hence, the multi-physics field factors of the components of GMA in real working process are gathered real-time by FBG sensors, such as temperature of Giant Magnetostrictive Material(GMM) stick and coil, displacement and vibration of GMM stick, current of coil etc, which are utilized to represent the strong nonlinear characteristics of GMA. Furthermore, the data driven model of GMA is built with the Least Squares Support Vector Machine(LS-SVM) method based on multi-physics field factors. The performance of the novel GMA model is evaluated by experiment, its maximum error is 1.1% with frequency range from 0 to 1000Hz and temperature range from 20°C to 100°C.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114776356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 9.5-m continuous chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) interrogated with an optical frequency domain reflectometer is used for strain and temperature measurements. The spatial resolution is 4 mm and the noise level is 0.1 K corresponding to 1 μstrain. The strain profile is also derived from the optical reflection spectrum alone, and the results are in good agreement with the profile obtained from the optical frequency domain reflectometer. A CFBG in combination with a high-resolution interrogator can therefore enable a cost-efficient continuous strain sensor.
{"title":"Strain and temperature measurement using a 9.5-m continuous chirped fiber Bragg grating with millimeter resolution","authors":"K. Fröjdh, G. Hedin, S. Helmfrid","doi":"10.1117/12.2265602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265602","url":null,"abstract":"A 9.5-m continuous chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) interrogated with an optical frequency domain reflectometer is used for strain and temperature measurements. The spatial resolution is 4 mm and the noise level is 0.1 K corresponding to 1 μstrain. The strain profile is also derived from the optical reflection spectrum alone, and the results are in good agreement with the profile obtained from the optical frequency domain reflectometer. A CFBG in combination with a high-resolution interrogator can therefore enable a cost-efficient continuous strain sensor.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"21 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113935705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature and strain discrimination is experimentally demonstrated in an elliptical-core polarization-maintaining fiber by making use of Rayleigh-based distributed birefringence measurements and the frequency shift of the correlation peak obtained by standard coherent optical time-domain reflectometry. The high sensitivity of coherent Rayleigh sensing and the very distinct behavior of birefringence makes the two quantities clearly discriminated, resulting in temperature and strain accuracies of ∼ 40 mK and ∼ 0.5 με, respectively, for distributed measurements with a 2 m spatial resolution.
{"title":"Discrimination of temperature and strain by combined refractive index and birefringence measurements using coherent Rayleigh sensing","authors":"Xin Lu, M. Soto, L. Thévenaz","doi":"10.1117/12.2264636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2264636","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature and strain discrimination is experimentally demonstrated in an elliptical-core polarization-maintaining fiber by making use of Rayleigh-based distributed birefringence measurements and the frequency shift of the correlation peak obtained by standard coherent optical time-domain reflectometry. The high sensitivity of coherent Rayleigh sensing and the very distinct behavior of birefringence makes the two quantities clearly discriminated, resulting in temperature and strain accuracies of ∼ 40 mK and ∼ 0.5 με, respectively, for distributed measurements with a 2 m spatial resolution.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117187322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the fabrication of a novel refractive index sensor based on helical long period grating (HLPG) written in a dual-hole elliptical core fiber (DHECF) was demonstrated and the sensing characteristic was experimentally investigated. Due to the structure of the DHECF, The proposed HLPG sensor could work with ultra-small dose testing samples. In addition, since the sample is isolated from the external environment, the testing is immunity to the external interference. The experimental results showed that the testing sensitivity of the sensor was 194nm/RIU with the refractive index range of 1.333 to 1.385. The proposed structure will have a good practicability in the microfluidic sensing system.
