R. Madugani, S. Kasumie, Yong Yang, J. Ward, F. Lei, Síle Nic Chormaic
In recent years, whispering gallery mode devices have extended their functionality across a number of research fields from photonics to sensing applications. Here, we will discuss environmental sensing applications, such as pressure, flow, and temperature using ultrahigh Q-factor microspheres fabricated from ultrathin optical fiber and microbubbles fabricated from pretapered glass capillary. We will discuss device fabrication and the different types of sensing that can be pursued using such systems. Finally, we will introduce the concept of using cavity ring-up spectroscopy to perform dispersive transient sensing, whereby a perturbation to the environment leads to a frequency mode shift, and dissipative transient sensing, which can lead to broadening of the mode, in a whispering gallery mode resonator.
{"title":"Whispering gallery resonators for optical sensing","authors":"R. Madugani, S. Kasumie, Yong Yang, J. Ward, F. Lei, Síle Nic Chormaic","doi":"10.1117/12.2272457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272457","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, whispering gallery mode devices have extended their functionality across a number of research fields from photonics to sensing applications. Here, we will discuss environmental sensing applications, such as pressure, flow, and temperature using ultrahigh Q-factor microspheres fabricated from ultrathin optical fiber and microbubbles fabricated from pretapered glass capillary. We will discuss device fabrication and the different types of sensing that can be pursued using such systems. Finally, we will introduce the concept of using cavity ring-up spectroscopy to perform dispersive transient sensing, whereby a perturbation to the environment leads to a frequency mode shift, and dissipative transient sensing, which can lead to broadening of the mode, in a whispering gallery mode resonator.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myeong Ock Ko, Sung-Jo Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, M. Jeon
We measure the pitch variation of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) according to the applied electric field using a wavelength-swept laser. While the electric field is applied to the CLC, the pitch of the CLC is elongated normal to the direction of electric field. Therefore, the reflection band is shifted to the longer wavelength. When the applied electric field to the CLC cell was over 1.52 V/μm, the reflection band was changed to the longer wavelength of about 75.1 nm. We believe that the dynamic behavior of the CLC can be analyzed if a high-speed wavelength-swept laser is used as an optical source.
{"title":"Measuring of the pitch variation of cholesteric liquid crystals under electric field using wavelength-swept laser","authors":"Myeong Ock Ko, Sung-Jo Kim, Jong-Hyun Kim, M. Jeon","doi":"10.1117/12.2265461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265461","url":null,"abstract":"We measure the pitch variation of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) according to the applied electric field using a wavelength-swept laser. While the electric field is applied to the CLC, the pitch of the CLC is elongated normal to the direction of electric field. Therefore, the reflection band is shifted to the longer wavelength. When the applied electric field to the CLC cell was over 1.52 V/μm, the reflection band was changed to the longer wavelength of about 75.1 nm. We believe that the dynamic behavior of the CLC can be analyzed if a high-speed wavelength-swept laser is used as an optical source.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134483481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Martelli, J. D. da Silva, D. Pipa, M. D. da Silva, C. Zamarreño, J. Canning, P. E. Schaphauser, Guilherme Dutra, Rafael J. Daciuk, J. R. Galvão, F. Mezzadri, A. B. Renzo, U. Dreyer, G. Weber, César Janeczko, Otoniel G. da Rocha
The use of photonic sensors to monitor horses is presented and reviewed. Results are very promising and can be used in other areas to monitor animals, machines or industrial processes.
{"title":"Photonic sensors: From horse racing to horse power","authors":"C. Martelli, J. D. da Silva, D. Pipa, M. D. da Silva, C. Zamarreño, J. Canning, P. E. Schaphauser, Guilherme Dutra, Rafael J. Daciuk, J. R. Galvão, F. Mezzadri, A. B. Renzo, U. Dreyer, G. Weber, César Janeczko, Otoniel G. da Rocha","doi":"10.1117/12.2272465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2272465","url":null,"abstract":"The use of photonic sensors to monitor horses is presented and reviewed. Results are very promising and can be used in other areas to monitor animals, machines or industrial processes.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134569249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, an impact monitoring system using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and vibro-haptic actuators have been introduced. The system is suggested for structural health monitoring (SHM) for unmmaned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by making a decision with human-robot interaction. The system is composed with two major subsystems; an on-board system equipped on UAV and an arm-wearable interface for ground pilot. The on-board system acquires impact-induced wavelength changes and performs localization process, which was developed based on arrival time calculation. The arm-wearable interface helps ground pilots to make decision about impact location themselves by stimulating their tactile-sense with motor vibration.
