A Salivary Multi Test® (SMT®) was used in children with severe congenital neutropenia who were admitted to the pediatrics department of our hospital.
Case presentation
SMT® was conducted on three patients with severe congenital neutropenia. Rod and segmented neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood showed fluctuations similar to those of the “leukocyte level” in SMT®.
Conclusion
SMT®, which uses saliva samples that are non-invasive and can be easily collected, may help manage systemic diseases.
{"title":"Application of the salivary multi test in children with severe congenital neutropenia: A case report","authors":"Yuko Iwamoto , Nobuyuki Tatsukawa , Yasumasa Irie , Satoru Kusaka , Chieko Mitsuhata , Ryota Nomura","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A Salivary Multi Test® (SMT®) was used in children with severe congenital neutropenia<span> who were admitted to the pediatrics department of our hospital.</span></p></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><p>SMT® was conducted on three patients with severe congenital neutropenia. Rod and segmented neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood showed fluctuations similar to those of the “leukocyte level” in SMT®.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>SMT®, which uses saliva samples that are non-invasive and can be easily collected, may help manage systemic diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47162953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01Epub Date: 2023-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.005
Ecem Gur , Sultan Keles , Ozge Cevik
Aim
To investigate if the levels of interleukin-32 (IL-32), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the saliva are associated with early childhood caries.
Methods
A total of 56 patients aged between 36 and 71 months with dental caries and without caries were included in this study. The patients’ caries status was evaluated according to the dmft and dmfs indices. IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the saliva samples of the patients were measured by ELISA.
Results
There were no statistically significant differences in the oral hygiene and nutritional habits, plaque index, and gingival index values between the ECC and control groups evaluated in the study (p > 0.05). The ECC group's salivary IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The high levels of IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α detected in the saliva of children with ECC reveal that these cytokines may play a potential role in ECC pathogenesis. Salivary levels of IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α are associated with early childhood caries in children.
{"title":"Concentrations of interleukin-32, interleukin −10, interleukin −6, and TNF-alfa are higher in saliva of children with early childhood caries","authors":"Ecem Gur , Sultan Keles , Ozge Cevik","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To investigate if the levels of interleukin-32 (IL-32), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the saliva are associated with early childhood caries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 56 patients aged between 36 and 71 months with dental caries and without caries were included in this study. The patients’ caries status was evaluated according to the dmft and dmfs indices. IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the saliva samples of the patients were measured by ELISA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no statistically significant differences in the oral hygiene and nutritional habits, plaque index<span>, and gingival index values between the ECC and control groups evaluated in the study (p > 0.05). The ECC group's salivary IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001).</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The high levels of IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α detected in the saliva of children with ECC reveal that these cytokines may play a potential role in ECC pathogenesis. Salivary levels of IL-32, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α are associated with early childhood caries in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 116-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01Epub Date: 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.004
Kifu Miyata , Yuta Chiba , Triana Marchelina , Saori Inada , Sae Oka , Kan Saito , Aya Yamada , Satoshi Fukumoto
Objectives
Dental anomalies show various symptoms and some of them are accompanied with inherited diseases. However, only a few of responsible genes of dental anomalies are identified. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel strategy for identification of responsible genes of dental anomalies using integration of single-cell RNA-sequence (scRNA-seq) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM).
Materials and methods
Single cells were isolated from mandibular incisor of post-natal day (P) seven mice and scRNA-seq were performed. Top 20 differentially expressed genes between clusters were identified and used for further analyses. Inherited diseases of differentially expressed genes and their Clinical Synopsis were examined using OMIM.
Results
The prevalence of inherited disease was 43/80 genes (53.8%) and inherited diseases which associate with dental anomalies were 34/96 diseases (35.4%); 14.6% in enamel abnormality, 4.1% in dentin abnormality, and 16.7% in other abnormality. The prevalence of enamel abnormality was the highest in ameloblast, while that of other abnormality was high in non-ameloblast cell types. Chromosomal mapping of differentially expressed genes indicated that chromosome 4 has “hotspots” of dental anomalies-associated genes.
Conclusion
The differentially expressed genes in dental epithelial cells were responsible for inherited disease which shows dental anomalies. The strategy employed in this study will contribute to identify the responsible gene for dental anomalies.
