T. D. Thanh, N. Anh, N. Hien, Hoang Minh Dong, Nguyen Xuan Hao, D. X. Khoa, N. H. Bang
In this work, we investigate subluminal and superluminal light propagation in a vee-type three-level atomic medium under an external magnetic field. The dispersion and absorption behaviors are studied for the cases of absence and presence of a magnetic field. It is found that under an electromagnetically induced transparency condition, the light pulse can be switched between subluminal and superluminal propagation by ON-OFF switching of the magnetic field. Finally, the transient response of the medium is discussed, which shows that the considered scheme has potential applications in magneto-optic switching devices. In recent years, the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [1÷2], which is generated by quantum interference between two different displacement channels and an opaque optical medium can become transparent in a probe field by applying a strong control laser field at a different frequency. The EIT effect not only reduces absorption but also enhances linear and nonlinear dispersions in the vicinity of atomic resonant frequency. One of the interesting applications of the EIT medium is that it modifies light pulse propagation through the dispersion of a medium, such as controlling and slowing down the group velocity of light, even stopping, storing, and then it retrieves light pulses [3÷5], enhances Kerr nonlinearity [6÷7], optical bistability (OB) and alloptical switching (AOS) [8÷10], formation and optical solitons propagation [11÷13], and so on. In addition to intensity-controllable absorption and dispersion properties of an EIT medium, recent studies show that the optical properties of an EIT medium are also controlled by external magnetic field and polarization of laser fields [14÷17]. In this work, we use an external magnetic field to switch from electromagnetically induced transparency to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), which corresponds with the propagation of light from subluminal to superluminal velocity. We investigate the influence of an external magnetic field on the absorptive and dispersive properties as well as the group index and transient behavior of the probe field, which demonstrates that the medium can be used for optical switches at a low light intensity. * E-mail: donghmhufi@gmail.com The vee-type degenerated the atomic system under the interaction of an external magnetic field as shown in Fig.1. In this scheme, the transition |1 to |3 is applied by a weak probe laser field Ep (have angular frequency ωp) with the right-circularly polarized component σ. Simultaneously, a strong coupling laser field Ec with the left-circularly polarized component σ (have angular frequency ωc) is introduced to couple the transition |1 to |2. The medium is likely to be affected by an applied longitudinal magnetic field B removing the degeneracy of the states |2 and |3, whose Zeeman shift is determined by / B B F F m g B = h , where μB is the Bohr magneton, gF is the Lande factor, and mF = ±1
在这项工作中，我们研究了在外加磁场作用下，三能级原子介质中的亚光速和超光速光的传播。研究了无磁场和有磁场情况下的色散和吸收行为。发现在电磁感应透明条件下，光脉冲可以通过磁场的开关在亚光速和超光速之间切换。最后，讨论了介质的瞬态响应，表明所考虑的方案在磁光开关器件中具有潜在的应用前景。近年来，电磁感应透明(EIT)现象[1÷2]是由两个不同的位移通道和不透明的光学介质之间的量子干涉产生的，通过施加不同频率的强控制激光场，可以在探针场中变得透明。EIT效应不仅降低了吸收，而且增强了原子共振频率附近的线性和非线性色散。EIT介质的一个有趣的应用是，它通过介质的色散来改变光脉冲的传播，如控制和减慢光的群速度，甚至停止、存储，然后恢复光脉冲[3÷5]，增强克尔非线性[6÷7]，光双稳性(OB)和同位光交换(AOS) [8÷10]，形成和光孤子传播[11÷13]等。除了强度可控的EIT介质的吸收和色散特性外，最近的研究表明，EIT介质的光学特性还受到外磁场和激光场极化的控制[14÷17]。在这项工作中，我们使用外部磁场从电磁感应透明切换到电磁感应吸收(EIA)，这对应于光从亚光速到超光速的传播。我们研究了外磁场对探针场的吸收和色散特性以及群指数和瞬态行为的影响，证明了该介质可以用于低光强下的光开关。* E-mail: donghmhufi@gmail.com外磁场作用下的e型简并原子体系如图1所示。在该方案中，微弱探测激光场Ep(角频率ωp)以右圆极化分量σ作用于|1[]到|3[]的跃迁。同时，引入具有左圆极化分量σ(角频率ωc)的强耦合激光场Ec，将跃迁|1[]耦合到|2[]。介质可能受到外加纵向磁场B的影响，使状态|2[]和|3[]的简并度消失，其塞曼位移由/ B B F F m g B=h决定，其中μB为玻尔磁子，gF为朗德因子，mF =±1为对应状态的磁量子数。由γ - 31和γ - 21分别给出了态|3和| - 2到| - 1的衰减率。利用旋转波和电偶极子近似，系统在相互作用图中的相互作用哈密顿量可表示为(假设h =1):静态磁场和两个耦合和探测激光场作用下的e型简并原子体系示意图。
{"title":"Subluminal and superluminal light pulse propagation under external magnetic field in a vee-type three-level atomic medium","authors":"T. D. Thanh, N. Anh, N. Hien, Hoang Minh Dong, Nguyen Xuan Hao, D. X. Khoa, N. H. Bang","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V13I1.1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V13I1.1076","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate subluminal and superluminal light propagation in a vee-type three-level atomic medium under an external magnetic field. The dispersion and absorption behaviors are studied for the cases of absence and presence of a magnetic field. It is found that under an electromagnetically induced transparency condition, the light pulse can be switched between subluminal and superluminal propagation by ON-OFF switching of the magnetic field. Finally, the transient response of the medium is discussed, which shows that the considered scheme has potential applications in magneto-optic switching devices. In recent years, the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) [1÷2], which is generated by quantum interference between two different displacement channels and an opaque optical medium can become transparent in a probe field by applying a strong control laser field at a different frequency. The EIT effect not only reduces absorption but also enhances linear and nonlinear dispersions in the vicinity of atomic resonant frequency. One of the interesting applications of the EIT medium is that it modifies light pulse propagation through the dispersion of a medium, such as controlling and slowing down the group velocity of light, even stopping, storing, and then it retrieves light pulses [3÷5], enhances Kerr nonlinearity [6÷7], optical bistability (OB) and alloptical switching (AOS) [8÷10], formation and optical solitons propagation [11÷13], and so on. In addition to intensity-controllable absorption and dispersion properties of an EIT medium, recent studies show that the optical properties of an EIT medium are also controlled by external magnetic field and polarization of laser fields [14÷17]. In this work, we use an external magnetic field to switch from electromagnetically induced transparency to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), which corresponds with the propagation of light from subluminal to superluminal velocity. We investigate the influence of an external magnetic field on the absorptive and dispersive properties as well as the group index and transient behavior of the probe field, which demonstrates that the medium can be used for optical switches at a low light intensity. * E-mail: donghmhufi@gmail.com The vee-type degenerated the atomic system under the interaction of an external magnetic field as shown in Fig.1. In this scheme, the transition |1 to |3 is applied by a weak probe laser field Ep (have angular frequency ωp) with the right-circularly polarized component σ. Simultaneously, a strong coupling laser field Ec with the left-circularly polarized component σ (have angular frequency ωc) is introduced to couple the transition |1 to |2. The medium is likely to be affected by an applied longitudinal magnetic field B removing the degeneracy of the states |2 and |3, whose Zeeman shift is determined by / B B F F m g B = h , where μB is the Bohr magneton, gF is the Lande factor, and mF = ±1 ","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":"13 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47831539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Le, Bien Chu Van, Dinh Thuan Bui, Trung Le Canh, Q. Dinh, Dinh Nguyen Van
