Emma J. Morris, Harleen Kaur, Garima Dobhal, Shiana Malhotra, Zeineb Ayed, Anna L. Carpenter, Renee V. Goreham
Extracellular vesicles are promising candidates for novel biomedical applications due to their universal secretion by all organisms. Despite their discovery in 1971, understanding of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy due to their complex nature and nanoscale dimensions, which make characterization challenging. Extracellular vesicles contain a diverse array of proteins, making them valuable for identifying disease‐specific biomarkers and driving research since 2007. However, identifying these biomarkers remains difficult and expensive. Advancements in extracellular vesicle techniques, including single extracellular vesicle characterization, hold promise for disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. Notably, the biomechanical properties of extracellular vesicles have emerged as a potential diagnosis tool. However, biomechanical characterization has rarely been investigated for disease diagnosis due to limited understanding and a lack of standardized protocols. Recently, significant advancements have been made using various techniques such as atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration. This review explores recent developments in biomechanical analysis, demonstrating novel disease diagnostic pathways facilitated by extracellular vesicles and outlining future research directions.
{"title":"The Physical Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles for Function Elucidation and Biomedical Applications: A Review","authors":"Emma J. Morris, Harleen Kaur, Garima Dobhal, Shiana Malhotra, Zeineb Ayed, Anna L. Carpenter, Renee V. Goreham","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400024","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles are promising candidates for novel biomedical applications due to their universal secretion by all organisms. Despite their discovery in 1971, understanding of extracellular vesicles remains in its infancy due to their complex nature and nanoscale dimensions, which make characterization challenging. Extracellular vesicles contain a diverse array of proteins, making them valuable for identifying disease‐specific biomarkers and driving research since 2007. However, identifying these biomarkers remains difficult and expensive. Advancements in extracellular vesicle techniques, including single extracellular vesicle characterization, hold promise for disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. Notably, the biomechanical properties of extracellular vesicles have emerged as a potential diagnosis tool. However, biomechanical characterization has rarely been investigated for disease diagnosis due to limited understanding and a lack of standardized protocols. Recently, significant advancements have been made using various techniques such as atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration. This review explores recent developments in biomechanical analysis, demonstrating novel disease diagnostic pathways facilitated by extracellular vesicles and outlining future research directions.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141510342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Müller, Maren Dworschak, Jan Benedikt, Lorenz Kienle
The atmospheric pressure plasma source HelixJet has been used to generate tungsten nanocrystals with narrow size distributions, well defined size control and with a considerably good particle yield. Tungsten particles are produced as the result of an evaporation process of a tungsten wire inserted on the middle axis of the jet after the wire is heated by interaction with the plasma. Temperature measurements using a thermocouple and by optical emission spectroscopy showed that, while the overall temperature of the wire is very high, it is not in the range of the melting temperature of tungsten; however, it can reach values needed for sublimation. Additionally, the wire is heated selectively while the temperature of the jet components reaches only a few hundred degrees Celsius. The particles cluster into agglomerates and their formation has been analyzed in relation to the reliability of a commercial scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer. The dependence of the particle morphology and crystal structure on the plasma parameters such as power and gas flow was studied via transmission electron microscopy and the average size of the tungsten nanocrystals could be tuned between 12 and 25 nm.