{"title":"Single-cell RNA-sequence of dental epithelium reveals responsible genes of dental anomalies in human","authors":"Kifu Miyata , Yuta Chiba , Triana Marchelina , Saori Inada , Sae Oka , Kan Saito , Aya Yamada , Satoshi Fukumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p><span>Dental anomalies show various symptoms and some of them are accompanied with inherited </span>diseases. However, only a few of responsible genes of dental anomalies are identified. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel strategy for identification of responsible genes of dental anomalies using integration of single-cell RNA-sequence (scRNA-seq) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM).</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Single cells were isolated from mandibular incisor of post-natal day (P) seven mice and scRNA-seq were performed. Top 20 differentially expressed genes between clusters were identified and used for further analyses. Inherited diseases of differentially expressed genes and their Clinical Synopsis were examined using OMIM.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The prevalence of inherited disease was 43/80 genes (53.8%) and inherited diseases which associate with dental anomalies were 34/96 diseases (35.4%); 14.6% in enamel abnormality, 4.1% in dentin abnormality, and 16.7% in other abnormality. The prevalence of enamel abnormality was the highest in </span>ameloblast<span>, while that of other abnormality was high in non-ameloblast cell types. Chromosomal mapping of differentially expressed genes indicated that chromosome 4 has “hotspots” of dental anomalies-associated genes.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The differentially expressed genes in dental epithelial cells were responsible for inherited disease which shows dental anomalies. The strategy employed in this study will contribute to identify the responsible gene for dental anomalies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 102-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49063053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sodium hypochlorite is not able to completely eliminate Enterococcus faecalis inside root canals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate chlorhexidine gel and solution in eliminating bacterial counts within infected root canals of primary anterior teeth.
Materials and methods
This study included 75 primary anterior teeth in 27 healthy children and it was divided into five groups: Group 1: Chlorhexidine 2% solution, Group 2: Chlorhexidine 2% solution activated by ultrasonic, Group 3: Chlorhexidine 2% gel, Group 4: Chlorhexidine 2% gel activated by ultrasonic, and Group 5: Sodium hypochlorite solution 5.25%. The preliminary smear for bacterial study (S1) was taken before irrigation. The root canals were irrigated in a quantity of 7 ml using a 31-gauge irrigation needle, and irrigant activation was 2 cycles (20 s). The final smear for bacterial study (S2) was taken after irrigation.
Results
There were no statistically differences in the mean percentage change in the decimal logarithm of the anaerobic bacterial colony count, but statistically differences were found for aerobic bacteria. For aerobic bacteria: CHx 2% solution activated better than CHx 2% and NaOCl 5.25% solutions, CHx 2% gel better than CHx 2% solution, CHx 2% gel activated better than CHx 2% and NaOCl 5.25% solutions.
Conclusion
All irrigation solutions used are effective in eliminating bacterial counts in infected primary canals. Chlorhexidine (solution and gel) can be considered a good alternative to sodium hypochlorite in irrigation root canals of primary teeth.
{"title":"Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of ultrasonic-activated and inactivated chlorhexidine (solution and gel) in infected root canals of primary anterior teeth","authors":"Rahaf Kharsa , Mohanad Laflouf , Taissir Albouni , Hasan Alzoubi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Sodium hypochlorite is not able to completely eliminate <span><em>Enterococcus faecalis</em></span><span><span> inside root canals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate chlorhexidine gel and solution in eliminating bacterial counts within infected root canals of primary </span>anterior teeth.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This study included 75 primary anterior teeth in 27 healthy children and it was divided into five groups: Group 1: Chlorhexidine 2% solution, Group 2: Chlorhexidine 2% solution activated by ultrasonic, Group 3: Chlorhexidine 2% gel, Group 4: Chlorhexidine 2% gel activated by ultrasonic, and Group 5: Sodium hypochlorite solution 5.25%. The preliminary smear for bacterial study (S1) was taken before irrigation. The root canals were irrigated in a quantity of 7 ml using a 31-gauge irrigation needle, and irrigant activation was 2 cycles (20 s). The final smear for bacterial study (S2) was taken after irrigation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no statistically differences in the mean percentage change in the decimal logarithm of the anaerobic bacterial colony count, but statistically differences were found for aerobic bacteria. For aerobic bacteria: CHx 2% solution activated better than CHx 2% and NaOCl 5.25% solutions, CHx 2% gel better than CHx 2% solution, CHx 2% gel activated better than CHx 2% and NaOCl 5.25% solutions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span>All irrigation solutions used are effective in eliminating bacterial counts in infected primary canals. Chlorhexidine (solution and gel) can be considered a good alternative to sodium hypochlorite in irrigation root canals of </span>primary teeth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48809333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to explore the possibility of detecting the presence of impacted teeth in the upper midline using facial morphometric measurements.