This paper proposes a pure silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF), having its core infiltrated with olive oil, which allows achieving an ultra-flattened normal dispersion regime. As a result, the optimization processes allows us to achieve an ultra-flat normal dispersion in the range of over 682 nm within the wavelength range from 1446 to 2128 nm. Besides, the nonlinear coefficient of the selected PCF structure is extremely high (9.54×10Wkm at 1550 nm). The proposed PCF structure could be very helpful in investigating the supercontinuum generation which has many potential applications in various promising areas such as spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, etc. Supercontinuum (SC) generation in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been the topic of extensive studies over the past decade due to its unique novel properties and its important applications in numerous promising areas, for instance, optical communications, frequency metrology and optical coherence tomography [1÷4]. SC generation is typically achieved by launching ultrashort laser pulses near the zero dispersion point into a highly nonlinear fiber. Thus, large effective nonlinearity is essential for the broadband of a flat SC spectrum. The only method to increase the value of a nonlinear coefficient of the PCF with a silica core is reducing the effective core area. However, this causes a problem that a small effective core area will lead to coupling difficulty. Besides that, silica glass is not transparent in the mid-infrared (IR) range and the spectral bandwidth is also limited in the visible to near-IR wavelength range. Therefore, the improvement of SC generation sources of PCFs from a non-silica, highly nonlinear material becomes significant. As a typical solution, SC sources have been developed based on PCFs made of highly nonlinear glasses [5÷7]. These materials revolve further broadening of spectral coverage including mid-IR wavelengths. Because of the highly nonlinear refractive indices of these materials, the SC spectrum is expected to generate significantly shorter propagation scales. Also, broader and smoother SC will be generated with the same laser parameters. However, a highly nonlinear material will cause high costs and also lead to a complex fabrication process. * E-mail: levanhieu@hdu.edu.vn Another method to achieve higher values of nonlinear material is using hollow-core PCFs filled with liquids [8][11]. Owing to the higher nonlinear refractive index of liquids in comparison to solids [12÷13], it is possible to observe interesting nonlinear phenomena, such as SC generation with a lower peak power than in classical solid fiber [9]. Furthermore, the optical absorption of a liquid core in the region of visible and near-IR wavelength is relatively low [14]. Thus, it is also expected that liquids core PCFs, whose lengths are about a few centimeters, would be employed for generating SC [9÷10]. However, high nonlinearity liquids are usually highly toxic, which severely limits their pot
{"title":"Optimization of the ultra-flattened normal dispersion in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with olive oil for supercontinuum generation","authors":"H. Le, Bien Chu Van, Dinh Thuan Bui, Trung Le Canh, Q. Dinh, Dinh Nguyen Van","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V13I1.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V13I1.1055","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a pure silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF), having its core infiltrated with olive oil, which allows achieving an ultra-flattened normal dispersion regime. As a result, the optimization processes allows us to achieve an ultra-flat normal dispersion in the range of over 682 nm within the wavelength range from 1446 to 2128 nm. Besides, the nonlinear coefficient of the selected PCF structure is extremely high (9.54×10Wkm at 1550 nm). The proposed PCF structure could be very helpful in investigating the supercontinuum generation which has many potential applications in various promising areas such as spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, etc. Supercontinuum (SC) generation in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been the topic of extensive studies over the past decade due to its unique novel properties and its important applications in numerous promising areas, for instance, optical communications, frequency metrology and optical coherence tomography [1÷4]. SC generation is typically achieved by launching ultrashort laser pulses near the zero dispersion point into a highly nonlinear fiber. Thus, large effective nonlinearity is essential for the broadband of a flat SC spectrum. The only method to increase the value of a nonlinear coefficient of the PCF with a silica core is reducing the effective core area. However, this causes a problem that a small effective core area will lead to coupling difficulty. Besides that, silica glass is not transparent in the mid-infrared (IR) range and the spectral bandwidth is also limited in the visible to near-IR wavelength range. Therefore, the improvement of SC generation sources of PCFs from a non-silica, highly nonlinear material becomes significant. As a typical solution, SC sources have been developed based on PCFs made of highly nonlinear glasses [5÷7]. These materials revolve further broadening of spectral coverage including mid-IR wavelengths. Because of the highly nonlinear refractive indices of these materials, the SC spectrum is expected to generate significantly shorter propagation scales. Also, broader and smoother SC will be generated with