{"title":"Tungsten Nanoparticles Generated in an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet","authors":"Martin Müller, Maren Dworschak, Jan Benedikt, Lorenz Kienle","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400037","url":null,"abstract":"The atmospheric pressure plasma source HelixJet has been used to generate tungsten nanocrystals with narrow size distributions, well defined size control and with a considerably good particle yield. Tungsten particles are produced as the result of an evaporation process of a tungsten wire inserted on the middle axis of the jet after the wire is heated by interaction with the plasma. Temperature measurements using a thermocouple and by optical emission spectroscopy showed that, while the overall temperature of the wire is very high, it is not in the range of the melting temperature of tungsten; however, it can reach values needed for sublimation. Additionally, the wire is heated selectively while the temperature of the jet components reaches only a few hundred degrees Celsius. The particles cluster into agglomerates and their formation has been analyzed in relation to the reliability of a commercial scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer. The dependence of the particle morphology and crystal structure on the plasma parameters such as power and gas flow was studied via transmission electron microscopy and the average size of the tungsten nanocrystals could be tuned between 12 and 25 nm.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141190107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anurag M. Chahande, Ashakiran Maibam, Sailaja Krishnamurty, R. Nandini Devi
Au nanoclusters with tailored photoluminescence can be obtained through controlled nanoparticle ligand interface chemistry. The present work reports molecular gold nanoclusters with tuneable photoluminescence emission from 600 to 700 nm using N,N′,N″‐trialkyl (11‐mercaptoundecyl)ammonium chloride ligands as capping‐agents. The tunability within red spectral region is regulated through specific interface chemistry between gold nanoclusters of molecular range and functional groups of the quaternary ammonium head over N,N′,N″‐trialkyl(11‐mercaptoundecyl)ammonium chloride. Combined understanding obtained from the spectroscopy, microscopy, and density functional theory studies demonstrate that the functional group specific electronic interactions at the interfaces steer the emission characteristics of “molecular” Au nanoparticles. The study clearly identifies that bulkier functional groups, i.e., triethyl, tripropyl, tributyl, and dimethyl benzene over N+ (of thiol ligand) through their steric effects minimize the particle size giving rise to tunable photoluminescence emission in red spectral region. However, the red shift seen in the emission Au nanoclusters with N‐(11‐mercaptoundecyl)‐N,N′‐dimethylbenzenammonium chloride ligand in contradiction to particle size effect is computationally proved to be due to the delocalization of electron density from benzene aromatic ring to N+ of ammonium head leading to a reduction in the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap.
{"title":"Ultra‐Small Au Nanoclusters with Tailored Photoluminescence Properties using Modified Thiol Ligands: A Computational and Experimental Demonstration","authors":"Anurag M. Chahande, Ashakiran Maibam, Sailaja Krishnamurty, R. Nandini Devi","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400011","url":null,"abstract":"Au nanoclusters with tailored photoluminescence can be obtained through controlled nanoparticle ligand interface chemistry. The present work reports molecular gold nanoclusters with tuneable photoluminescence emission from 600 to 700 nm using N,N′,N″‐trialkyl (11‐mercaptoundecyl)ammonium chloride ligands as capping‐agents. The tunability within red spectral region is regulated through specific interface chemistry between gold nanoclusters of molecular range and functional groups of the quaternary ammonium head over N,N′,N″‐trialkyl(11‐mercaptoundecyl)ammonium chloride. Combined understanding obtained from the spectroscopy, microscopy, and density functional theory studies demonstrate that the functional group specific electronic interactions at the interfaces steer the emission characteristics of “molecular” Au nanoparticles. The study clearly identifies that bulkier functional groups, i.e., triethyl, tripropyl, tributyl, and dimethyl benzene over N<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> (of thiol ligand) through their steric effects minimize the particle size giving rise to tunable photoluminescence emission in red spectral region. However, the red shift seen in the emission Au nanoclusters with N‐(11‐mercaptoundecyl)‐N,N′‐dimethylbenzenammonium chloride ligand in contradiction to particle size effect is computationally proved to be due to the delocalization of electron density from benzene aromatic ring to N<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> of ammonium head leading to a reduction in the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for biosensing and biomedical applications due to their exceptional structural properties and tunable functionalities. Integrating functional DNA with MOFs offers numerous advantages, including enhanced colloidal stability, target‐induced signal amplification, improved cellular uptake, and controlled drug release. This focused review aims to highlight key insights into the DNA–MOF interface to facilitate the design and application of these conjugates. A succinct summary of the interactions between DNA and MOFs, covering both noncovalent adsorption and covalent conjugation is provided. Moreover, recent advancements in utilizing DNA–MOF conjugates in biosensors, with a specific emphasis on fluorescent and electrochemical sensing are discussed. Additionally, applications in bioimaging, controlled drug delivery, and nucleic acid delivery are explored. Finally, the limitations of existing designs and provide insightful perspectives for the future development of DNA–MOFs, aiming to expedite their integration and impact in the realm of biomedical applications are addressed.