Materials and Methods
The study included 260 children, aged 2–13 years, who visited our university hospital. To measure facial morphology, facial photographs were taken along with a ruler, and the correlation between each facial measurement point and the presence of mesiodens was statistically analyzed.
Results
Each measurement point increased in a time-dependent manner and there was a correlation between age and distance. In contrast, the ratio of the inner-canthal distance to the outer-canthal distance was not associated with age. Moreover, an increase in this ratio suggested the possible presence of mesiodens. Since age is associated with the presence of mesiodens within the inner canthal distance, a multivariate analysis that considered the effects of age and sex was performed and showed that the inner canthus/outer canthus ratio was 0.45. When the odds ratio of the presence of mesiodens in the group of less than 1.0 was set to 1.0, the odds ratio of the group of 0.45 or more was 5.36.
Conclusion
The presence of mesiodens can be predicted by measuring the ratio of the inner canthal distance to the outer canthal distance.
{"title":"The correlation between the inner canthal distance and maxillary mesiodens in children","authors":"Manami Tadano , Yasunori Matsunaga , Kan Saito , Yuria Suzuki , Tomoaki Nakamura , Seira Hoshikawa , Mitsuki Chiba , Ryoko Hino , Yuriko Maruya , Emiko Fukumoto , Aya Yamada , Satoshi Fukumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study was conducted to explore the possibility of detecting the presence of impacted teeth<span> in the upper midline using facial morphometric measurements.</span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p><span>The study included 260 children, aged 2–13 years, who visited our university hospital. To measure facial morphology, facial photographs were taken along with a ruler, and the correlation between each facial measurement point and the presence of </span>mesiodens was statistically analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Each measurement point increased in a time-dependent manner and there was a correlation between age and distance. In contrast, the ratio of the inner-canthal distance to the outer-canthal distance was not associated with age. Moreover, an increase in this ratio suggested the possible presence of mesiodens. Since age is associated with the presence of mesiodens within the inner canthal distance, a multivariate analysis that considered the effects of age and sex was performed and showed that the inner canthus/outer </span>canthus ratio was 0.45. When the odds ratio of the presence of mesiodens in the group of less than 1.0 was set to 1.0, the odds ratio of the group of 0.45 or more was 5.36.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The presence of mesiodens can be predicted by measuring the ratio of the inner canthal distance to the outer canthal distance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47608660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clear and effective communication is crucial for pediatric dentistry practitioners. This study aimed to assess whether evaluations of the communication skills of dental students by supervising physicians, paired students, and patients' parents aligned with the students’ self-evaluations.
Methods
This study was conducted between April and December 2018 at the University Hospital Pediatric Dentistry Outpatient Department. The subjects were 58 pediatric dentistry students (45 male and 13 female students), who were evaluated by their supervising physicians, colleagues, parents, as well as themselves using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by weighted kappa analysis using SPSS version 27.0 software.
Results
Most supervising physicians, colleagues, and parents rated parameters, such as volume of voice during explanation, explanation of cleaning conditions, and explanation of cleaning equipment as excellent or good. However, many students self-assessed these parameters as below-average. Regarding the consistency between self- and others’ evaluations, only “explanation on snacking, eating or drinking was easy to understand” was generally consistent with the evaluations of supervising physicians.
Conclusions
The study's findings highlighted the importance of reflecting the gap between one's own assessment and that of other evaluators, which would help in the practice or professional decision making of dental students.
{"title":"Evaluation agreement between peer assessors, supervisors, and parents in assessing communication and interpersonal skills of students of pediatric dentistry","authors":"Jin Asari, Maiko Fujita-Ohtani, Kuniomi Nakamura, Tomomi Nakamura, Yoshinori Inoue, Shigenari Kimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Clear and effective communication is crucial for pediatric dentistry practitioners. This study aimed to assess whether evaluations of the communication skills of dental students by supervising physicians, paired students, and patients' parents aligned with the students’ self-evaluations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was conducted between April and December 2018 at the University Hospital Pediatric Dentistry Outpatient Department. The subjects were 58 pediatric dentistry students (45 male and 13 female students), who were evaluated by their supervising physicians, colleagues, parents, as well as themselves using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by weighted kappa analysis using SPSS version 27.0 software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most supervising physicians, colleagues, and parents rated parameters, such as volume of voice during explanation, explanation of cleaning conditions, and explanation of cleaning equipment as excellent or good. However, many students self-assessed these parameters as below-average. Regarding the consistency between self- and others’ evaluations, only “explanation on snacking, eating or drinking was easy to understand” was generally consistent with the evaluations of supervising physicians.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study's findings highlighted the importance of reflecting the gap between one's own assessment and that of other evaluators, which would help in the practice or professional decision making of dental students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 133-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49575534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary disease that affects tissues of the ectoderm system. Some patients reach adulthood before being diagnosed with ED, with dental manifestations sometimes leading to diagnosis.