{"title":"An arm wearable haptic interface for impact sensing on unmanned aerial vehicles","authors":"Yunshil Choi, Seung-Chan Hong, Jung‐Ryul Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.2265373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265373","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an impact monitoring system using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and vibro-haptic actuators have been introduced. The system is suggested for structural health monitoring (SHM) for unmmaned aerial vehicles (UAVs), by making a decision with human-robot interaction. The system is composed with two major subsystems; an on-board system equipped on UAV and an arm-wearable interface for ground pilot. The on-board system acquires impact-induced wavelength changes and performs localization process, which was developed based on arrival time calculation. The arm-wearable interface helps ground pilots to make decision about impact location themselves by stimulating their tactile-sense with motor vibration.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134506479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rodríguez-Cuevas, L. Rodríguez-Cobo, M. Lomer, J. López-Higuera
Surveillance is becoming more and more important in the recent years. In many cities, cameras have been set to look after parks, streets, roads, facilities and so on, however this fact is rising concerns about privacy. In this work, an alternative surveillance method which gather at once security and privacy has been propose and tested. Based on fiber optic specklegram technology; a system consisting of a fiber optic, a coherent light source and a photodetector has been placed under a carpet for detecting people walking over it and its accuracy, regarding measuring the steps, have been measured. Results suggest that using low exposed geometries along the carpet and basic processing methods, it is possible to detect with more than 95% of accuracy the number of steps done by the person walking over the carpet.
{"title":"Safe and private pedestrian detection by a low-cost fiber-optic specklegram","authors":"A. Rodríguez-Cuevas, L. Rodríguez-Cobo, M. Lomer, J. López-Higuera","doi":"10.1117/12.2263440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263440","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance is becoming more and more important in the recent years. In many cities, cameras have been set to look after parks, streets, roads, facilities and so on, however this fact is rising concerns about privacy. In this work, an alternative surveillance method which gather at once security and privacy has been propose and tested. Based on fiber optic specklegram technology; a system consisting of a fiber optic, a coherent light source and a photodetector has been placed under a carpet for detecting people walking over it and its accuracy, regarding measuring the steps, have been measured. Results suggest that using low exposed geometries along the carpet and basic processing methods, it is possible to detect with more than 95% of accuracy the number of steps done by the person walking over the carpet.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132219484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ruiz-Lombera, L. Rodríguez-Cobo, J. Mirapeix, J. López-Higuera
In this paper we present the employment of an Erbium Fiber Ring Laser structure working on the Single Longitudinal Mode regime within a Brillouin optical time domain analyzer. An analysis of some key laser parameters will be carried out, proving that a very stable operation is achieved. The associated performance of the BOTDA system, as well as the possible benefits derived from the use of the proposed laser design will also be discussed.
{"title":"Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer with a fiber ring laser working on the SLM regime","authors":"R. Ruiz-Lombera, L. Rodríguez-Cobo, J. Mirapeix, J. López-Higuera","doi":"10.1117/12.2265443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265443","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the employment of an Erbium Fiber Ring Laser structure working on the Single Longitudinal Mode regime within a Brillouin optical time domain analyzer. An analysis of some key laser parameters will be carried out, proving that a very stable operation is achieved. The associated performance of the BOTDA system, as well as the possible benefits derived from the use of the proposed laser design will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133468807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xian Zhou, Y. Dai, Fufei Liu, Joseph Muna Karanja, Meng Zou
The method of fabricating phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PSFBG) that does not need a phase mask by femtosecond laser (fs) post-processing is demonstrated. A central region of standard single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is irradiated by fs laser. A rotating jig is designed to hold and rotate the fiber when the fiber is irradiated by laser. The bandwidth of transmission peak of PSFBG and the transmission loss is growing with increasing of laser energy. PSFBG produced by this method is simple, fast and reproducible.
{"title":"Femtosecond laser inscription of phase-shifted grating by post-processing","authors":"Xian Zhou, Y. Dai, Fufei Liu, Joseph Muna Karanja, Meng Zou","doi":"10.1117/12.2257105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2257105","url":null,"abstract":"The method of fabricating phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PSFBG) that does not need a phase mask by femtosecond laser (fs) post-processing is demonstrated. A central region of standard single mode fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is irradiated by fs laser. A rotating jig is designed to hold and rotate the fiber when the fiber is irradiated by laser. The bandwidth of transmission peak of PSFBG and the transmission loss is growing with increasing of laser energy. PSFBG produced by this method is simple, fast and reproducible.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131896187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Aldaba, J. Auguste, R. Jamier, P. Roy, M. López-Amo
In this paper, a new sensor system for simultaneous and quasi-independent strain and temperature measurements is presented. The interrogation of the sensing head has been carried out by monitoring the FFT phase variations of two of the microstructured optical fiber (MOF) cavity interference frequencies. This method is independent of the signal amplitude and also avoids the need to track the wavelength evolution in the spectrum, which can be a handicap when there are multiple interference frequency components with different sensitivities. The sensor is operated within a range of temperature of 30°C–75°C, and 380με of maximum strain were applied; being the sensitivities achieved of 127.5pm/°C and −19.1pm/με respectively. Because the system uses an optical interrogator as unique active element, the system presents a cost-effective feature.