金属有机框架（MOFs）因其优异的结构特性和可调的功能性，已成为生物传感和生物医学应用领域前景广阔的材料。将功能性 DNA 与 MOFs 相结合具有诸多优势，包括增强胶体稳定性、靶诱导信号放大、改善细胞吸收和控制药物释放。这篇重点综述旨在强调 DNA-MOF 界面的关键见解，以促进这些共轭物的设计和应用。文章简明扼要地总结了 DNA 与 MOFs 之间的相互作用，包括非共价吸附和共价结合。此外，还讨论了在生物传感器中利用 DNA-MOF 共轭物的最新进展，特别强调了荧光和电化学传感。此外，还探讨了 DNA-MOF 在生物成像、可控药物递送和核酸递送中的应用。最后，还讨论了现有设计的局限性，并为 DNA-MOFs 的未来发展提供了富有洞察力的视角，旨在加快其在生物医学应用领域的整合和影响。
{"title":"Interface‐Driven DNA/Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids for Biosensing and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Zhaoyu Han, Zhenglian Li, Biwu Liu","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400039","url":null,"abstract":"Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for biosensing and biomedical applications due to their exceptional structural properties and tunable functionalities. Integrating functional DNA with MOFs offers numerous advantages, including enhanced colloidal stability, target‐induced signal amplification, improved cellular uptake, and controlled drug release. This focused review aims to highlight key insights into the DNA–MOF interface to facilitate the design and application of these conjugates. A succinct summary of the interactions between DNA and MOFs, covering both noncovalent adsorption and covalent conjugation is provided. Moreover, recent advancements in utilizing DNA–MOF conjugates in biosensors, with a specific emphasis on fluorescent and electrochemical sensing are discussed. Additionally, applications in bioimaging, controlled drug delivery, and nucleic acid delivery are explored. Finally, the limitations of existing designs and provide insightful perspectives for the future development of DNA–MOFs, aiming to expedite their integration and impact in the realm of biomedical applications are addressed.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140936604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haiquan Zhang, Qiaoming Fang, Fege Wang, Bozhou Cao, Ling Wang, Wei He, Songjiao Chen, Ning Wang
Functional soft materials have great potential commercial applications in thermal energy storage, which are required to have a long life, good flexibility, and resistance to liquid leakage. Herein, a composite hydrogel with thermal storage properties is prepared through coupling molecular self‐assembly and in situ polymerization. Hydrophobic stearic acid (SA), as a thermal storage phase change material (PCM), is dispersed in polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel network in the form of oil–water emulsion (O/W). The PAM polymer network with good flexibility physically limits high‐frequency collision between SA PCM droplets. This unique design avoids demulsification in phase change emulsion so that the as‐prepared hydrogel composite can resist liquid leakage. The PAM hydrogel network plays the role of heterogeneous nucleation, resulting in the super‐cooling of SA emulsion at only 0.3 °C. On the other hand, SA PCM droplets in as‐prepared soft material do not directly contact with liquid water, so melting/crystallization process is independent of water. As a result, the soft material exhibits a thermal storage density of up to 99.3 J g−1. The present study is an important step toward designing soft energy storage materials.
功能性软材料在热能储存领域具有巨大的商业应用潜力，它要求具有较长的使用寿命、良好的柔韧性和抗液体泄漏能力。本文通过分子自组装和原位聚合耦合制备了一种具有热存储特性的复合水凝胶。疏水性硬脂酸（SA）作为一种蓄热相变材料（PCM），以油水乳液（O/W）的形式分散在聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）水凝胶网络中。具有良好柔韧性的 PAM 聚合物网络从物理上限制了 SA PCM 液滴之间的高频碰撞。这种独特的设计避免了相变乳液中的反乳化现象，因此制备的水凝胶复合材料可以防止液体泄漏。PAM 水凝胶网络起到了异质成核的作用，使 SA 乳液的超冷温度仅为 0.3 °C。另一方面，制备的软材料中的 SA PCM 液滴不直接与液态水接触，因此熔化/结晶过程与水无关。因此，这种软材料的蓄热密度高达 99.3 J g-1。本研究为设计软储能材料迈出了重要一步。
{"title":"Functional Soft Materials with Resistance to Liquid Leakage for Thermal Energy Storage","authors":"Haiquan Zhang, Qiaoming Fang, Fege Wang, Bozhou Cao, Ling Wang, Wei He, Songjiao Chen, Ning Wang","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400031","url":null,"abstract":"Functional soft materials have great potential commercial applications in thermal energy storage, which are required to have a long life, good flexibility, and resistance to liquid leakage. Herein, a composite hydrogel with thermal storage properties is prepared through coupling molecular self‐assembly and in situ polymerization. Hydrophobic stearic acid (SA), as a thermal storage phase change material (PCM), is dispersed in polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel network in the form of oil–water emulsion (O/W). The PAM polymer network with good flexibility physically limits high‐frequency collision between SA PCM droplets. This unique design avoids demulsification in phase change emulsion so that the as‐prepared hydrogel composite can resist liquid leakage. The PAM hydrogel network plays the role of heterogeneous nucleation, resulting in the super‐cooling of SA emulsion at only 0.3 °C. On the other hand, SA PCM droplets in as‐prepared soft material do not directly contact with liquid water, so melting/crystallization process is independent of water. As a result, the soft material exhibits a thermal storage density of up to 99.3 J g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The present study is an important step toward designing soft energy storage materials.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140936601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sampurna Santra, Deepshikha Datta, Soheli Biswas, Bimal Das
