PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)最新文献

{"title":"Analisis Total Fenol Dan Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack)","authors":"Nurfijrin Ramadhani, A. Samudra, Reza Pertiwi, Cyntia Dwi Utami, Annisa Muslimah, Wafa Syahidah, Petri Siti Khodijah","doi":"10.30595/pharmacy.v19i1.12554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v19i1.12554","url":null,"abstract":"Daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) memiliki aktivitas dan kandungan antioksidan yang kuat yang terkait dengan kadar fenol dan flavonoid, namun pada kulit batang penelitian masih terbatas. Kandungan fenol dan flavonoid di dalam kulit batang sungkai diharapkan dapat menjadi sumber alam pengembangan obat sintesis dan suplemen.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan metabolit sekunder kulit batang sungkai dan menetapkan kadar fenol dan flavonoid kulit batang sungkai. Metode penelitian ini dengan mengekstrak kulit batang sungkai yang telah dirajang dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol etanol 70%. Selanjutnya hasil ekstraksi diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak kulit batang sungkai diskrining fitokimia dengan pereaksi warna serta diuji kandungan fenol total dan flavonoid total dengan metode kolorimetri. Pereaksi Folin–Ciocalteu digunakan sebagai pengompleks senyawa fenolik dan menggunakan baku pembanding asam galat. Penentuan kadar total flavonoid menggunakan metode alumunium klorida dan standar kuersetin sebagai baku pembanding. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ekstrak kulit batang sungkai positif fenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, dan saponin. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh total fenol ekstrak kulit batang 14.97±1.28 mg ekuivalen asam galat/ g ekstrak sedangkan total flavonoid sebesar 29.41±0.64 mg ekuivalen kuersetin/ g ekstrak.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82336437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of lotion preparations as emollients from pure palm oil and crude palm oil","authors":"Uce Lestari, S. Syamsurizal, Fadhilah Yahya, A. Fudholi","doi":"10.30595/pharmacy.v19i1.6574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30595/pharmacy.v19i1.6574","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil is naturally red due to the high content of beta carotene. Most of the fatty acids in crude palm oil (CPO) are saturated fatty acids, namely palmitic acid (32-59%), while that in pure palm oil (PPO) is linoleic acid (5-11%). Fatty acids function as a moisturizer for the skin. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of lotion preparations as emollients from pure palm oil and crude palm oil. The concentration of CPO and PPO in the lotions was 5 and 15% using the oil in water (O/W) base. The effectiveness of lotion preparations as emollients was based on descriptive data from 10 panelists whose skin moisture was tested using a skin analyzer. The result showed that lotions prepared with CPO and PPO at concentrations of 5 and 15% exerted a moisture content of more than 50% in the moist skin category.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89705037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efektivitas Dan Keamanan Terapi dengan Rejimen Bedaquiline dalam Terapi Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (TB-MDR): Kajian Sistematis","authors":"I. G. A. Ari Kusuma Yana, Fauna Herawati","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.8","url":null,"abstract":"MDR-TB is a tuberculosis disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin with or without resistance to other first-line drugs. The development of drug-resistant tuberculosis is causing worldwide concern. Globally in 2019, almost half a million TB sufferers of which 78% had MDR-TB. In recent years, MDR-TB patients increased by 10% from 186,883 patients in 2018 to 206,030 in 2019. Bedaquiline has been recommended by WHO guidelines. Studies related to the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline are still few so that there is a need for qualified information to prepare a country, especially Indonesia, for the use of Bedaquiline therapy, especially since Indonesia is ranked second out of two-thirds of the total global TB. Objective: to describe the effectiveness and safety of Bedaquiline in combination therapy for the treatment of MDR-TB. Methods: The literature search was carried out independently by researchers using the online databases of Science Direct, Pubmed, and Cochrane without restrictions on the type of research and year of publication. The keywords used in this study were combined with Boolean operators, namely “bedaquiline” AND “tuberculosis” AND “multi-drug resistant”. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, the intervention of giving Bedaquiline for 24 weeks can reduce the average time of culture conversion by about 60-85 days. The percentage of culture conversion rate was higher with Bedaquiline (range 70-85%) than placebo (58%). The most common side effects are nausea and hyperuricemia. The majority of studies report a prolongation of the QT interval in patients treated with Bedaquiline. Conclusion: This systematic review showed that Bedaquiline is effective and safe to use in the treatment of MDR-TB. However, serious side effects of QT prolongation occurred in some respondents treated with Bedaquiline. Further studies need to be conducted to monitor the side effects of QT prolongation associated with the administration of Bedaquiline in the treatment of MDR-TB.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72911492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluasi Parameter Mutu Ekstrak Air Daun Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn)","authors":"Hadi Kuncoro, Mutia Nur Sopiati, Hifdzur Rashif Rijai, Risna Agustina","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.6","url":null,"abstract":"Tahongai (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) is a medicinal plant that has various properties. This study aims to determine standardization parameters the tahongai aqueous extract. The research method was carried out by macroscopic and microscopic observations on Tahongai powder, then extracted by infusion method. The aqueous extract was then subjected to organoleptic determination, identification of secondary metabolites, determination of water soluble content and determination of water content, heavy metal contamination determination, and microbial contamination test. The result for determination of standardization parameter were: yield of the infusion was 10.38961%. Organoleptic test showed solid form, medium characteristic odor, black color and bitter taste. Identification of secondary metabolites showed a group of secondary metabolites of saponins and triterpenoids. Determination of the water soluble extract content 11.648% and the water content 10.328%. Heavy metal contamination Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and As respectively were <0.0001; <0.0001; 0.9167; 49.2815; <0.0001 and 44.1774 mg/Kg. Then on microbial contamination, the result was 8.8 x 103 colonies/g. Based on PERKABPOM No. 12 of 2014, the water extract of tahongai meets the minimum quality requirements for heavy metal content and microbial contamination.