Pediatric Dental Journal最新文献

Objective

To determine the extent of non-cavitated caries lesions in preschool children, and compare its relationship with socioeconomic status, oral and dental health practices, knowledge of caries prevention, and nutrition.

Materials and methods

Ninety-seven parents of 36–72 month-old children completed a questionnaire on the socioeconomic status of the family, parent's knowledge of caries prevention, the children's oral health practices, and nutrition. In the children, the cavitated dental caries were assessed according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and non-cavitated caries lesions on occlusal and smooth surfaces were evaluated by Universal Visual Scoring System (UniViSS). Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS software program. The relationships between variables were assessed using the chi-square test and logistic (ordinal) regression analysis.

Results

Statistically significant results were obtained relating to the parents' age, number of children, the time of first oral hygiene, frequency of tooth brushing, knowledge of caries prevention, drinks most often consumed by the children, and number of non-cavitated lesions. According to the regression model, the significant variables were caries activity (yes), drinks most often consumed by the children (milk–juice; juice–buttermilk), the frequency of tooth brushing (once a day, twice a day), observed changes in a child's teeth (change in color and breaks in teeth), the number of cavitated caries lesions and decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft).

Conclusions

The primary factors contributing to non-cavitated caries lesions include the time of first oral hygiene and frequency of tooth brushing. The early diagnosis of non-cavitated caries is essential for preventive measures.

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between the factors affecting the formation of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) in preschool children, dental caries and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and to contribute to the literature on this subject.

Methods

ASA I-II children aged <72 months and their volunteer parents who had no apparent learning disability were included in the study. 25(OH)D, calcium and albumin levels were measured from the serum samples taken from the children. Dft, dfs and plaque scores were calculated after the oral examination of the children. Parents were asked to fill out a questionnaire assessing the child's dietary habits and family demographics.

Results

Total of 175 children (56% male) participating in the study (n = 98; ECC, n = 77; caries-free). S-ECC was present in 42.8% of children with adequate 25(OH)D levels and 63.4% of children with deficient or insufficient levels. Children with S-ECC had significantly lower mean 25(OH)D levels than those caries-free. A very weak negative correlation was detected between 25(OH)D level and dft score.

Conclusions

It was difficult to confirm the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and S-ECC. Again, there was a weak correlation between the dft score and 25(OH)D levels.

A 7-year-old boy presented a delayed eruption of the maxillary left central incisor. Upon investigation the maxillary left central incisor was found to be fused, to an irregular and complicated mass that resembled a complex odontoma. The left central incisor and odontoma-like structure were extracted together as a single mass to prevent the risk of displacement and eruption disturbance of the maxillary left lateral incisor and canine. After enucleation of the malformed maxillary left central incisor, the mesially inclined maxillary left lateral incisor was restored with composite resin temporarily to resemble the morphology of the maxillary left central incisor and the canine was allowed to erupt naturally, resulting in esthetically aligned anterior teeth.

Background

Systematic and local factors give various effects to teeth during odontogenesis or after eruption. Discoloration of teeth is also caused by systematic and local factors and sometimes leads to esthetic and biological problems. Bilirubin is the product of heme metabolism and causes greenish discoloration and hypodontia with its high concentration in blood.

Objective

This review aimed to indicate effects of bilirubin on odontogenesis with in vitro model established by stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED).

Results

Recent studies showed that bilirubin suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell death in SHED with alteration of their involved-signaling pathways. In addition, it was indicated that pamidronate recovered bilirubin-altered signaling pathways and bilirubin-impaired dentinogenic function of SHED.

Conclusion

SHED could be tool to established human in vitro model to elucidate human pathogenesis and for screening to pick up the candidates of medicines.

Aim

To determine the correlation between the quality of root canal obturation and postoperative pain following root canal preparation with rotary and manual file systems in the primary molars.

Methods

A total of 150 primary molars requiring pulpectomy were selected from children aged 4–7 years. The selected teeth were divided into three groups: Kedo-S (KS), HERO Shapers (HS) and Manual Files (MF)-of 50 teeth each. In groups KS, HS, and MF, root canal instrumentation was carried out with Kedo-S pediatric rotary files, HERO Shaper rotary files, and manual NiTi K-files, respectively. Root canal obturation was carried out with zinc oxide eugenol cement using an engine-driven Lentulo spiral. The quality of the root filling was radiographically assessed immediately after obturation. The postoperative pain was evaluated at time intervals of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and 1 week.

Results

The quality of obturation was superior in the root canals instrumented with rotary file systems compared to manual files. There was decreased postoperative pain with the use of rotary file systems as compared to manual files. In all three groups, postoperative pain decreased over time.

Conclusion

The use of rotary file systems resulted in a higher percentage of optimal root canal filling with lesser postoperative pain than the manual file system. The overfilled root canals were not associated with significant postoperative pain.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the color change of primary teeth following exposure to an experimentally synthesized liposomal nano-encapsulated ferrous sulfate drop compared with the commercially iron drops.

Materials and methods

In this in-vitro study, liposomal nano-encapsulated ferrous sulfate (lipo-nano-ferr) drop was first synthesized. Next, 110 extracted primary anterior teeth were randomized into two equal groups (sound and demineralized). Each group was randomly divided into 5 subgroups (n = 11) and exposed to Irofant, Feroglobin, Sideral, and lipo-nano-ferr drops for 540 cycles. One subgroup was remained in artificial saliva as the negative control. Tooth color was analyzed before and after the interventions visually, and the rate of iron adsorption was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy/scanning electron microcopy (EDS/SEM). Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and LSD test.

