Pediatric Dental Journal最新文献

Background

Painful pokes, buzzing drills, uncomfortable pressure, foreign tastes, and disturbing noises are all events that a child can experience in a single dental appointment. Each event has the potential to trigger dental fear and anxiety in pediatric patients. Dental fear and anxiety are common for children and can lead to the neglect of dental care into adulthood. Many behavioral interventions currently in practice focus on immediate behavior changes rather than long-term psychosocial well-being of children.

Objective

The purpose of this paper was to review the literature of pediatric dental fear and anxiety and provide reasoning for child life specialist intervention in the pediatric dental clinic.

Results

Rooted in developmental theory, child life specialists advocate for the psychosocial care of children in various healthcare environments, including dental clinics. Child life specialists work to minimize pediatric fear and anxiety using various strategies, including psychological preparation. Psychological preparation is accomplished by the provision of developmentally appropriate education, therapeutic or medical play, and preparation books.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to establish the effectiveness of child life specialist intervention, such as psychological preparation, in pediatric dentistry at reducing pediatric dental fear and anxiety.

Background and aim

Myofunctional appliances are commonly used to stimulating positively the masticatory and tongue muscle activity, altering the posture of the mandible to a more forward position. These appliances could be effective in treating the Class II, Division 1 in the mixed dentition stage. The purpose of the clinical study was to evaluate the effects of Multi-P as a prefabricated functional appliance on the dento-skeletal structure in patients with Class II, Division 1 in the mixed dentition stage.

Material and methods

This clinical study consisted of 18 pediatric patients (mean age 9.97 ± 1.36 years) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. The Multi-P appliance was used in the treatment of all patients. Pre- and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were evaluated to analyze the changes in dento-skeletal dimensions during the treatment period.

Results

When the pre-and post-treatment cephalometrics were compared, it was found that there were insignificant differences for the SNB°, SN-GoGn°, and Co-Gn distance (p ≥ 0.05). It was observed that the Go-Gn (p = 0.03) and SN (p = 0.033) distances remarkably increased, After the treatment, significant increases were observed in IMPA (p = 0.001) and ANB° (p = 0.001), and a significant decrease was found in U1-FH° (p = 0.023). Also, a significant reduction in the overjet was recorded in the patients (p = 0.000). The average treatment time was found to be 2.94 ± 0.70 years.

Conclusion

Based on our results, it can be concluded that the Multi-P prefabricated myofunctional appliance for Class II, Division 1 malocclusion has mostly dentoalveolar effects without significant skeletal effects in the mixed dentition stage.

Objective

To investigate the effect of mogroside, palatinose, erythritol, and xylitol on the dental plaque pH of children and to compare the plaque pH change between caries-active and caries-free children caused by these sweeteners.

Methods

Thirty-six children (mean age 6.2 ± 2.9-year-old), caries-active and caries-free, were included. After refraining from practicing oral hygiene, the accessible plaque was collected and equally divided for challenging with 6 different solutions: mogroside, palatinose, erythritol, xylitol, 10% sucrose, and deionized water. The pH of each solution was measured using a digital pH meter at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min.

Results

Mogroside, erythritol, xylitol, and water did not significantly lower the dental plaque pH, however, palatinose reduced dental plaque pH comparable to sucrose (p < 0.05). Comparing the caries-active and caries-free groups, only sucrose produced significantly different pH value at min 5 and 10.

Conclusions

Mogroside, erythritol, and xylitol did not lower the dental plaque pH in caries-active or caries-free children. However, palatinose affected the dental plaque pH similar to sucrose.

Background

The success of rehabilitation in primary teeth may not rely only on the success of dental restoration, as esthetics is also important. As zirconia crowns combine resistance with esthetics, pediatric dentists must know the details regarding this material to be able to use it when required.

Objective

To review the literature and synthesize research regarding the use of prefabricated zirconia crowns.

Material and methods

A systematic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed, MEDLINE EBSCO, BVS, Embase, and Scopus, with the search terms: “zirconia crowns”, “zirconia crown”, “prefabricated crowns”, “pediatric crowns”, “zirconia pediatric crown”, “deciduous”,” primary teeth”, “primary tooth”, “pediatric dentistry”, “primary molar” and “primary incisors”. After the screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 eligible articles were included, in English, Spanish or Portuguese, with no restrictions on the year of publication.

Results

Zirconia crowns are indicated for primary teeth affected by early childhood caries, traumatic dental injuries and developmental defects of enamel. They present resistance, durability, higher esthetics proprieties (when compared to other materials for the full coronal coverage of primary teeth), good gingival health and biocompatibility, good parental and children's acceptance and satisfaction. However, some limitations are mentioned: higher costs, the necessity for greater amounts of tooth reduction and the impossibility of adjustments.