{"title":"Refractive index sensor based on helical long period grating based on dual-hole elliptical core fiber","authors":"Chao Liu, Yu Zhang, Zhihai Liu, Yaxun Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2267548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267548","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the fabrication of a novel refractive index sensor based on helical long period grating (HLPG) written in a dual-hole elliptical core fiber (DHECF) was demonstrated and the sensing characteristic was experimentally investigated. Due to the structure of the DHECF, The proposed HLPG sensor could work with ultra-small dose testing samples. In addition, since the sample is isolated from the external environment, the testing is immunity to the external interference. The experimental results showed that the testing sensitivity of the sensor was 194nm/RIU with the refractive index range of 1.333 to 1.385. The proposed structure will have a good practicability in the microfluidic sensing system.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"806 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117289082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose and demonstrate a miniature Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometric sensor based on a hollow glass microsphere (HGM) for highly sensitive temperature measurement. The sensor head is fabricated by sticking a HGM on the end face of a single-mode fiber, and it consists of a short air F-P cavity between the front and the rear surfaces of the HGM. A sensor with 135.7280-μm cavity length was tested for temperature measurement from −5 °C to 50 °C. The obtained sensitivity reached up to 24.5 pm/°C and the variation rate of the HGM-F-P's cavity length was2.1 nm/°C. The advantages of compact size, easy fabrication and low cost make the sensor suitable for highly sensitive temperature sensing.
{"title":"Hollow-glass-microsphere-structured Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor for highly sensitive temperature measurement","authors":"Junna Cheng, Ciming Zhou, D. Fan, Y. Ou","doi":"10.1117/12.2267518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267518","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and demonstrate a miniature Fabry-Perot (F-P) interferometric sensor based on a hollow glass microsphere (HGM) for highly sensitive temperature measurement. The sensor head is fabricated by sticking a HGM on the end face of a single-mode fiber, and it consists of a short air F-P cavity between the front and the rear surfaces of the HGM. A sensor with 135.7280-μm cavity length was tested for temperature measurement from −5 °C to 50 °C. The obtained sensitivity reached up to 24.5 pm/°C and the variation rate of the HGM-F-P's cavity length was2.1 nm/°C. The advantages of compact size, easy fabrication and low cost make the sensor suitable for highly sensitive temperature sensing.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123715372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Madugani, S. Kasumie, Yong Yang, J. Ward, F. Lei, Síle Nic Chormaic
In recent years, whispering gallery mode devices have extended their functionality across a number of research fields from photonics to sensing applications. Here, we will discuss environmental sensing applications, such as pressure, flow, and temperature using ultrahigh Q-factor microspheres fabricated from ultrathin optical fiber and microbubbles fabricated from pretapered glass capillary. We will discuss device fabrication and the different types of sensing that can be pursued using such systems. Finally, we will introduce the concept of using cavity ring-up spectroscopy to perform dispersive transient sensing, whereby a perturbation to the environment leads to a frequency mode shift, and dissipative transient sensing, which can lead to broadening of the mode, in a whispering gallery mode resonator.
{"title":"Whispering gallery resonators for optical sensing","authors":"R. Madugani, S. Kasumie, Yong Yang, J. Ward, F. Lei, Síle Nic Chormaic","doi":"10.1117/12.2272457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272457","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, whispering gallery mode devices have extended their functionality across a number of research fields from photonics to sensing applications. Here, we will discuss environmental sensing applications, such as pressure, flow, and temperature using ultrahigh Q-factor microspheres fabricated from ultrathin optical fiber and microbubbles fabricated from pretapered glass capillary. We will discuss device fabrication and the different types of sensing that can be pursued using such systems. Finally, we will introduce the concept of using cavity ring-up spectroscopy to perform dispersive transient sensing, whereby a perturbation to the environment leads to a frequency mode shift, and dissipative transient sensing, which can lead to broadening of the mode, in a whispering gallery mode resonator.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Marć, N. Przybysz, K. Stasiewicz, L. Jaroszewicz
In the paper we have presented a multilevel temperature threshold sensor. The sensor's transducers were made by filling a commercially available Photonic Crystal Fiber — LMA-10. As a filling material we used a selected group of n-alkanes with different melting points. We have prepared a set of transducers and they were tested in an intensity based sensor configuration. The experimental results of the four transducers' sensors showed that it is possible to distinguish five threshold levels from the sensor output signal which were correlated with measured temperatures of ON and OFF states for particular transducers.