Silica‐based nanomaterials have attracted huge attention for maximizing their safety and efficacy due to their nontoxicity, chemical and thermal stability, size tunability, and versatile functionality. Nanosilica with ZnO or carbon in a composite has excellent usage as an electrochemical sensor. Recent technological progression in nanotechnology and nanoscience has seen a number of applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials ranging from electronics, and sensing to environmental, and biomedical applications because of its various applications, multifunction, high specific surface area, stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, electrochemical activities, and so on. Carbon also has various advantageous properties like renewability, low ohmic resistance, and very stable response due to which carbon paste electrodes have attracted attention in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors are inexpensive, portable, and have excellent ability in detecting water contaminants, pesticides, disinfectants, pathogens, and different molecules. Artificial dyes are usually mixed with vegetable sauces, drinks, and other food items, which can cause cancer in human body. Voltametric methods with electrochemical sensors can be used to detect them in food samples. In this review, the present applications of ZnO and carbon nanomaterial‐based chemical sensors are meticulously studied to detect water contaminants and food dyes where nanosilica plays an important role as a sensor modifier.
{"title":"Role of Silica, Carbon, and ZnO Nanomaterials in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Water Contaminants and Food Dye","authors":"Sampurna Santra, Deepshikha Datta, Soheli Biswas, Bimal Das","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400020","url":null,"abstract":"Silica‐based nanomaterials have attracted huge attention for maximizing their safety and efficacy due to their nontoxicity, chemical and thermal stability, size tunability, and versatile functionality. Nanosilica with ZnO or carbon in a composite has excellent usage as an electrochemical sensor. Recent technological progression in nanotechnology and nanoscience has seen a number of applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials ranging from electronics, and sensing to environmental, and biomedical applications because of its various applications, multifunction, high specific surface area, stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, electrochemical activities, and so on. Carbon also has various advantageous properties like renewability, low ohmic resistance, and very stable response due to which carbon paste electrodes have attracted attention in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical sensors are inexpensive, portable, and have excellent ability in detecting water contaminants, pesticides, disinfectants, pathogens, and different molecules. Artificial dyes are usually mixed with vegetable sauces, drinks, and other food items, which can cause cancer in human body. Voltametric methods with electrochemical sensors can be used to detect them in food samples. In this review, the present applications of ZnO and carbon nanomaterial‐based chemical sensors are meticulously studied to detect water contaminants and food dyes where nanosilica plays an important role as a sensor modifier.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The formation of a particle monolayer after the evaporation of a suspension droplet containing micro/nanoparticles is critical for multiple applications, including cell printing, particle immunoassays, and electronics. However, conventional methods for forming monolayers have limitations in terms of the use of solid substrates to fix them. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for forming a microparticle monolayer suspended in air using a through‐hole chip. Utilizing the strong interactions between particles and solid/liquid interfaces at the microscale, a simple yet robust method is developed to fabricate a suspended monolayer via particle suspension evaporation. The particle layers are classified into four types according to the particle concentration and suspension volume, namely, burst, ring, mono and ring, and multi patterns. Reorganization of the particle monolayer is achieved despite the repetitive solvent reinfusion and evaporation processes. Remarkably, the suspended particle monolayer exhibits superior optical characteristics, with a signal‐to‐noise ratio that is 1.78 times higher in fluorescence measurements than the same particles placed on a glass plate. This suspended particle monolayer can be applied in a variety of fields requiring sensitive and reproducible particle detection.