Case presentation
Two child patients were diagnosed with ED based on dental findings. In one case, partial anodontia of primary and permanent teeth was observed. In the other, the number of primary teeth was normal, while there were only five permanent teeth present.
Conclusion
For some cases of ED not yet diagnosed, dental findings can lead to such a determination.
{"title":"Two cases of ectodermal dysplasia diagnosed based on congenital absence of multiple teeth","authors":"Rina Kariya, Tamami Kadota, Rena Okawa, Marin Ochiai, Makoto Okuda, Kazuhiko Nakano","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary disease that affects tissues of the </span>ectoderm system. Some patients reach adulthood before being diagnosed with ED, with dental manifestations sometimes leading to diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><p>Two child patients were diagnosed with ED based on dental findings. In one case, partial anodontia<span> of primary and permanent teeth was observed. In the other, the number of primary teeth was normal, while there were only five permanent teeth present.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>For some cases of ED not yet diagnosed, dental findings can lead to such a determination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48584062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01Epub Date: 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.002
Aiswarya Bulusu , Sean D. Cleary
Introduction
Children with autism spectrum disorder exhibit unconventional responses to sensory stimulation which maybe a barrier to regular dental care.
Clinical Relevance/Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to assess the overall dental health status of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder aged 3–17 years compared with children of similar age who were diagnosed with Other Developmental Disabilities.
Methods
Data from 2016 National Survey of Children's Health was used to compare the dental health status of children aged 3–17 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder to other developmental disabilities, as well as across the levels of intellectual deficit by employing observational study design.
Results
Results indicated that with a comorbid intellectual deficit, children with autism spectrum disorder have higher odds of lacking preventive oral care and exhibiting dental problems, but significantly lower odds of reporting a poor/fair oral hygiene index compared to children with other developmental disabilities with intellectual deficit. Children with intellectual deficit had higher odds of reporting a poor/fair oral hygiene index but had lower odds of having dental problems compared to children without intellectual deficit, independent of autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disability.
Conclusion
These findings support the development of preventive protocols to improve oral health in children with autism spectrum disorder that may positively impact their quality of life.
{"title":"Comparison of dental health status in children with autism spectrum disorder vs other developmental disabilities: Results from 2016 national survey of Children's health","authors":"Aiswarya Bulusu , Sean D. Cleary","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2023.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>Children with autism spectrum disorder<span> exhibit unconventional responses to sensory stimulation which maybe a barrier to regular </span></span>dental care.</p></div><div><h3>Clinical Relevance/Objectives</h3><p>The primary objective of this study is to assess the overall dental health status of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder aged 3–17 years compared with children of similar age who were diagnosed with Other Developmental Disabilities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from 2016 National Survey of Children's Health was used to compare the dental health status of children aged 3–17 years diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder to other developmental disabilities, as well as across the levels of intellectual deficit by employing observational study design.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results indicated that with a comorbid intellectual deficit, children with autism spectrum disorder have higher odds of lacking preventive oral care and exhibiting dental problems, but significantly lower odds of reporting a poor/fair oral hygiene index compared to children with other developmental disabilities with intellectual deficit. Children with intellectual deficit had higher odds of reporting a poor/fair oral hygiene index but had lower odds of having dental problems compared to children without intellectual deficit, independent of autism spectrum disorder or other developmental disability.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings support the development of preventive protocols to improve oral health in children with autism spectrum disorder that may positively impact their quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 2","pages":"Pages 85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43171605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective was to assess the process of apical periodontitis induced by injecting Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg LPS) that is followed by regeneration of roots in premature permanent tooth. A novel operation table was introduced to facilitate endodontic treatment of mandibular molars.