{"title":"Multilevel temperature threshold sensor based on Photonic Crystal Fiber transducers","authors":"P. Marć, N. Przybysz, K. Stasiewicz, L. Jaroszewicz","doi":"10.1117/12.2262101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262101","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper we have presented a multilevel temperature threshold sensor. The sensor's transducers were made by filling a commercially available Photonic Crystal Fiber — LMA-10. As a filling material we used a selected group of n-alkanes with different melting points. We have prepared a set of transducers and they were tested in an intensity based sensor configuration. The experimental results of the four transducers' sensors showed that it is possible to distinguish five threshold levels from the sensor output signal which were correlated with measured temperatures of ON and OFF states for particular transducers.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123528410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Martins, K. Shi, B. Thomsen, S. Martín-López, M. González-Herráez, S. Savory
Recently, it has been demonstrated that by recovering the amplitude and phase of the backscattered optical signal, a ΦOTDR using pulse coding can be treated as a fully linear system in terms of trace coding/decoding, thus allowing for the use of tens of thousands of bits with a dramatic improvement of the system performance. In this communication, as a continuation of previous work by the same authors, a preliminary study aiming at characterizing the limits of the system in terms of maximum usable code length is presented. Using a code exceeding 1 million bits over a duration of 0.26ms, it is observed that fiber optical path variations exceeding ≈π occurring over a time inferior to the pulse code length can lead to localized fading in the ΦOTDR trace. The occurrence, positions and form of the fading points along the ΦOTDR trace is observed to be strongly dependent on the type, frequency and amplitude of the perturbations applied to the fiber.
{"title":"Code length limit in phase-sensitive OTDR using ultralong (>1M bits) pulse sequences due to fading induced by fiber optical path drifts","authors":"H. Martins, K. Shi, B. Thomsen, S. Martín-López, M. González-Herráez, S. Savory","doi":"10.1117/12.2263117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263117","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, it has been demonstrated that by recovering the amplitude and phase of the backscattered optical signal, a ΦOTDR using pulse coding can be treated as a fully linear system in terms of trace coding/decoding, thus allowing for the use of tens of thousands of bits with a dramatic improvement of the system performance. In this communication, as a continuation of previous work by the same authors, a preliminary study aiming at characterizing the limits of the system in terms of maximum usable code length is presented. Using a code exceeding 1 million bits over a duration of 0.26ms, it is observed that fiber optical path variations exceeding ≈π occurring over a time inferior to the pulse code length can lead to localized fading in the ΦOTDR trace. The occurrence, positions and form of the fading points along the ΦOTDR trace is observed to be strongly dependent on the type, frequency and amplitude of the perturbations applied to the fiber.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123549779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max Koeppel, R. Engelbrecht, S. Werzinger, B. Schmauss
In this work, a fiber identification method based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (lOFDR) measurements is introduced. The proposed method uses the characteristic interference pattern of IOFDR Rayleigh backscatter measurements with a broadband light source to unambiguously recognize different initially scanned fiber segments. The recognition is achieved by crosscorrelating the spatially resolved Rayleigh backscatter profile of the fiber segment under test with a initially measured and stored backscatter profile. This profile was found to be relatively insensitive to temperature changes. It is shown that identification is possible even if the fiber segment in question is installed subsequent to 300 m of lead fiber.
{"title":"Fiber sensor identification based on incoherent Rayleigh backscatter measurements in the frequency domain","authors":"Max Koeppel, R. Engelbrecht, S. Werzinger, B. Schmauss","doi":"10.1117/12.2263459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263459","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a fiber identification method based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (lOFDR) measurements is introduced. The proposed method uses the characteristic interference pattern of IOFDR Rayleigh backscatter measurements with a broadband light source to unambiguously recognize different initially scanned fiber segments. The recognition is achieved by crosscorrelating the spatially resolved Rayleigh backscatter profile of the fiber segment under test with a initially measured and stored backscatter profile. This profile was found to be relatively insensitive to temperature changes. It is shown that identification is possible even if the fiber segment in question is installed subsequent to 300 m of lead fiber.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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