the same laser parameters. However, a highly nonlinear material will cause high costs and also lead to a complex fabrication process. * E-mail: levanhieu@hdu.edu.vn Another method to achieve higher values of nonlinear material is using hollow-core PCFs filled with liquids [8][11]. Owing to the higher nonlinear refractive index of liquids in comparison to solids [12÷13], it is possible to observe interesting nonlinear phenomena, such as SC generation with a lower peak power than in classical solid fiber [9]. Furthermore, the optical absorption of a liquid core in the region of visible and near-IR wavelength is relatively low [14]. Thus, it is also expected that liquids core PCFs, whose lengths are about a few centimeters, would be employed for generating SC [9÷10]. However, high nonlinearity liquids are usually highly toxic, which severely limits their pot","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":"13 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71094713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luminance measurements are used in a vast range of lighting technology fields. The author’s research has proved that measuring the luminance distribution on light source surface is the most challenging part of this process. The research has been conducted for a commercially available digital luminance distribution meter, with the goal of analyzing the influence of image focus settings and exposure parameters on the measured luminance values. It has been concluded that the incorrect image focus and inadequately matched exposure parameters (distance from the workpiece) contribute to quantitative changes in the information on luminance distribution on the LED surface and affect the precision the maximum luminance determination. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Xu, H. Cheng, and Y. Feng, "Optical design of rectangular illumination with freeform lenses for the application of LED road lighting," Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2017, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, "LED substitutes of conventional incandescent lamps," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 88, no. 11A, pp. 123-127, 2012. DirectLink W. R. Ryckaert, K. A. G. Smet, I. A. A. Roelandts, M. Van Gils, and P. Hanselaer, "Linear LED tubes versus fluorescent lamps: An evaluation," Energy and Buildings, 2012, CrossRef X.-H. Lee, I. Moreno, and C.-C. Sun, "High-performance LED street lighting using microlens arrays," Optics Express, 2013, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, "The street lighting luminaires with LEDs," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 86, pp. 276-279, 2009. DirectLink D. Mozyrska, M. Wyrwas, and I. Fryc, "The determination of the LEDs colorimetric parameters, in the range of their operating temperature," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 93, no. 4a, pp. 232-234, 2012. DirectLink J. Kowalska and I. Fryc, "Colour rendition quality of typical fluorescent lamps determined by CIE colour fidelity index and colour rendering index," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 94--97, 2019, CrossRef J. Kowalska, "Analysis of parameters describing the quality of the color rendering of light sources according to the IES TM-30-15 and the CIE 013.3-1995," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 50--54, 2017, CrossRef K. Houser, M. Mossman, K. Smet, and L. Whitehead, "Tutorial: Color Rendering and Its Applications in Lighting," LEUKOS - Journal of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, vol. 12, no. 1-2, pp. 7-26, 2016, CrossRef S. Słomiński, "Identifying problems with luminaire luminance measurements for discomfort glare analysis," Lighting Research and Technology, 2016, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, "Investigation of COB LED luminance distribution," 2016, CrossRef M. Jongewaard, "Guide to selecting the appropriate type of light source model," in Proc.SPIE, Aug. 2002, vol. 4775, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, "Selected problems of defining the luminous area of electroluminescent diodes," Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. R. 84, nr 8, pp. 125-128, 2008. DirectLink C. D. Galatanu, "Improving the Luminance Measurement from Digi
亮度测量用于广泛的照明技术领域。作者的研究证明，测量光源表面的亮度分布是这一过程中最具挑战性的部分。该研究是针对商用数字亮度分布仪进行的，目的是分析图像焦点设置和曝光参数对测量亮度值的影响。已经得出的结论是，不正确的图像焦点和不充分匹配的曝光参数（与工件的距离）导致LED表面上亮度分布信息的定量变化，并影响最大亮度确定的精度。全文：PDF参考文献C。徐、程和冯，“LED道路照明应用中自由曲面透镜矩形照明的光学设计”，光电子前沿，2017，CrossRef D.Czyzewski，“传统白炽灯的LED替代品”，Przegled Elektrotechniczny，第88卷，第11A期，第123-1272012页。DirectLink W.R.Ryckaert、K.A.G.Smet、I.A.A.Roelands、M.Van Gils和P.Hanselaer，“线性LED管与荧光灯：评估”，《能源与建筑》，2012年，CrossRef X.-H.Lee、I.Moreno和C.C.Sun，“使用微透镜阵列的高性能LED路灯”，Optics Express，2013年，CrossRef D.Czyzewski，“LED路灯灯具”，Przegley Elektrotechniczny，第86卷，第276-2792009页。DirectLink D.Mozyrska、M.Wyrwas和I.Fryc，“LED比色参数在其工作温度范围内的测定”，Przegled Elektrotechniczny，第93卷，第4a期，第232-2342012页。DirectLink J.Kowalska和I.Fryc，“由CIE颜色保真度指数和显色指数确定的典型荧光灯的显色质量”，Przegley Elektrotechniczny，第95卷，第7期，第94-972019页，CrossRef J.Kowalski，“根据IES TM-30-15和CIE 013.3-1995对描述光源显色质量的参数进行分析”，Przegley Elektrotechniczny，第93卷，第6期，第50-542017页，CrossRef K.Houser、M.Mossman、K.Smet和L.Whitehead，“教程：显色及其在照明中的应用”，LEUKOS-北美照明工程学会杂志，第12卷，第1-2期，第7-262016页，CrossRef S.Słomiński，“识别用于不适眩光分析的灯具亮度测量的问题”，照明研究与技术，2016，CrossRef.D.Czyzewski，“COB LED亮度分布的调查”，2016，交叉Ref M.Jongewaard，“选择适当类型光源模型的指南”，Proc.SPIE，2002年8月，第4775卷，CrossRef D.Czyzewski，“定义电致发光二极管发光面积的选定问题”，Przegled Elektrotechniczny，第84卷，第8期，第125-1282008页。DirectLink C.D.Galatanu，“改进数字图像的亮度测量”，2019年国际机电与能源系统会议（SIELMEN），2019，第1-4页。CrossRef I.Fryc和E.Czech，“光纤和CCD阵列在亮度分布测量中的应用”，Proc。SPIE 5064，Lightmetering 2002:Metrology and Testing Techniques Using Light，2003，pp.18-21，CrossRef I.Fryc and E.Czech，“测量CCD阵列的光谱校正”，光学工程，2002，CrossRef.I.Fryc，“吸收滤光片校正的硅探测器光谱灵敏度的角特性”，Proc。SPIE 4517，《测光：使用光的计量、光谱和测试技术》，2001年，第42-45页，CrossRef I.Fryc，“用于亮度分布测量的CCD阵列光谱校正的准确性”，Proc。SPIE 5064，Lightmetering 2002:Metrology and Testing Techniques Using Light，2003，第38-42页，CrossRef M.Moeck和S.Anaokar，“高动态范围图像的照度分析”，LEUKOS-北美照明工程学会杂志，第211-2282006页，CrossRef D.Czyżewski，“板载芯片发光二极管的亮度分布研究”，Crystals，2019，CrossRef