Results

Iron adsorption was significantly higher by the demineralized specimens than the sound specimens in all subgroups (P < 0.001). A significant difference was noted in iron adsorption among the four subgroups in each of the sound and demineralized groups (P < 0.001). Iron adsorption in the lipo-nano-ferr subgroup was significantly lower than that in Irofant and Feroglobin groups (P < 0.001). The visual inspection results were similar to AAS results. EDS-SEM showed that the atomic percentage of iron in Sideral and lipo-nano-ferr groups was significantly lower than that in Irofant and Feroglobin groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Use of nano-encapsulation technology in production of iron drops can significantly decrease the resultant tooth discoloration, causing a clinically negligible color change.

The favorable conditions for revascularization of replanted immature primary teeth after avulsion are not well understood. We report a case of replantation of an avulsed immature mandibular primary central incisor in a 7-month-old male infant. The avulsed incisor was replanted and fixed. Five months later, root canal obliteration was observed. The replanted incisor showed root formation a year later without negative symptoms and was replaced by its successor after 6 years. Based on the outcomes, the clinical course of revascularization after replantation and treatment protocol of avulsed immature primary teeth might be comparable to those of immature permanent teeth.

Objective

The dental treatment such as local anesthetic injections are a common source of anxiety and fear during dental procedures. One of the causes of these anxiety and fear are regarded as taste and tactile sensory input. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide (IS–N₂O) on intraoral taste and tactile sensory input in human.

Materials and methods

We performed taste testing using electrogustometry and the filter paper disc test in the proglossis region, and precise tactile function testing using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments (SWM) test was performed on the mandibular incisor interdental gingival papilla of healthy male and female volunteers.

Results

On electrogustometry, the 50% IS-N₂O threshold was significantly higher than those of other conditions (vs. room air [RA], 100% O₂, Recovery, vs. 30% IS-N₂O). In the filter paper disc test, the 30%/50% IS-N₂O thresholds were significantly higher than those of other conditions (vs. RA, 100% O₂, Recovery) for all tastes. However, no significant difference in the recognition threshold was noted between 30% IS-N₂O and 50% IS-N₂O. In the SWM test, the 30%/50% IS-N₂O thresholds were significantly higher than those of other conditions (vs. RA, 100% O₂, Recovery), but the 50% IS-N₂O threshold was higher than the 30% IS-N₂O threshold.

Conclusion

IS-N₂O inhibit the input of taste and tactile sensations and may be an effective tool for patients undergoing dental procedures.

Background

During the unfortunate event of the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were placed on face-to-face interactions in dentistry to promote social distancing and reduce spread of virus. In order to provide dental services teledentistry was employed.

Objective

This article aims to review the literature and information available on the provision and utilization of teledentistry as a method to address oral health needs of paediatric patients.

Results

Teledentistry has been utilised in paediatric population for the purpose of oral health education and promotion, remote diagnosis and monitoring, and behaviour guidance. Studies involving paediatric population for aforementioned applications have shown that this practice strategy is beneficial to provide dental treatment in remote locations with little access to paediatric dental specialists, monitor patients between appointments, conduct remote diagnosis and screening programmes, promote oral health of children through dental education, and in pre-appointment behaviour guidance. This method was particularly useful during the current COVID-19 pandemic where dentists use their mobile phones, computer webcams for patient appointments while maintaining safe distance and avoid exposing themselves as well as patient to the virus.

Conclusion

Teledentistry can be a supplement to face-to-face methods of paediatric dental care, ultimately leading to better patient management. This technology can make a significant contribution in reducing the supply-demand gap of paediatric dental specialists in places where healthcare facilities are limited and ensure safety during the pandemic whilst providing dental care to paediatric patients. Further research is required for safe, effective and evidence-based use of teledentistry in the field of paediatric dentistry.

Objectives

To assess the degree of parental acceptance of SDF treatment on their children's carious teeth and to explore different factors affecting their decisions.

Methods

Parents of healthy children younger than 12-year-old of both gender were asked to fulfill a questionnaire describing their perspective of Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF treatment and different factors that could modify their opinion as sociodemographic characteristics, tooth location, type of dentition, advanced management techniques as well as dental caries management during- and post-COVID pandemic. Participants’ responses were categorized according to the three-Point Likert scale as acceptable, neutral, and not acceptable. Fisher test was used to test for significant factors affecting parental acceptance of SDF treatment. The level of significance was tested at 0.05 using SPSS program.

Results

A total of 158 parents participated in this study. The parental acceptance of SDF treatment was found to be limited to 31.6%. The SDF acceptance rate increased significantly if SDF was used on posterior teeth, on deciduous dentition, prior to shifting to conventional restoration under general anesthesia, and to minimize chances for cross-infection particularly during- and after the recovery from the COVID pandemic.

Conclusions

SDF treatment on posterior teeth and deciduous dentition was found to be more accepted by the parents than anterior and permanent teeth. Although a majority of parents reported restricted SDF treatment acceptance, most parents were willing to compromise the esthetic dilemma as they understand the risks of alternative interventions.

Clinical significance

Dentists are encouraged to adopt SDF treatment and offer it for their patients and caregivers prior to shifting to advanced dental management techniques particularly during and following the COVID era. The dentist must provide an informed consent form, which includes clear photographs showing expected staining, especially when treating anterior teeth.