Conclusion

Zirconia crowns, as no other material for the full coronal coverage of primary teeth, combine biocompatibility, resistance and ideal esthetic outcomes. This material, despite its limitations, is a great alternative for the rehabilitation of primary teeth with intense loss of structure.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the 8-tooth method on the Malaysian Malays aged 5.00–17.99 years originally introduced by Chaillet and Demirjian and to develop a more reliable teeth maturity scores for age estimation based on artificial neural networks (ANN). A total of 1569 dental panoramic tomographs of Malaysian Malays aged 5.00–17.99 years were assessed. Tooth development was initially recorded using a score chart adapted from Demirjian's eight developmental stages. Maturity scores were converted to dental age (DA). The mean and standard deviation of chronological age (CA), DA and the difference between CA and DA were calculated. Artificial neural networks was then employed to develop new dental maturity scores (NDA) and its reliability was assessed.

Results

Initial comparison of known CA with estimated DA derived from Chaillet and Demirjian's dental maturity scores showed that DA was consistently underestimated by 2.09 ± 0.90 years for Malay boys and 2.79 ± 0.99 years for Malay girls for all age groups (paired t-test, p < 0.05). In order to improve the age estimation, an adaptation using artificial neural networks was employed to develop new dental maturity scores (NDA) that was more suitable for the Malay subjects. The results showed more accuracy in estimating dental age (0.035 ± 0.84 years for boys and 0.048 ± 0.928 years for girls, paired t-test, p > 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the new dental maturity scores were highly accurate in estimating the age of Malaysian Malay children and adolescents.

Background

New direction in dentistry has been developed to increase the minimal-invasive approach, especially in younger children. Therefore, needs has arise to find new techniques to replace the restorative and surgical treatments of dental caries with more conservative therapies. So that remineralization therapies has taken place in the last few years.

Materials and methods

A total of 84 teeth with white-spot lesions in 18, three-to-five-year-old children were included in the study. All of the selected teeth had no yellow or brown discoloration, no carious cavities or developmental defects, and gave the value of 5–17 when measured using DIAGNOdent.

Clinpro Tooth Crème was applied for 3 min after cleaning and drying on each tooth, a photograph was taken after every application with intervals of one week, two weeks, four weeks and six weeks. The laser fluorescence intensity was measured using DIAGNOdent before every application and 10 min after. The clinical appearance change was evaluated by calculating the ratio of the area of white-spot lesion to the whole area of buccal surface of each tooth using AutoCAD 2015. Results were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that there was an important significant differences between DIAGNOdent values of Clinpro group and the other group (p < 0.05), but no significant change in the ratio of the area of white-spot lesion to the whole area of buccal surface of the tooth (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Clinpro Tooth Crème improved white-spot lesions remineralization but did not prettify clinical appearance after its application within the used protocol.

Objectives

Pneumatized articular tubercle/eminence (PAT) and glenoid fossa (PGF) are important air gaps in the skull bone. Aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and radiographic features of PAT and PGF in a group of children by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

CBCT images of 120 patients (71 males, 49 females, age range 4–16 years) were retrospectively examined in terms of prevalence and characteristic features of pneumatizations and the findings were recorded according to age and gender.

Results

In our study, 40.2% PGF and 32.2% PAT were detected. The youngest patient with pneumatization was seven years old. PGF and PAT were observed less in females (PGF: 23, PAT: 10) than males (PGF: 33, PAT: 16); but this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). PGF was also observed in all cases with PAT. There was a statistically significant relationship between PGF and PAT (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This current study results demonstrate that the pneumatization of accessory air cells starts before puberty, surprisingly. Pneumatic cavities that can increase the risk of spread of infection such as tumour, inflammation and fractures should not be overlooked in children before puberty.

Pseudobulbar palsy, a cerebrovascular disease frequently observed in the elderly, is often associated with dysphagia. The current study is a case report of a pediatric patient diagnosed with congenital pseudobulbar palsy. The patient underwent long-term functional therapy using tube feeding, an effective treatment method for children unable to ingest. Although prolonged use of tube feeding can lead to dependency, timely appropriate intervention led to successful weaning in the current patient.

Background

Preservation of the decayed primary anterior teeth is important until their natural exfoliation time as it acts as natural space maintainer. Two most common anterior aesthetic full coronal restorations, the strip crowns and the preformed zirconia crowns, are available options.

Objective

To evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes (gingival health, plaque accumulation, teeth wear of opposing dentition, color match and restoration failure) of strip crowns and preformed primary anterior zirconia crowns at one year follow up in 3-5 years old children.

Material and methods

Forty maxillary primary incisors were restored by either strip crown or zirconia crown. Permuted block randomisation method was used for allocation of participants. Gingival health, plaque accumulation, teeth wear of the opposing dentition, color match and restoration failure for crowns were assessed at one-year follow-up. Data was analysed using McNemar- Bowker test and Chi-Square test.

Results

At one-year follow-up, gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation, restoration failure were significantly higher for the strip crowns (level of significance = 0.012, 0.013 and 0.0001, respectively) and, no statistically significant difference was found between the strip crowns and zirconia crowns for teeth wear of opposing dentition and color match evaluation (level of significance = 0.435 and 0.168, respectively).

Conclusion

Overall, zirconia crowns were found more successful than strip crowns for the rehabilitation of caries affected primary incisors.