{"title":"Fabrication and Optical Measurement of a Suspended Particle Monolayer","authors":"Seonghyeon Kim, Gwang hyeon Yu, Hojin Kim","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400027","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of a particle monolayer after the evaporation of a suspension droplet containing micro/nanoparticles is critical for multiple applications, including cell printing, particle immunoassays, and electronics. However, conventional methods for forming monolayers have limitations in terms of the use of solid substrates to fix them. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for forming a microparticle monolayer suspended in air using a through‐hole chip. Utilizing the strong interactions between particles and solid/liquid interfaces at the microscale, a simple yet robust method is developed to fabricate a suspended monolayer via particle suspension evaporation. The particle layers are classified into four types according to the particle concentration and suspension volume, namely, burst, ring, mono and ring, and multi patterns. Reorganization of the particle monolayer is achieved despite the repetitive solvent reinfusion and evaporation processes. Remarkably, the suspended particle monolayer exhibits superior optical characteristics, with a signal‐to‐noise ratio that is 1.78 times higher in fluorescence measurements than the same particles placed on a glass plate. This suspended particle monolayer can be applied in a variety of fields requiring sensitive and reproducible particle detection.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bushra H. Shnawa, Parwin J. Jalil, Renjbar M. Mhammedsharif, Bakhtiyar A. Faqe, Meysam H. Ahmed, Hawar N. Ibrahim, Mukhtar H. Ahmed
Due to its unique properties and advantageous traits, zinc oxide has garnered significant attention in recent years for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NP). This paper is focused on the synthesis of ZnO‐NPs mediated by Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. leaf extract and assesses their potential biological activities. In this study, ZnO‐NP is synthesized using A. capillus‐veneris L. leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using, UV–vis spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrophotometry. The antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the formulated ZnO‐NPs are also inspected. The UV–vis, XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR confirmed the formation and purity of synthesized ZnO‐NPs. The ZnO‐NPs exhibit efficient antimicrobial potency against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Gram‐positive bacteria, particularly S. aureus, are more susceptible to ZnO‐NPs, with the largest inhibition zone of 32 mm. In contrast, E. coli and P. aeruginosa display smaller inhibition zones of 25 and 27 mm respectively. Anti‐inflammatory tests show that ZnO‐NPs have a significant anti‐inflammatory effect against egg albumin and bovine serum albumin denaturation, possess low toxicity on erythrocytes, and are highly hemocompatible.
近年来，氧化锌因其独特的性质和优势特征，在氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO-NP）的绿色合成方面备受关注。本文主要研究以 Adiantum capillus-veneris L. 叶提取物为媒介合成 ZnO-NPs 并评估其潜在的生物活性。本研究使用 A. capillus-veneris L. 叶提取物合成 ZnO-NP。使用紫外-可见光谱、能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）分光光度法对合成的纳米粒子进行了表征。此外，还检测了配制的 ZnO-NPs 的抗菌、抗真菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性。紫外可见光、XRD、扫描电镜、EDX 和傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了合成 ZnO-NPs 的形成和纯度。ZnO-NPs 对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和烟曲霉表现出高效的抗菌效力。革兰氏阳性菌，尤其是金黄色葡萄球菌，对 ZnO-NPs 更敏感，最大抑菌区为 32 毫米。相比之下，大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的抑制区较小，分别为 25 毫米和 27 毫米。抗炎测试表明，ZnO-NPs 对鸡蛋白蛋白和牛血清白蛋白变性有显著的抗炎作用，对红细胞的毒性低，且具有很高的血液相容性。
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Adiantum capillus‐veneris L. Leaf Extract","authors":"Bushra H. Shnawa, Parwin J. Jalil, Renjbar M. Mhammedsharif, Bakhtiyar A. Faqe, Meysam H. Ahmed, Hawar N. Ibrahim, Mukhtar H. Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400005","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its unique properties and advantageous traits, zinc oxide has garnered significant attention in recent years for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NP). This paper is focused on the synthesis of ZnO‐NPs mediated by <jats:italic>Adiantum capillus‐veneris</jats:italic> L. leaf extract and assesses their potential biological activities. In this study, ZnO‐NP is synthesized using <jats:italic>A. capillus‐veneris L</jats:italic>. leaf extract. The synthesized nanoparticles are characterized using, UV–vis spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), (SEM) scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrophotometry. The antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the formulated ZnO‐NPs are also inspected. The UV–vis, XRD, SEM, EDX, and FTIR confirmed the formation and purity of synthesized ZnO‐NPs. The ZnO‐NPs exhibit efficient antimicrobial potency against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Aspergillus niger</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus</jats:italic>. Gram‐positive bacteria, particularly <jats:italic>S. aureus</jats:italic>, are more susceptible to ZnO‐NPs, with the largest inhibition zone of 32 mm. In contrast, <jats:italic>E. coli</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa</jats:italic> display smaller inhibition zones of 25 and 27 mm respectively. Anti‐inflammatory tests show that ZnO‐NPs have a significant anti‐inflammatory effect against egg albumin and bovine serum albumin denaturation, possess low toxicity on erythrocytes, and are highly hemocompatible.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140804789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiashen Fan, Han Song, Shengkai Liu, Boyu Chen, Yujie Fu, Zhiguo Liu
Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the plant extract is a very important strategy to gain efficient antimicrobial agents with strong antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. In this study, jujube seed extract (JSE) is utilized to green synthesis of AgNPs by both hydrothermal process and solution‐based approaches. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirm that jujube seed extract functionalized Ag nanoparticles are formed by both approaches and jujube seed extract covered on the surface of Ag nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that the JSE‐AgNPs are spherical with the average diameter of 17.7 and 14.2 nm for the hydrothermal process and solution‐based approaches, respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the JSE‐AgNPs prepared by both approaches have face‐centered cubic crystal structure. The antimicrobial activity test reveals that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of JSE‐AgNPs by the solution‐based method are 62.5, 125, and 62.5 µg mL−1 against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. These results imply that the JSE‐AgNPs have potential to be developed as efficient antimicrobial agents.