{"title":"Simultaneous and quasi-independent strain and temperature sensor based on microstructured optical fiber","authors":"A. L. Aldaba, J. Auguste, R. Jamier, P. Roy, M. López-Amo","doi":"10.1117/12.2265052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265052","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new sensor system for simultaneous and quasi-independent strain and temperature measurements is presented. The interrogation of the sensing head has been carried out by monitoring the FFT phase variations of two of the microstructured optical fiber (MOF) cavity interference frequencies. This method is independent of the signal amplitude and also avoids the need to track the wavelength evolution in the spectrum, which can be a handicap when there are multiple interference frequency components with different sensitivities. The sensor is operated within a range of temperature of 30°C–75°C, and 380με of maximum strain were applied; being the sensitivities achieved of 127.5pm/°C and −19.1pm/με respectively. Because the system uses an optical interrogator as unique active element, the system presents a cost-effective feature.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132872441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strain-temperature cross-sensitivity effect on Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) in plastic optical fibers (POFs) is fully investigated. First, we show that the strain coefficient of the BFS is dependent on temperature. In the strain ranges of 0–1.2% and 4.0–9.0%, the temperature dependence is linear with coefficients of 1.5 MHz/%/°C and −0.4 MHz/%/°C, respectively. We then find that the temperature coefficient of the BFS is linearly dependent on strain with a coefficient of 1.5 MHz/°C/% in the strain range from 0 to 1.2%. For 4.0–9.0% strains, the BFS basically decreases with increasing temperature. These results indicate that temperature (and strain) compensation for the strain (and temperature) sensitivity of the BFS is required to correctly detect the strain and temperature magnitude in POF-based Brillouin sensing. We also show that temperature sensing with no sensitivity to strain is potentially feasible by using POFs pre-strained for >13%.
{"title":"Clarification of strain-temperature cross-sensitivity effect on Brillouin frequency shift in plastic optical fibers","authors":"K. Minakawa, Y. Mizuno, Kentaro Nakamura","doi":"10.1117/12.2267288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2267288","url":null,"abstract":"The strain-temperature cross-sensitivity effect on Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) in plastic optical fibers (POFs) is fully investigated. First, we show that the strain coefficient of the BFS is dependent on temperature. In the strain ranges of 0–1.2% and 4.0–9.0%, the temperature dependence is linear with coefficients of 1.5 MHz/%/°C and −0.4 MHz/%/°C, respectively. We then find that the temperature coefficient of the BFS is linearly dependent on strain with a coefficient of 1.5 MHz/°C/% in the strain range from 0 to 1.2%. For 4.0–9.0% strains, the BFS basically decreases with increasing temperature. These results indicate that temperature (and strain) compensation for the strain (and temperature) sensitivity of the BFS is required to correctly detect the strain and temperature magnitude in POF-based Brillouin sensing. We also show that temperature sensing with no sensitivity to strain is potentially feasible by using POFs pre-strained for >13%.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132730970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youngmin Kim, S. Ju, Seongmook Jeong, Seung Ho Lee, Youngwoong Kim, W. Han
Effect of fluorine (F) doping in the core of a birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) on sensing capability of temperature and strain was investigated by using Sagnac loop interferometry. The birefringence of the F-doped PCF was measured to be 1.56χ10−4 at 1550 nm and the temperature and the strain sensitivities of the F-doped PCF were found to increase from −9.6 pm/°C/m to −34 pm/°C/m and from 3.5 pm/με to 6.3 pm/με, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of F doping in the core of a birefringent photonic crystal fiber on sensing capability of temperature and strain sensors","authors":"Youngmin Kim, S. Ju, Seongmook Jeong, Seung Ho Lee, Youngwoong Kim, W. Han","doi":"10.1117/12.2265539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2265539","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of fluorine (F) doping in the core of a birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) on sensing capability of temperature and strain was investigated by using Sagnac loop interferometry. The birefringence of the F-doped PCF was measured to be 1.56χ10<sup>−4</sup> at 1550 nm and the temperature and the strain sensitivities of the F-doped PCF were found to increase from −9.6 pm/°C/m to −34 pm/°C/m and from 3.5 pm/με to 6.3 pm/με, respectively.","PeriodicalId":198716,"journal":{"name":"2017 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122305401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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