{"title":"The LEDs luminance distribution measurement quality dependency on image focusing","authors":"D. Czyżewski","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Luminance measurements are used in a vast range of lighting technology fields. The author’s research has proved that measuring the luminance distribution on light source surface is the most challenging part of this process. The research has been conducted for a commercially available digital luminance distribution meter, with the goal of analyzing the influence of image focus settings and exposure parameters on the measured luminance values. It has been concluded that the incorrect image focus and inadequately matched exposure parameters (distance from the workpiece) contribute to quantitative changes in the information on luminance distribution on the LED surface and affect the precision the maximum luminance determination. Full Text: PDF ReferencesC. Xu, H. Cheng, and Y. Feng, \"Optical design of rectangular illumination with freeform lenses for the application of LED road lighting,\" Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2017, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, \"LED substitutes of conventional incandescent lamps,\" Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 88, no. 11A, pp. 123-127, 2012. DirectLink W. R. Ryckaert, K. A. G. Smet, I. A. A. Roelandts, M. Van Gils, and P. Hanselaer, \"Linear LED tubes versus fluorescent lamps: An evaluation,\" Energy and Buildings, 2012, CrossRef X.-H. Lee, I. Moreno, and C.-C. Sun, \"High-performance LED street lighting using microlens arrays,\" Optics Express, 2013, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, \"The street lighting luminaires with LEDs,\" Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 86, pp. 276-279, 2009. DirectLink D. Mozyrska, M. Wyrwas, and I. Fryc, \"The determination of the LEDs colorimetric parameters, in the range of their operating temperature,\" Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 93, no. 4a, pp. 232-234, 2012. DirectLink J. Kowalska and I. Fryc, \"Colour rendition quality of typical fluorescent lamps determined by CIE colour fidelity index and colour rendering index,\" Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 94--97, 2019, CrossRef J. Kowalska, \"Analysis of parameters describing the quality of the color rendering of light sources according to the IES TM-30-15 and the CIE 013.3-1995,\" Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. 93, no. 6, pp. 50--54, 2017, CrossRef K. Houser, M. Mossman, K. Smet, and L. Whitehead, \"Tutorial: Color Rendering and Its Applications in Lighting,\" LEUKOS - Journal of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, vol. 12, no. 1-2, pp. 7-26, 2016, CrossRef S. Słomiński, \"Identifying problems with luminaire luminance measurements for discomfort glare analysis,\" Lighting Research and Technology, 2016, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, \"Investigation of COB LED luminance distribution,\" 2016, CrossRef M. Jongewaard, \"Guide to selecting the appropriate type of light source model,\" in Proc.SPIE, Aug. 2002, vol. 4775, CrossRef D. Czyzewski, \"Selected problems of defining the luminous area of electroluminescent diodes,\" Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, vol. R. 84, nr 8, pp. 125-128, 2008. DirectLink C. D. Galatanu, \"Improving the Luminance Measurement from Digi","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44993526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Kramers-Kronig relations were used to estimate electrorefractivity near the edge of the exciton absorption peak of GaAs/AlGaAs photorefractive quantum well (PMQW) structure working in the Franz-Keldysh geometry. It was shown that for both TE and TM polarizations the change of the refractive index under an applied electric field is at least an order of magnitude greater than in bulk semi-insulating GaAs due to the classical Franz-Keldysh effect. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch in: Photorefractive effects and Materials, ed. by D. D. Nolte (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1995). CrossRef T. E.Van Eck, L. M. Walpita, W.S.C. Chang, H. H. Wieder, "Franz–Keldysh electrorefraction and electroabsorption in bulk InP and GaAs", Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 451 (1986). CrossRef P.K. Basu, Theory of Optical Processes in Semiconductors, (Oxford University Press, 2003) ch. 7. CrossRef A Partovi. E.M. Garmire, "Band‐edge photorefractivity in semiconductors: Theory and experiment", J. Appl. Phys. 69, 6885 (1991). CrossRef J. S. Weiner, D. A. B. Miller, D. S. Chemla, et. al. "Strong polarization‐sensitive electroabsorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguides", Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 1148 (1985). CrossRef D. S. Chemla, D. A. B. Miller, "Room-temperature excitonic nonlinear-optical effects in semiconductor quantum-well structures", JOSA A, 2 1155, (1985). CrossRef S.L. Chuang, Physics of Photonic Devices (2-nd ed. New Jersey, Wiley & Sons 2009), ch. 14. DirectLink E. Miśkiewicz, A. Ziółkowski, M. Wichtowski, E. Weinert - Rączka, "Thermally induced changes of the electro-optical properties of semi-insulating GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures", Opt. Mat. 89, 231 (2019). CrossRef E.Weinert-Rączka, R.Iwanow, "Asymetric directional coupler controlled by photorefractive grating", Acta Phys. Pol. A 95, 813 (1999). CrossRef
{"title":"Electrorefraction beyond the excitonic resonance in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structure in the Franz-Keldysh geometry","authors":"M. Wichtowski","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1065","url":null,"abstract":"The Kramers-Kronig relations were used to estimate electrorefractivity near the edge of the exciton absorption peak of GaAs/AlGaAs photorefractive quantum well (PMQW) structure working in the Franz-Keldysh geometry. It was shown that for both TE and TM polarizations the change of the refractive index under an applied electric field is at least an order of magnitude greater than in bulk semi-insulating GaAs due to the classical Franz-Keldysh effect. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch in: Photorefractive effects and Materials, ed. by D. D. Nolte (Kluwer, Dordrecht 1995). CrossRef T. E.Van Eck, L. M. Walpita, W.S.C. Chang, H. H. Wieder, \"Franz–Keldysh electrorefraction and electroabsorption in bulk InP and GaAs\", Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 451 (1986). CrossRef P.K. Basu, Theory of Optical Processes in Semiconductors, (Oxford University Press, 2003) ch. 7. CrossRef A Partovi. E.M. Garmire, \"Band‐edge photorefractivity in semiconductors: Theory and experiment\", J. Appl. Phys. 69, 6885 (1991). CrossRef J. S. Weiner, D. A. B. Miller, D. S. Chemla, et. al. \"Strong polarization‐sensitive electroabsorption in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguides\", Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 1148 (1985). CrossRef D. S. Chemla, D. A. B. Miller, \"Room-temperature excitonic nonlinear-optical effects in semiconductor quantum-well structures\", JOSA A, 2 1155, (1985). CrossRef S.L. Chuang, Physics of Photonic Devices (2-nd ed. New Jersey, Wiley & Sons 2009), ch. 14. DirectLink E. Miśkiewicz, A. Ziółkowski, M. Wichtowski, E. Weinert - Rączka, \"Thermally induced changes of the electro-optical properties of semi-insulating GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures\", Opt. Mat. 89, 231 (2019). CrossRef E.Weinert-Rączka, R.Iwanow, \"Asymetric directional coupler controlled by photorefractive grating\", Acta Phys. Pol. A 95, 813 (1999). CrossRef","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate an external electric field frequency influence on a photonic liquid crystal fiber (PLCF) based on a gold nanoparticles (NPs)-doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) and its response to the external electric field. We used a 6CHBT nematic LC doped with 2-nm gold NPs in a weight concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. M. Atkin, "All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding," Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996) CrossRef J. C. Knight,T. A. Birks, P. S. J.Russell, , and J. P. De Sandro, "Properties of photonic crystal fiber and the effective index model", JOSA A, 15(3), 748-752, (1998) CrossRef S. A. Cerqueira,F. Luan, C. M. B. Cordeiro, A. K. George, and J. C. Knight, "Hybrid photonic crystal fiber", "Optics Express", 14(2), 926-931,(2006) CrossRef W. Bragg, "Liquid Crystals", Nature 133, 445-456, (1934) https://doi.org/10.1038/133445a0 CrossRef J. Kędzierski, K. Garbat, Z. Raszewski, M. Kojdecki, K. Kowiorski, L. Jaroszewicz, and W. Piecek, "Optical properties of a liquid crystal with small ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices and small optical anisotropy", Opto-Electronics Review, 22(3), 162-165, (2014) CrossRef Y. Li, and S. T. Wu, "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Optics express, 19(9), 8045-8050, (2011) CrossRef T. Woliński, S. Ertman, K. Rutkowska, D. Budaszewski, M. Sala-Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, K. Orzechowski, K. Bednarska, P. Lesiak, "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers - 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology", Phot. Lett. Pol., (11), (2), 22-24, (2019) https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907. CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, Opt. Expr. 11(20), 2589, (2003) CrossRef T.R. Woliński, K. Szaniawska, K. Bondarczuk, P. Lesiak, A.W. Domański, R. Dąbrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wójcik, "Propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13(2), 59 (2005) DirectLink L. Scolari, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, L. Zhai, L. Eskildsen, T. T. Alkeskjold, S.-T. Wu, and A. Bjarklev, "Frequency tunability of solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with nanoparticle-doped liquid crystals," Opt. Express 17(5), 3754-3764 (2009). CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, D. Budaszewski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, and T. R. Woliński, "Thermo-and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 8(1), 2790-2801, (2017) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, M. Chychłowski, A. Budaszewska, B. Bartosewicz, B. Jankiewicz, and T. R. Woliński, "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Optics express, 27(10), 14260-14269, (2019) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński, "Nan
{"title":"Frequency dependence of electric field tunability in a photonic liquid crystal fiber based on gold nanoparticles-doped 6CHBT nematic liquid crystal","authors":"M. Chychłowski, T. Wolinski","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1070","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate an external electric field frequency influence on a photonic liquid crystal fiber (PLCF) based on a gold nanoparticles (NPs)-doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) and its response to the external electric field. We used a 6CHBT nematic LC doped with 2-nm gold NPs in a weight concentration of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, and D. M. Atkin, \"All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding,\" Opt. Lett. 21, 1547-1549 (1996) CrossRef J. C. Knight,T. A. Birks, P. S. J.Russell, , and J. P. De Sandro, \"Properties of photonic crystal fiber and the effective index model\", JOSA A, 15(3), 748-752, (1998) CrossRef S. A. Cerqueira,F. Luan, C. M. B. Cordeiro, A. K. George, and J. C. Knight, \"Hybrid photonic crystal fiber\", \"Optics Express\", 14(2), 926-931,(2006) CrossRef W. Bragg, \"Liquid Crystals\", Nature 133, 445-456, (1934) https://doi.org/10.1038/133445a0 CrossRef J. Kędzierski, K. Garbat, Z. Raszewski, M. Kojdecki, K. Kowiorski, L. Jaroszewicz, and W. Piecek, \"Optical properties of a liquid crystal with small ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices and small optical anisotropy\", Opto-Electronics Review, 22(3), 162-165, (2014) CrossRef Y. Li, and S. T. Wu, \"Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal\", Optics express, 19(9), 8045-8050, (2011) CrossRef T. Woliński, S. Ertman, K. Rutkowska, D. Budaszewski, M. Sala-Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, K. Orzechowski, K. Bednarska, P. Lesiak, \"Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers - 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology\", Phot. Lett. Pol., (11), (2), 22-24, (2019) https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907. CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, Opt. Expr. 11(20), 2589, (2003) CrossRef T.R. Woliński, K. Szaniawska, K. Bondarczuk, P. Lesiak, A.W. Domański, R. Dąbrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wójcik, \"Propagation properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals\", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13(2), 59 (2005) DirectLink L. Scolari, S. Gauza, H. Xianyu, L. Zhai, L. Eskildsen, T. T. Alkeskjold, S.