{"title":"Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study on Jujube Seed Extract Functionalized Ag Nanoparticles","authors":"Jiashen Fan, Han Song, Shengkai Liu, Boyu Chen, Yujie Fu, Zhiguo Liu","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400012","url":null,"abstract":"Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using the plant extract is a very important strategy to gain efficient antimicrobial agents with strong antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. In this study, jujube seed extract (JSE) is utilized to green synthesis of AgNPs by both hydrothermal process and solution‐based approaches. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirm that jujube seed extract functionalized Ag nanoparticles are formed by both approaches and jujube seed extract covered on the surface of Ag nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicate that the JSE‐AgNPs are spherical with the average diameter of 17.7 and 14.2 nm for the hydrothermal process and solution‐based approaches, respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the JSE‐AgNPs prepared by both approaches have face‐centered cubic crystal structure. The antimicrobial activity test reveals that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of JSE‐AgNPs by the solution‐based method are 62.5, 125, and 62.5 µg mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Candida albicans</jats:italic>, respectively. These results imply that the JSE‐AgNPs have potential to be developed as efficient antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140804645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Zhang, Jie Liu, Xun Li, Xiaoyu Zhao, Zhiqun Cheng, Tian‐Song Deng
A versatile method is invented to self‐assemble gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into nanoclusters (NCs) of various morphologies. By storing the particles in toluene, a highly non‐polar solvent, under conditions that ensure particle stability, the success rate of subsequent assembly can be enhanced. Additionally, conducting particle self‐assembly at a stirring speed of 200 rpm allows the NCs to maintain a spherical shape. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Raman spectral peaks of multiple NCs used as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is calculated to be less than 10%, effectively addressing the issue of low repeatability when using NCs as SERS substrates. Furthermore, even at an analyte concentration reduced to 10−9m, a SERS characteristic peak intensity of approximately 2 × 103 is measurable, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the assembled structures. Finally, by detecting SERS signals from NCs of varying sizes, the intensities of characteristic peaks tend to converge, eliminating the influence of morphology and size on SERS detection.
{"title":"Versatile Approach to Self‐Assembly of Surface Modified Nanoparticles into SERS‐Active Nanoclusters","authors":"Min Zhang, Jie Liu, Xun Li, Xiaoyu Zhao, Zhiqun Cheng, Tian‐Song Deng","doi":"10.1002/ppsc.202400034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.202400034","url":null,"abstract":"A versatile method is invented to self‐assemble gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into nanoclusters (NCs) of various morphologies. By storing the particles in toluene, a highly non‐polar solvent, under conditions that ensure particle stability, the success rate of subsequent assembly can be enhanced. Additionally, conducting particle self‐assembly at a stirring speed of 200 rpm allows the NCs to maintain a spherical shape. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Raman spectral peaks of multiple NCs used as surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is calculated to be less than 10%, effectively addressing the issue of low repeatability when using NCs as SERS substrates. Furthermore, even at an analyte concentration reduced to 10<jats:sup>−9</jats:sup> <jats:sc>m</jats:sc>, a SERS characteristic peak intensity of approximately 2 × 10<jats:sup>3</jats:sup> is measurable, demonstrating the high sensitivity of the assembled structures. Finally, by detecting SERS signals from NCs of varying sizes, the intensities of characteristic peaks tend to converge, eliminating the influence of morphology and size on SERS detection.","PeriodicalId":19903,"journal":{"name":"Particle & Particle Systems Characterization","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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