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89346690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Kinerja Instalasi Farmasi RSU Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dengan Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard","authors":"Ika Ratna Hidayati, Rizka Novia Atmadani, Desy Nurita, Fatbela Zulfa Mazida, Vita Maulidya Aristawaty","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.9","url":null,"abstract":"The Pharmacy Installation of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital has never conducted a performance measurement so it is not known how far the management has succeeded in achieving the organization's vision and goals. In addition, performance measurement is also needed to support the hospital accreditation process. This study was conducted to analyze the performance of the Pharmacy Installation of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital with a balanced scorecard approach from growth and learning perspective, internal business perspective and costumer perspective. This research was conducted in a non-experimental descriptive for growth and learning perspectives with research variables employee satisfaction, work spirit, and retention rate of IFRSU UMM employees. In the internal business perspective, the research was conducted observationally and analyzed descriptively with the research variables, dispensing time, level of drug availability, and drug information services. From the customer perspective was conducted in a non-experimental, quantitative analytical descriptive with research variables customer satisfaction and customer growth. The data was collected with retrospective and prospective methods. This research used both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data was obtained by interview. Quantitative data was obtained by questionnaires and direct observation. The results of performance research on the growth and learning perspective of employee satisfaction indicators are satisfaction with a total value of 2,724, the indicator of work spirit is high with an average total score of 3.14 and the indicator of the retention rate of IFRSU UMM employees is at a normal value with an average turnover percentage of 7.88%. The results of the performance study on the internal business perspective showed that the dispensing time indicators for regular prescriptions is 22 minutes and 32 minutes for compound prescriptions. Percentage of drug availability is 100% and the results of the evaluation study of drug information services indicators have been implemented 100%, but there are information components that are not conveyed such as dosage, side effects, duration of use, and drug storage methods. The performance customer perspective of customer satisfaction indicators with the Servqual method obtained a negative gap value indicating customers are not satisfied. Analysis using the IPA method obtained the average percentage level of conformity showed was 93,00% where the results were in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 129 of 2008 concerning Hospital MSS. Analysis of customer growth indicators showed that the percentage results in 2019 were 101,39% and in 2020 it was 100,35%, exceeding the range of good criteria. It can be concluded the performance of the Pharmacy Installation of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital is quite good, but it is necessary to optimize an","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76749501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Kombinasi Matriks terhadap Karakter Tablet Metformin HCl Lepas Lambat Sistem Floating Effervescent","authors":"Melati Permata Hati, Yandi Syukri, Bambang Hernawan Nugroho","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.3","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to prepare and evaluate of sustained release metformin HCl tablet with floating system. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation using HPMC K4M and chitosan as matrixes with proportions (w/w) 17.78%:4.44%; 14.44%:7.78%; 11.11%:11.11% ;7.78%;14.44%; 4.44%:17.78%. The tablets were evaluated of weight variation, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro floating and drug release studies. The dissolution study had been carried out for 6 hours using USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle) in 900 ml HCl pH 3.0 media at 37±0.50C. All tablet formulas showed closed similarity with the requirement physical tablet of United State Pharmacopea (USP) and Farmakope Indonesia reference. The matrixes containing higher HPMC K4M, and lower chitosan showed floating lag time decreased and duration time increased. Meanwhile, tablet disintegration was the lowest. The release test showed that all formulas did not meet the requirements dissolution metformin HCl sustained release tablet. The result of this study is sustained release tablet metformin HCl with matrixes HPMC K4M and chitosan able to float, but it did not form sustained release.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76423148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulasi Sabun Cair Antibakteri Dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah Dan Ekstrak Kulit Lidah Buaya","authors":"Teti Indrawati, S. Bahri, Melissa Pradita, Aqilla Nur Fadia, Alfianur Azmi Muhammad","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.4","url":null,"abstract":"Daun sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) dan kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) mempunyai manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah optimasi formula sabun cair kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan ekstrak kulit lidah buaya sebagai antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan cara ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% dan dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator pada suhu 50°C. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Kombinasi ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dibuat dalam 3 perbandingan yaitu 2,5% : 7,5%, 10% : 0%, 0% : 10%. Pembuatan sabun cair antibakteri dibuat dengan metode saponifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya dihasilkan pada perbandingan 2,5% : 7,5% dengan aktivitas antibakteri kategori kuat sebesar 19,23 mm. Kombinasi optimum ekstrak daun sirih merah dan kulit lidah buaya 2,5% : 7,5% dapat dibuat sediaan sabun cair antibakteri yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan, pH 8, kadar alkali bebas 0,13%, bobot jenis 1,09 g/mL, stabilitas busa 87%, viskositas 160 cP, rheologi termasuk pseudoplastis tiksotropi, dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang optimum dengan kategori sangat kuat sebesar 26,6 mm","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80950618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Kombinasi Polimer PVP:EC dan HPMC:EC Terhadap Sediaan Transdermal Pada Karakteristik Patch yang Baik : Review","authors":"Nova Fuziyanti, Aji Najihudin, Siti Hindun","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal is a drug delivery system that is placed through the surface of the skin to release the active substance in a certain dose into the bloodstream. The main constituent component in the transdermal drug delivery system which has an effect on characteristics is polymer. One of the developments in the transdermal route is the manufacture of patch preparations. Physically, a good patch must be flexible, thin, smooth, homogeneous, have drying shrinkage and low moisture absorption. So the aim of this review article was to determine the effect of polymer combinations on transdermal preparations on good patch characteristics. The method used in this review article is a literature review of various journals published online, with the category of national and international journals. The results obtained 2 primary journals related to polymer combinations to transdermal preparations, namely the combination of PVP: EC and HPMC: EC. The results of the review show that the polymer combination can have an influence on the characteristics of the patch, including the fold resistance test, weight uniformity test, thickness test, drying shrinkage test and moisture absorption test.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82858414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insurance, Policy, Knowledge Level and Epidemiology As Factors Affecting Demand And Supply of Pharmaceutical Product","authors":"N. Cahaya, Hananditia Rachma Pramestutie, Anita Kumala Hati, P. Utami","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fulfillment of drug availability is always a challenge from year to year and is determined by supply and demand issues for pharmaceutical drugs. Good management of drugs and pharmaceutical supplies is important in health services. This is related to the quality of health services and the efficiency and effectiveness of the budget. This review study aims to examine the factors that influence drug supply and demand simultaneously with a different perspective from other studies, namely, the focus is to simultaneously discuss the effects of health insurance financing schemes, registration regulations for pharmaceutical products and imports of pharmaceutical products, the level of pharmacist knowledge, changes in disease patterns, disasters, and wars on drug supply and demand. The research design that was used in this study is a narrative review. The data sources that were used are PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria in this study are all research related to the demand for pharmaceutical supplies and drugsthat will be reviewed in the study, either in the form of original research, reviews, or reports. The results obtained articles consisting of 8 articles related to health insurance financing, 6 articles related to registration regulation of pharmaceutical products and import of pharmaceutical products, 5 articles related to pharmacist knowledge level, 3 articles related to changes in disease patterns, and 3 articles related to disasters and wars. Based on the 25 articles that were used as data in this study, it was found that the factors that influence the supply and demand of pharmaceutical supplies are health insurance financing, regulation of registration drug processes and imports of pharmaceutical products, level of knowledge of pharmacists as pharmaceutical service providers, changes in disease patterns, disasters, politics, and war.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91377957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efektivitas SNEDDS Kombinasi Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Cengkodok (Melasthoma malabathricum)-Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Hasil Isolat dari Pasien Ulkus Diabetik","authors":"Rafika Sari, Pratiwi Apridamayanti, Liza Pratiwi","doi":"10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.pji.2022.007.02.5","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic ulcer is a condition where there are neurological abnormalities and peripheral arterial vascular disease that causes infection, ulceration, and/or damage to the deepest skin tissue on the feet of people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The long duration of wound healing is due to the wrong use of antibiotics for a long time, and bacteria tend to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial compound fraction of cengkodok combined with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics for prevention and reduction of antibiotic resistance in the cause of diabetic ulcers. The drug preparation is in the form of self nanoemulsifiying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), which is the optimum combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. The use of SNEDDS in this study is because the SNEDDS made from nanoemulsion formulations has small particle size, large surface absorption, and good dispersion, so that it can be evenly dispersed on the skin and penetrates the skin layer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the formulation cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics against B. cereus and S. aureususing the SNEDDS drug delivery system. The test uses the spotless diffusion method without using paper discs. The results showed that the combination of cengkodok leaf fraction with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics had better activity against B. cereus and S. aureus than cengkodok leaf fraction, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin only.","PeriodicalId":19897,"journal":{"name":"PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}