-T. Wu, and A. Bjarklev, \"Frequency tunability of solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with nanoparticle-doped liquid crystals,\" Opt. Express 17(5), 3754-3764 (2009). CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, D. Budaszewski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, and T. R. Woliński, \"Thermo-and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles\", Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 8(1), 2790-2801, (2017) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, M. Chychłowski, A. Budaszewska, B. Bartosewicz, B. Jankiewicz, and T. R. Woliński, \"Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles\", Optics express, 27(10), 14260-14269, (2019) CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. Siarkowska, M. Chychłowski, B. Jankiewicz, B. Bartosewicz, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński, \"Nan","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49284079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents an alternative technique of calculation the retardance of quartz waveplates. The technique utilizes continuously tuned wavelength, which identifies the zero-order fringe and simultaneously facilitates high repeatability of the optical path difference across the entire visible spectrum. Unlike in classical method, precise monitoring of the current increase or decrease of the interference order is not required. The discussion includes comparison of the standard deviation between the classical and novel approaches. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy (Vol. 3, PWN, Elsevier, Warszawa-Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo, 1993). DirectLinkM. Pluta, "Object-adapted variable-wavelength interferometry. I. Theoretical basis", Journal of Opt. Soc. Am., A4(11), 2107 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength microinterferometry of textile fibres", J. Microscopy, 149(2), 97 (1988). CrossRef M. Pluta, "On double‐refracting microinterferometers which suffer from a variable interfringe spacing across the image plane", Journal of Microscopy, 145(2), 191 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength interferometry of birefringent retarders", Opt. Laser Technology, 19(3), 131 (1987). CrossRef D. Litwin, A. M. Sadik, "Computer-aided variable wavelength Fourier transform polarizing microscopy of birefringent fibers", Optica Applicata 28(2), 139 (1998). DirectLink A. Sadik, W. A. Ramadan, D. Litwin, "Variable incidence angle method combined with Pluta polarizing interference microscope for refractive index and thickness measurement of single-medium fibres", Measurement Science and Technology, IOP Publishing 14(10), 1753 (2003). CrossRef J. Galas, S. Sitarek; D. Litwin; M. Daszkiewicz, "Fringe image analysis for variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10445, 1044504 (2017). CrossRef D. Litwin, J. Galas, N. Błocki, "Automated variable wavelength interferometry in reflected light mode", Proc.SPIE 6188, 61880F (2006). CrossRef J. Galas, D. Litwin, M. Daszkiewicz, "New approach for identifying the zero-order fringe in variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421R (2016). CrossRef D. Litwin, J. Galas, M. Daszkiewicz, T. Kryszczyński, A. Czyżewski, K. Radziak, "Dedicated optical systems of the Institute of Applied Optics", Phot. Lett. Pol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 29-31, (2019). CrossRef D. Litwin, K. Radziak, J. Galas "A fast variable wavelength interferometer", Proc. SPIE 11581, 115810O, (2020). CrossRef
{"title":"Alternative approach to variable wavelength interferometry","authors":"D. Litwin, Kamil Radziak, J. Galas","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1066","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an alternative technique of calculation the retardance of quartz waveplates. The technique utilizes continuously tuned wavelength, which identifies the zero-order fringe and simultaneously facilitates high repeatability of the optical path difference across the entire visible spectrum. Unlike in classical method, precise monitoring of the current increase or decrease of the interference order is not required. The discussion includes comparison of the standard deviation between the classical and novel approaches. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy (Vol. 3, PWN, Elsevier, Warszawa-Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo, 1993). DirectLinkM. Pluta, \"Object-adapted variable-wavelength interferometry. I. Theoretical basis\", Journal of Opt. Soc. Am., A4(11), 2107 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, \"Variable wavelength microinterferometry of textile fibres\", J. Microscopy, 149(2), 97 (1988). CrossRef M. Pluta, \"On double‐refracting microinterferometers which suffer from a variable interfringe spacing across the image plane\", Journal of Microscopy, 145(2), 191 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, \"Variable wavelength interferometry of birefringent retarders\", Opt. Laser Technology, 19(3), 131 (1987). CrossRef D. Litwin, A. M. Sadik, \"Computer-aided variable wavelength Fourier transform polarizing microscopy of birefringent fibers\", Optica Applicata 28(2), 139 (1998). DirectLink A. Sadik, W. A. Ramadan, D. Litwin, \"Variable incidence angle method combined with Pluta polarizing interference microscope for refractive index and thickness measurement of single-medium fibres\", Measurement Science and Technology, IOP Publishing 14(10), 1753 (2003). CrossRef J. Galas, S. Sitarek; D. Litwin; M. Daszkiewicz, \"Fringe image analysis for variable wavelength interferometry\", Proc. SPIE 10445, 1044504 (2017). CrossRef D. Litwin, J. Galas, N. Błocki, \"Automated variable wavelength interferometry in reflected light mode\", Proc.SPIE 6188, 61880F (2006). CrossRef J. Galas, D. Litwin, M. Daszkiewicz, \"New approach for identifying the zero-order fringe in variable wavelength interferometry\", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421R (2016). CrossRef D. Litwin, J. Galas, M. Daszkiewicz, T. Kryszczyński, A. Czyżewski, K. Radziak, \"Dedicated optical systems of the Institute of Applied Optics\", Phot. Lett. Pol., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 29-31, (2019). CrossRef D. Litwin, K. Radziak, J. Galas \"A fast variable wavelength interferometer\", Proc. SPIE 11581, 115810O, (2020). CrossRef","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45831636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bao Tran Le Tran, T. N. Thi, Ngoc Vo Thi Minh, Trung Le Canh, M. Van, V. C. Long, K. D. Xuan, L. Chu
In this paper, we propose three solid-core photonic crystal fibers based on silica, with hexagonal, circular and square lattices as a cladding, composed of 8 rings of air-holes surrounding the core, infiltrated with ethanol. Using a commercial software we simulated the light propagation in these structures. The size of the air-holes was from 1 µm to 4 µm. We have shown that the fibers with the hexagonal lattices are optimal for supercontinuum generation since their dispersion characteristics are flat and the smallest.