Materials and Methods
Pulp of mandibular first molars of 6-week Wistar rats were exposed by drilling, inoculated with 0.6 μg Pg LPS and sealed with glass ionomer cement. After 1 and 2 weeks rats were sacrificed and the molar roots compared with those of vehicle controls by protein array analysis and (histo) morphology/chemistry. Micro-CT imaging visualized the lesion, and non-decalcified frozen serial sections were HE stained and subjected to TRACP-5b/ALP activity staining and immunohistochemical staining.
Results
Quantitative induction of inflammation enabled us to examine the effects of LPS-injection: micro-CT images exhibited much larger radiolucent apical lesions than did controls; CD68 (M1+ M2±) cell surface marker was more intense in Pg-1w and then subsided while CD163 (M1- M2+) was more intense in Pg-2w. Staining of IL-4, which induces M2 polarization, and angiogenic markers, VEGF/CD34 was intense in Pg-1w than in controls.
Conclusion
The introduced apparatus facilitated accurate mandible operation with ease. Thus, stages of pulpal infection were reproduced quantitatively with a small amount of Pg LPS. Proteins expressed in the root apex where inflammation occurred and the lesion in the surrounding alveolar bone revealed the inflammation time course in the immature permanent teeth. This mandibular model turned out quite useful for clinical and pharmaceutical developments in the future.
{"title":"Progress of LPS-induced apical lesion in rat immature mandibular molars","authors":"Chikako Nakajima , Maiko Fujita-Otani , Yuko Mikuni-Takagaki , Kuniomi Nakamura , Kouki Hidaka , Akira Kawata , Ryota Kawamata , Shigenari Kimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.pdj.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdj.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p><span>The objective was to assess the process of apical periodontitis induced by injecting </span><span><em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em></span><span> lipopolysaccharide<span> (Pg LPS) that is followed by regeneration of roots in premature permanent tooth. A novel operation table was introduced to facilitate endodontic<span> treatment of mandibular molars.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p><span>Pulp of mandibular first molars<span> of 6-week Wistar rats were exposed by drilling, inoculated with 0.6 μg Pg LPS and sealed with glass ionomer cement. After 1 and 2 weeks rats were sacrificed and the molar roots compared with those of vehicle controls by </span></span>protein array analysis<span> and (histo) morphology/chemistry. Micro-CT imaging visualized the lesion, and non-decalcified frozen serial sections were HE stained and subjected to TRACP-5b/ALP activity staining and immunohistochemical staining.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Quantitative induction of inflammation enabled us to examine the effects of LPS-injection: micro-CT images exhibited much larger radiolucent apical lesions than did controls; CD68 (M1+ M2±) </span>cell surface marker was more intense in Pg-1w and then subsided while CD163 (M1- M2+) was more intense in Pg-2w. Staining of IL-4, which induces M2 polarization, and angiogenic markers, VEGF/CD34 was intense in Pg-1w than in controls.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The introduced apparatus facilitated accurate mandible<span> operation with ease. Thus, stages of pulpal infection were reproduced quantitatively with a small amount of Pg LPS. Proteins expressed in the root apex where inflammation occurred and the lesion in the surrounding alveolar bone revealed the inflammation time course in the immature permanent teeth. This mandibular model turned out quite useful for clinical and pharmaceutical developments in the future.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":19977,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Dental Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"Pages 14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43295431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regional odontodysplasia is a rare developmental anomaly usually affecting maxillary anterior region. We reported clinical observation in relation to two cases of regional odontodysplasia as the first report (Ped Dent J 2020; 30:124–128). There are only a few studies that have reported the detailed histological structure of teeth affected by odontodysplasia. The purpose of this report was to explore histologically the primary teeth affected by odontodysplasia in the two cases.
Materials and methods
The subjects of this study were two primary teeth with odontodysplasia reported as the first report, upper right primary lateral incisor of case1 and upper right primary first molar of case 2. These affected teeth were observed using stereo microscope, high resolution X-ray CT scanner (Micro CT), optical microscope and electron beam probe microanalyzer (EPMA).
Result
The surface of both teeth was rough and the volume of enamel was small at the hypoplastic areas. Histological findings revealed that enamel rods as well as dentinal tubules were unclear and that the volume of minerals in enamel was low in the case 1.
Conclusion
Detailed histological observation revealed that enamel and dentine were hypoplastic. It was suggested that tooth germ formation began normally, but problems occurred in cell differentiation stages of teeth affected by odontodysplasia. Moreover, hypocalcification was more severe in the primary anterior tooth than the primary molar.
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