{"title":"Analysis of dispersion characteristics of solid-core PCFs with different types of lattice in the claddings, infiltrated with ethanol","authors":"Bao Tran Le Tran, T. N. Thi, Ngoc Vo Thi Minh, Trung Le Canh, M. Van, V. C. Long, K. D. Xuan, L. Chu","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1054","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose three solid-core photonic crystal fibers based on silica, with hexagonal, circular and square lattices as a cladding, composed of 8 rings of air-holes surrounding the core, infiltrated with ethanol. Using a commercial software we simulated the light propagation in these structures. The size of the air-holes was from 1 µm to 4 µm. We have shown that the fibers with the hexagonal lattices are optimal for supercontinuum generation since their dispersion characteristics are flat and the smallest.","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43590867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Franczyk, D. Pysz, Filip Wlodarczyk, I. Kujawa, R. Buczyński
We present ytterbium doped silica single-mode fibre components for high power and high energy laser applications. We developed in-house the fibre laser with high efficiency of 65% according to the launched power, the threshold of 1.16W and the fibre length of 20 m. We also elaborated the fibre with 20 µm in diameter core suitable for amplifying the beam generated in oscillator. We implemented made in-house endcaps to prove the utility of the fibre towards high peak power applications. Full Text: PDF References Strategies Unlimited, The Worldwide Market for Lasers: Market Review and Forecast, 2020 DirectLink J. Zhu, P. Zhou, Y. Ma, X. Xu, and Z. Liu, "Power scaling analysis of tandem-pumped Yb-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers", Opt. Express 19, 18645 (2011) CrossRef IPG Photonics, Product information, accessed: October, 2020. DirectLink J.W. Dawson, M. J. Messerly, R. J. Beach, M. Y. Shverdin, E. A. Stappaerts, A. K. Sridharan, P. H. Pax, J. E. Heebner, C. W. Siders, and C. P. J. Barty, "Analysis of the scalability of diffraction-limited fiber lasers and amplifiers to high average power", Opt. Express 16, 13240 (2008) CrossRef W. Koechner, "Solid-State Laser Engineering", Springer Series in Optical Science, Berlin 1999 CrossRef A. V. Smith, and B. T. Do, "Bulk and surface laser damage of silica by picosecond and nanosecond pulses at 1064 nm", Appl. Opt. 47, 4812 (2008), CrossRef M. N. Zervas, C. Codemard, "High Power Fiber Lasers: A Review", IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 20, 1, 2014 CrossRef D.J. Richardson, J. Nilsson, and W.A. Clarkson, "High power fiber lasers: current status and future perspectives [Invited]", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 27, 63, 2010, CrossRef M. Li, X. Chen, A. Liu, S. Gray, J. Wang, D. T. Walton; L. A. Zenteno, "Limit of Effective Area for Single-Mode Operation in Step-Index Large Mode Area Laser Fibers", J. Lightw. Technol., 27, 3010, 2009, CrossRef J. Limpert, S. Hofer, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, A. Tunnermann., S. Knoke, and H. Voelckel, "100-W average-power, high-energy nanosecond fiber amplifier", App.Phys.B 75, 477, 2002, CrossRef
我们提出了用于高功率高能激光器的掺镱二氧化硅单模光纤元件。根据发射功率，阈值为1.16W，光纤长度为20 m，自主开发了效率高达65%的光纤激光器。我们还设计了直径为20 μ m的光纤芯，适用于放大振荡器产生的光束。我们实施了内部制造的端帽，以证明光纤在峰值功率应用中的实用性。朱俊，周平，马勇，徐晓霞，刘振中，“串联泵浦掺镱光纤激光器和放大器的功率缩放分析”，光子学报，18645 (2011)CrossRef IPG Photonics，产品信息，访问:2020年10月。J.W. Dawson, M. J. Messerly, R. J. Beach, M. Y. Shverdin, E. A. Stappaerts, A. K. Sridharan, P. H. Pax, J. E. Heebner, C. W. Siders, C. P. J. Barty，“衍射受限光纤激光器和放大器的高平均功率可扩展性分析”，光学学报16,13240 (2008)CrossRef W. Koechner，“固体激光器工程”，bb0系列光学科学，柏林1999 CrossRef A. V. Smith, B. T. Do，“1064nm皮秒和纳秒脉冲对二氧化硅体和表面的激光损伤”，applied。光电子工程学报，1999,12(2008)，“高功率光纤激光器的研究进展”，中国光电子工程学报。上面。李志强，李志强，李志强，“高功率光纤激光器的研究现状及发展趋势[j] .光子学报，2014,31(1)。点。李明明，陈晓明，刘亚华，王建军，王德华，2010，交叉参考;李立强，“单模光纤的有效工作面积限制”，J. Lightw。抛光工艺。[j] .林珀特，何建军，李建军，等。陈志强，“高功率纳米级光纤放大器的研究”，物理学报，2002,24(3)，第1页
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M. Surma, P. Komorowski, Maciej Neneman, A. Siemion
Recent enormous development of 3D printing techniques gave the possibility of precise manufacturing of designed optical structures. This paper presents designing, manufacturing and the results obtained for chocolate Fresnel lens. Chocolate, similarly to wax, can be melted and used in the 3D printed form to create a terahertz (THz) optical element. Parameters of the chocolate lens are compared with the one made of wax. In simple applications both materials can be used as a cost-effective alternative for conventional optical materials used for THz range of radiation. Both lenses have been designed and compared for 140 GHz. Full Text: PDF References M. Naftaly, R.E. Miles, and P.J. Greenslade, "THz transmission in polymer materials — a data library", Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and the 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, 819-820 (2007). CrossRef S. Firoozabadi, F. Beltran-Mejia, A. Soltani, D. Jahn, S.F. Busch, J.C. Balzer, and M. Koch, "THz transmission blazed grating made out of paper tissue", 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 1-2 (2017). CrossRef D. Headland, W. Withayachumnankul, M. Webb, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, A. Luiten, and D. Abbott, "Analysis of 3D-printed metal for rapid-prototyped reflective terahertz optics", Optics express 24(15), 17384-17396 (2016). CrossRef S.F. Busch, M. Weidenbach, M. Fey, F. Schafer, T. Probst, and M. Koch, "Optical Properties of 3D Printable Plastics in the THz Regime and their Application for 3D Printed THz Optics", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 35(12), 993-997 (2014). CrossRef C. Jordens, and M. Koch, "Detection of foreign bodies in chocolate with pulsed terahertz spectroscopy", Optical Engineering 47(3), 037003 (2008). CrossRef A.D. Squires, E. Constable, and R.A. Lewis, "3D Printed Terahertz Diffraction Gratings And Lenses", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 36(1), 72-80 (2015). CrossRef W. D. Furlan, V. Ferrando, J. A. Monsoriu, P. Zagrajek, E. Czerwinska, and M. Szustakowski, "3D printed diffractive terahertz lenses", Optics letters 41(8), 1748-1751 (2016). CrossRef X. Wei, C. Liu, L. Niu, Z. Zhang, K. Wang, Z. Yang, and J. Liu, "Generation of arbitrary order Bessel beams via 3D printed axicons at the terahertz frequency range", Applied optics 54(36), 10641-10649 (2015). CrossRef S. Banerji, and B. Sensale-Rodriguez, "3D-printed diffractive terahertz optical elements through computational design", Micro-and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications XI 10982, 109822X, International Society for Optics and Photonics (2019). CrossRef M. Surma, I. Ducin, P. Zagrajek, and A. Siemion, "Sub-Terahertz Computer Generated Hologram with Two Image Planes", Applied Sciences 9(4), 659 (2019). CrossRef A. Siemion, P. Komorowski, M. Surma, I. Ducin, P. Sobotka, M. Walczakowski, and E. Czerwinska, "Terahertz diffractive structures for compact in-reflection inspec
{"title":"Chocolate Terahertz Fresnel Lens","authors":"M. Surma, P. Komorowski, Maciej Neneman, A. Siemion","doi":"10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4302/PLP.V12I4.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Recent enormous development of 3D printing techniques gave the possibility of precise manufacturing of designed optical structures. This paper presents designing, manufacturing and the results obtained for chocolate Fresnel lens. Chocolate, similarly to wax, can be melted and used in the 3D printed form to create a terahertz (THz) optical element. Parameters of the chocolate lens are compared with the one made of wax. In simple applications both materials can be used as a cost-effective alternative for conventional optical materials used for THz range of radiation. Both lenses have been designed and compared for 140 GHz. Full Text: PDF References M. Naftaly, R.E. Miles, and P.J. Greenslade, \"THz transmission in polymer materials — a data library\", Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and the 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, 819-820 (2007). CrossRef S. Firoozabadi, F. Beltran-Mejia, A. Soltani, D. Jahn, S.F. Busch, J.C. Balzer, and M. Koch, \"THz transmission blazed grating made out of paper tissue\", 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 1-2 (2017). CrossRef D. Headland, W. Withayachumnankul, M. Webb, H. Ebendorff-Heidepriem, A. Luiten, and D. Abbott, \"Analysis of 3D-printed metal for rapid-prototyped reflective terahertz optics\", Optics express 24(15), 17384-17396 (2016). CrossRef S.F. Busch, M. Weidenbach, M. Fey, F. Schafer, T. Probst, and M. Koch, \"Optical Properties of 3D Printable Plastics in the THz Regime and their Application for 3D Printed THz Optics\", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 35(12), 993-997 (2014). CrossRef C. Jordens, and M. Koch, \"Detection of foreign bodies in chocolate with pulsed terahertz spectroscopy\", Optical Engineering 47(3), 037003 (2008). CrossRef A.D. Squires, E. Constable, and R.A. Lewis, \"3D Printed Terahertz Diffraction Gratings And Lenses\", Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 36(1), 72-80 (2015). CrossRef W. D. Furlan, V. Ferrando, J. A. Monsoriu, P. Zagrajek, E. Czerwinska, and M. Szustakowski, \"3D printed diffractive terahertz lenses\", Optics letters 41(8), 1748-1751 (2016). CrossRef X. Wei, C. Liu, L. Niu, Z. Zhang, K. Wang, Z. Yang, and J. Liu, \"Generation of arbitrary order Bessel beams via 3D printed axicons at the terahertz frequency range\", Applied optics 54(36), 10641-10649 (2015). CrossRef S. Banerji, and B. Sensale-Rodriguez, \"3D-printed diffractive terahertz optical elements through computational design\", Micro-and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications XI 10982, 109822X, International Society for Optics and Photonics (2019). CrossRef M. Surma, I. Ducin, P. Zagrajek, and A. Siemion, \"Sub-Terahertz Computer Generated Hologram with Two Image Planes\", Applied Sciences 9(4), 659 (2019). CrossRef A. Siemion, P. Komorowski, M. Surma, I. Ducin, P. Sobotka, M. Walczakowski, and E. Czerwinska, \"Terahertz diffractive structures for compact in-reflection inspec","PeriodicalId":20055,"journal":{"name":"Photonics Letters of Poland","volume":"12 1","pages":"103-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42207828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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